Linux system installation and initial use

The conclusion of experiment one,

1, the serial number of the Linux kernel version mainly consists of three parts: Major.minor.patchlevel, Major is the main version number, minor is the minor version number, Patchlevel indicates the number of revisions to the current version;

Because of the high freedom of code on Linux, many companies and organizations have launched their own Linux operating systems, which we call Linux distributions. There are hundreds of Linux distributions, with the following 7 main types:

(1) Red Hat Linux/fedora Core (2) Debian (3) Ubuntu (4) Slackware (5) OpenSuSE (6) Red Flag Linux (7) bid for Pu Wah

The difference is that the kernel is a core, other software is based on this core, can not be directly used, the distribution is the core and various software packaging, can be used directly.

2. There are three types of hard disk partitions: Primary partition, extended partition, and logical partition.

The hard drive should resemble such/dev/hda1 or/DEV/SDA1 that Linux uses a combination of letters and numbers to mark hard disk partitions, the first two letters indicate the type of device the partition is in, and the third letter indicates that the partition is on that device.

The last number indicates the order of the partitions, 1~4 represents the primary or extended partition, and the logical partition starts at 5.

3, in the Linux operating system, there are EXT2, EXT3, Linux swap and VFAT four kinds of formats.

4. How to install Linux system:

(1) CD-ROM installation, most commonly used the most convenient method.

(2) ISO image file installation, no optical drive required, cannot be re-partitioned and formatted.

(3) Network Remote installation, it is necessary to realize the configuration of network connectivity, high technical requirements.

(4) Hard disk cloning, that is, directly from the installed machine on a hard disk clone directly clone a system over,

The disadvantage is that it takes a long time to change the network configuration of the new system after cloning, otherwise the network cannot be used.

5. There must be at least one primary partition on a hard disk, with a maximum of four primary partitions. To overcome this limitation, an extended partition is established, but the extended partition is not used directly, and is used in a logical partitioning manner, so that

Partitioning can be divided into several logical partitions. Their relationship is a contained relationship, and all logical partitions are part of the extended partition.

For traditional BIOS boot +mbr and Uefi bios+gpt, the difference between partitions:

(1) on the number of partitions, GPT seems to support unlimited partitions; MBR can have up to four systems

(2) on the partition capacity, GPT can recognize a hard disk larger than 2T, while the MBR Max 2t capacity

(3) For convenience, UEFI supports modular development for UEFI and BIOS, which facilitates the development of firmware for vendors.

(4) security, due to a more specialized EFI partition, and in the system will not display the partition, to a certain extent, improve security.

(5) speed, because the BIOS has a hardware self-test at boot time, and this function has been implemented in the EFI partition, so the UEFI boot speed is relatively faster.

6, Linux installation requires two required partitions, that is, a root file system partition (type EXT3,EXT2 or ReiserFS) and a swap partition (swap) root partition is where the root file system resides, requires sufficient hard disk space

, the swap partition is used to support the swap space of virtual memory, which is twice the size of memory. If you need a fixed data storage area, you can also assign him a separate hard disk partition, create a/data partition, and create a

Build/boot partition (under root) to save the system boot file separately.

7, in the Linux operating system, mount is a very important function, use very frequently. It refers to a device (typically a storage device) that is attached to an existing directory.

The mount point is actually the entry directory for the disk file system in Linux, similar to the C:, D:, E:, and so on, that are used to access different partitions in Windows.

Two

echo Command: Display parameters on the command line to standard output

Date command: Displays or sets the time and date on the screen

Cal Command: Displays the calendar of any year or one month in A.D. 1-9,999, if there is only one parameter, do not interpret the year; two parameters, the first one represents the month, the second is the year

Clear command: Means clearing the information on the screen

Three

For Linux This language, oneself is a beginner. The knowledge about it is basically blank. But learning is not a matter of time, in the online access to a lot of information, know that Linux for the user's permission is very big, do things very free, so often need you know what each step is doing and what the system did, Linux commands a lot, this experiment also contacted a lot of basic shell command, So many commands are impossible to remember, and you need to do more hands-on to memorize common commands. For Linux, there's a lot of incompatibilities with the windows I'm currently using, and I think it will take some time to fully understand.

Linux system installation and initial use