Linux partition, format, mount, uninstall detailed process _linux

1. All Documents

Linux system has a concept: "Everything is a file", so the hardware of the computer in Linux is also in the form of "file" in the/dev directory.

The figure is part of the/dev directory in the CentOS 6.5 system. Different computers display similar content.

For example, the CD-ROM corresponding to the file is/dev/cdrom,cpu corresponding file is/dev/cpu. And the hard disk corresponds to the/dev/sd*. The first hard drive is/DEV/SDA, and the second disk is/dev/sdb.

However, a disk is usually divided into multiple partitions, so the partition is appended to the disk file followed by the ordinal of the partition. Refer to the examples in the table below.

Partition	The corresponding path
Section 1 of the first hard drive	/dev/sda1
Section 2 of the first hard drive	/dev/sda2
The first 2 partitions of the second hard drive	/dev/sdb2

2. Create partitions

2.1 Create a partition using the Cfdisk command.

This example uses the/DEV/SDB disk in the previous illustration to demonstrate.

Start using the Cfdisk command to enter the Cfdisk interface.

Cfdisk/dev/sdb

[new]--[primary]--manually enter the partition capacity, in M. Enter, create success.

Finally select [Write], enter "Yes", and write the configuration to disk.

SELECT [Quit] to exit Cfdisk.

Ps:cfdisk command does not support GPT partition format temporarily

2.2 Format Partition MKFS

MKFS-Support ext2, ext3 (log), Ext4, VFAT, Msdos, JFS, ReiserFS, etc.
Usage 1:mkfs-t <fstype> <partition>
Cases:

 #mkfs-T EXT3/DEV/HDA1

Usage 2:mkfs.<fstype> <partition>
Cases:

 #mkfs. vfat/dev/hda2

This example is

 Mkfs.ext4/dev/sdb1

PS: After formatting a partition, you can use the E2label command to add a volume label to the partition

E2label Partition path Volume label name

3. Mount Partition

Tip: Use the df-h command to view the partitions that are already mounted on the current system

3.1 Manually mount partitions

Mount-t/DEV/SDB1/MNT/SDB1

Uninstall partition umount command format:

umount [option] special | Node

When you uninstall a partition by using Umount, you can specify the mount point, or you can specify the path to mount

For example, to uninstall the mount of the SDB1 partition, use the

UMOUNT/DEV/SDB1 or UMOUNT/MNT/SDB1.

PS: When using Umount Uninstall, if the device path is specified, Umount will unload the mount point that the partition was last mounted in the Mount order.

3.2 Automatic Mount Partition

The Linux system mounts partitions automatically from the/etc/fstab file when it is started.

The figure is an example of a fstab file.

In Fstab, each configuration information is divided into 6 fixed parts

[1]: partition path, or UUID

[2]:fs_file-This field describes the directory points that you want the filesystem to load, none for swap devices, or spaces for loading directory names that contain spaces, 40来.

[3]:fs_type-Defines the file system on the device, generally common file types are Ext4 (common file types for Linux devices), VFAT (FAT32 format for Windows systems), NTFS, isoArray600, and so on. Auto can be used in case of uncertainty.

[4]:fs_options-Specifies that the file system that loads the device is a specific parameter option that needs to be used, and that multiple parameters are separated by commas.
For most systems, "defaults" can be used to meet your needs. Don't say much.

[5]:fs_dump-This option is used by the ' Dump ' command to check how quickly a file system should be dumped, if no dump is required
Set this field to 0

[6]:fs_pass-This field is used by the fsck command to determine the sequence of file systems that need to be scanned at startup, the root file system "/" to the word
The value for the segment should be 1, and the other file system should be 2. Set this field to 0 if the file system does not need to be scanned at boot time

In this example, the configuration of the SDB1 partition automatic mount is added to the Fstab file as follows:

/DEV/SDB1   /mnt/sdb1   ext4  defaults  0 2

PS: Other accounts (such as ORAC, MySQL) in the use of this new partition, you may encounter problems with insufficient permissions, use the following command to resolve

chmod 777/MNT/SDB1

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