Fdisk operation of the hard disk and partition, enter FDISK on the hard drive operation phase
We can partition the hard drive, if you understand the fdisk-l; through fdisk-l, we can find out the number of drives and the name of the device, such as the above example, we will see two devices one is/dev/hda, the other is/DEV/SDA;
The command format for Fdisk to manipulate the hard disk is as follows:
[[email protected] beinan]# fdisk device
For example, we know through fdisk-l/dev/hda or/DEV/SDA device; If we want to add or delete some partitions, we can use
[Email protected] beinan]# Fdisk/dev/hda
Or
[Email protected] beinan]# FDISK/DEV/SDA
Note In the future example, we should take the/DEV/SDA equipment as an example, to explain how to use Fdisk to manipulate the addition, delete the partition and other actions;
Description of Fdisk
When we go through the FDISK device, into the operation of the corresponding device, we will find the following prompt, taking FDISK/DEV/SDA equipment as an example to the same;
[Email protected] beinan]# FDISK/DEV/SDA
Command (M for help): pressing m here will output the aid;
Command Action
A toggle a bootable flag
b Edit BSD Disklabel
C Toggle the DOS compatibility flag
DDelete a partition note: This is the action of deleting a partition;
LList known partition types Note: L is a list of partition types for us to set the corresponding partition type;
mPrint this menu Note: M is a list of help information;
NAdd a new partition note: Adds a partition;
o Create a new empty DOS partition table
PPrint the partition table Note: P lists the partition table;
QQuit without saving changes Note: Do not save the exit;
s create a new empty Sun Disklabel
TChange a partition ' s system ID Note: T changes the partition type;
U Change display/entry units
V Verify the partition table
WWrite table to disk and exit Note: Write the partition table to the hard disk and exit;
xExtra functionality (experts only) Note: Extended application, expert function;
In fact, we commonly use only the note has the Chinese, other functions we do not commonly used (ah, mainly I will not use, otherwise will show off); X expansion function, is not commonly used, in general, as long as the understanding of D l m p Q t w on the line;
The following example operation to detail, no examples no way, novice also can not understand;
lists the partitions of the current operating hard drive, using the P
Command (M for help): P
disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes
Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders
Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ C W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sda2 806400 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 201568+ Linux
/dev/sda6 200781 Linux
Delete a partition by using the D command of Fdisk
Command (M for help): P Note: Lists the partitioning situation;
disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes
Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders
Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ C W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sda2 806400 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 201568+ Linux
/dev/sda6 200781 Linux
Command (M for help): D Note: perform delete partition designation;
Partition number (1-6): 6 Note: I want to delete Sda6, just enter 6 here;
Command (M for help): P Note: Check the hard disk partition again to see if it was deleted?
disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes
Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders
Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ C W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sda2 806400 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 201568+ Linux
Command (M for help):
Caution: Be careful when deleting partitions, please watch the serial number of the partition, if you delete the extended partition, the logical partition under the extended partition will be deleted; If you know that you are wrong, please do not panic, do not use Q to save the exit; Remember! When the partition operation is wrong, do not enter W Save exit!!!
add a partition by using Fdisk's n instruction
Command (M for help): P
disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes
Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders
Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ C W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sda2 806400 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 201568+ Linux
Command (M for help): N Note: add a partition;
Command Action
L logical (5 or over) Note: Increase the logical partition, the partition number is greater than 5, why is greater than 5, because there are already sda5;
P primary partition (1-4) Note: Add a primary partition, numbering from 1-4, but sda1 and sda2 are occupied, so only starting from 3;
P
Partition number (1-4): 3
No Free Sectors Available Note: Why failed in the failure?
Note: I tried to add a primary partition, which seems to be a failure, why failed? Because we see the main partition + extended partition of the entire disk is exhausted, look at the value of the end of the extended partition, and then see the P output message has the cylinders; it's better to look at the front part;
So we can only add logical partitions.
Command (M for help): N
Command Action
L logical (5 or over)
P primary partition (1-4)
L Note: Enter the "L" here, enter the division of logical partition stage;
First cylinder (51-125, default 51): Note: This is the start value of the partition, it is best to press ENTER directly, if you enter a non-default number, will cause space waste;
Using Default Value 51
Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (51-125, default): +200m Note: This is the definition of partition size, +200m is the size of 200M, of course, you can also according to the unit of P prompt Cylind The size of the ER to calculate, and then to specify the value of end. Look back to see how it is, or use +200m this method to add, this can be intuitive. If you want to add a 10G or so size partition, please enter +10000m;
Command (M for help):
specifying a partition type by using the t instruction of Fdisk
Command (M for help): T Note: Specify the partition type by T;
Partition number (1-6): 6 Note: Which partition type do you want to change? I've assigned 6, which is actually sda6.
Hex code (Type L to list codes): L Note: Enter the L here to see the ID of the partition type;
Hex code (type L to list codes): B Note: If I want this partition to be W95 FAT32 type, by L view I know B is, so I entered B;
Changed system type of partition 6 to B (W95 FAT32) Note: Systematic information, change success, whether it is changed, please use P to view;
Command (M for help): P
disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes
Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders
Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ C W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sda2 806400 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 201568+ Linux
/dev/sda6 201568+ b W95 FAT32
6, the exit of Fdisk, with Q or W
Where q is not saved exit, W is save exit
Command (M for help): W
Or
Command (M for help): Q
Four, an example of adding a partition
In this example we will add two 200M primary partitions, the others are extended partitions, we add two 200M-size logical partitions in the extended partition
Command (M for help): P Note: Lists the partition table;
disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes
Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders
Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (M for help): N Note: Add partition;
Command Action
E Extended
P primary partition (1-4)
P Note: Add primary partition;
Partition number (1-4): 1 Note: add primary partition 1;
First cylinder (1-125, default 1): Note: Direct carriage return, primary partition 1 start position, default is 1, default is good;
Using Default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (1-125, default): +200m Note: Specify the partition size and +200m to specify a size of 200M
Command (M for help): N Note: add a new partition;
Command Action
E Extended
P primary partition (1-4)
P Note: Add primary partition
Partition number (1-4): 2 Note: add primary partition 2;
First cylinder (26-125, default 26):
Using Default Value 26
Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (26-125, default): +200m Note: Specify the partition size and +200m to specify a size of 200M
Command (M for help): N
Command Action
E Extended
P primary partition (1-4)
E Note: Add extended partition;
Partition number (1-4): 3 Note: specified as 3, because the primary partition has been divided by two, this is also the primary partition, starting from 3;
First cylinder (51-125, default 51): Note: direct carriage return;
Using Default Value 51
Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (51-125, default 125): Note: Direct carriage return, all the rest of the space to the extended partition;
Using Default Value 125
Command (M for help): P
disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes
Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders
Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ Linux
/dev/sda2 201600 Linux
/dev/sda3 604800 5 Extended
Command (M for help): N
Command Action
L logical (5 or over)
P primary partition (1-4)
L Note: Add logical partition;
First cylinder (51-125, default 51):
Using Default Value 51
Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (51-125, default): +200m Note: Add a partition with a size of 200M;
Command (M for help): N
Command Action
L logical (5 or over)
P primary partition (1-4)
L Note: Add a logical partition;
First cylinder (76-125, default 76):
Using Default Value 76
Last cylinder or +size or +sizem or +sizek (76-125, default): +200m Note: Add a partition with a size of 200M;
Command (M for help): p lists the partition table;
disk/dev/sda:1035 MB, 1035730944 bytes
Heads, Sectors/track, cylinders
Units = Cylinders of 16128 * 8257536 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/DEV/SDA1 1 201568+ Linux
/dev/sda2 201600 Linux
/dev/sda3 604800 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 201568+ Linux
/dev/sda6 201568+ Linux
Then we change the partition type by the T-command according to the previous.
Finally don't forget W save exitformat the partition and load
First hint; with Mkfs.bfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.jfs mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfatmkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext3 Mkfs.minix mkfs.reiserfs mkfs.xfs such as the command to format the partition, such as I want to format Sda6 for ext3 file system, then input;
[Email protected] beinan]# Mkfs.ext3/dev/sda6
If I want to load Sda6 to the current system to access the file, there should be a mount command, but first you have to build a mount directory, such as/mnt/sda6;
[Email protected] beinan]# Mkdir/mnt/sda6
[Email protected] beinan]# Mount/dev/sda6/mnt/sda6
[Email protected] beinan]# DF-LH
Filesystem capacity used% mount point available
/dev/hda8 11G 8.4G 2.0G 81%/
/dev/shm 236M 0 236M 0%/dev/shm
/DEV/HDA10 16G 6.9G 8.3G 46%/mnt/hda10
/dev/sda6 191M 5.6M 176M 4%/mnt/sda6
So we can get into the/mnt/sda6 directory and access the files.
The Linux fdisk command uses
