Python Learning record--ubuntu (i) basic configuration, shortcut keys, and file Operations Command line

1. Common ways to get help:

(1)-H

(2)--help

(3) Man

The man chapter finds information #用于查询某指令在某章节中的帮助信息

Man-f #精确查找

Man-k #模糊查找

(4) Info

2. Install the software using the command line:

Apt-cache Search Package #查找软件包并安装

Apt-cache Show Package #获取安装包的详细信息

Apt-get Update/install/remove/purge (Delete cleaner) package

/etc/apt/sources.list #设置软件包的获取来源

3. Set the system time/time zone and get the calendar:

(1) Date:

Date #显示当前日期

Date formatting:

%Y year%m Month (01..12)%d day of month (01)

%H Hour (00..23)%I Hour (01..12)%M minute (00..59)%s second (00..60)

Date + "%y%m%d%h%m%s" 20160824 223856

Date + "%y-%m-%d%h:%m:%s" 2016-08-24 22:39:07

Date-s #设置当前时间, only root privileges can be set, others can only be viewed.

Date-s 20061010 #设置成20061010, this will set the specific time to empty 00:00:00

Date-s 12:23:23 #设置具体时间, no changes are made to the date date-s "12:12:23 2006-10-10″//so you can set the whole time

　　NOTE: After you reset the time, you need to poke the time out of the hardware clock. The method is as follows: Hwclock-w

(2) Tzselect

(3) Cal:

Cal: Calendar

CAL-Y: Current year's annual calendar

Cal year: Annual calendar for the corresponding year

4. Two ways to change a user's password:

(1) passwd #更改当前用户的密码

(2) sudo passwd username #更改指定用户名下的密码, requires administrator,sudo is used to get administrative privileges

5. Common shortcut keys and commands in the command line:

(1) Ctrl + C #结束在命令行中的程序

(2) Tab key #快速补全, press two times to display the current directory file

(3)ctrl+l #清屏

(4) Ctrl+u #清除当前光标位置以前的内容

(5) Ctrl+k #清除当前光标位置以后的内容

(6) Ctrl+w #清除光标左侧的字段至前一个空格处

(7) Ctrl+y #撤销删除操作

(8) Ctrl + A #光标移动到命令行开始处

(9) Ctrl+e #光标移动到命令行末尾

(ctrl+r) #将自动在命令历史缓存中搜索后面输入的内容

(one) Ctrl+d #快速关闭当前终端

(reboot) #重启

() Shutdown #关机

Shutdown-r now #立即重启

Shutdown-r +5 #5分钟后重启

Shutdown-r #在12点重启

Shutdown-h now #立即关机

Shutdown-h +5 #5分钟后关机

Shutdown-h +5 "This system would shutdown in 5 minutes" #带用户提示

Shutdown-h #在12点关机

Shutdown-c #取消关机操作

cd+ address #更改目录至制定地址, such as Cd/home

　　Cd.. #返回当前目录的上一级目录

cd-#返回到当前目录之前打开的目录

CD #回根目录

PWD #查看当目录

Touch file name #将文件时间修改成当前时间, such as the time to consolidate multiple files

(+)cat file name #查看文件内容

Use of 6.LS instructions:

(1) ls-a #查看当前目录下所有文件, if the document is in front of the hidden file ; Represents the current directory and parent directory, respectively

(2) LS #查看当前目录下可见的文件

(3) Ls-l #显示所有文件及详细信息

The format is:

File types (-for normal files, d for catalog files, b for block device files, c for character device files, L for link files (e.g. shortcuts), p for pipe files, s for socket files)

For example:-rwxrwxrwx,-is a file type, R is readable, W is writable, X is executable, 3 groups, respectively, user, user group, other people's file operation permissions

When you execute a file, the user must have X permission on the file.

Digital

Owner

User groups belonging to

File size (default is bytes, LS-LH can be changed to KB, directory default is 4096 bytes)

Date Modified

Filename

(4) Ls-lt #附加以时间排降序 (if R is added after T, can be changed to ascending)

(5) Ls-r #遍历所有文件目录

7.mkdir for creating directories:

mkdir Directory name #创建目录

Mkdir-p Directory name 1/directory Name 2/directory name 3 #创建多层目录

8. Delete files ( Use caution, easy to trigger program crashes ):

RM file name #只能删除文件, but cannot delete directory

Rm-i file name #会出现提示

Rm-f file name #强制删除

RM-RF Directory name #强制删除目录

9. Move or rename files/directories:

MV File/directory name new File/directory name #重命名文件/directory

MV FileName Directory name #将文件移至目录下

MV File/directory name. #移动至当前目录

10. Copy the file:

CP file name new file name #在当前目录复制文件并重新命名

CP Directory name/new directory name # Note Directory replication to add/

CP -a filename a new file name #复制文件 and retains the original permission and owner

11. View file Information:

Stat file name

12. Program Writing terminal gedit:

Write #! at the beginning of the file /usr/bin/env Python3 #用于指定解释器为python3, which specifies that files can be executed in./File name mode later

Python Learning record--ubuntu (i) basic configuration, shortcut keys, and file Operations Command line