Two types of Linux disk partitioning (MBR and GPT) and related introduction

Chen Kozhan

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Typically, our disks are MBR partitioned tables, but MBR disks can only support up to 2T of space, so for more than 2T of space will have to take

Partitioning tables with GPT

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1, hard disk partition: A hard disk can be divided into multiple partitions, each partition is independent of each other, access to each partition is like access to a hard disk together;

2. Partition type:

Standard partition:/, swap, etc.;

Note: /(Root partition) is the equivalent of Windows C drive, which is the system disk, is indispensable. Swap is used to improve the performance of the system, see my other article in detail

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RAID Partition: RAID (redundant array of inexpensive Disks) is called a redundant array of inexpensive disks. The basic idea of RAID is to put multiple

Small disks together, to become a disk group, to achieve or exceed a large capacity, expensive disk.

Therefore, creating two or more two software RAID partitions allows you to create a RAID device.

Physical Volume:

Note:

Physical volume (physical VOLUME,PV): Refers to a hard disk partition or an entire hard disk or a soft raid that has been created, and is the basic storage device for LVM.

Volume group (Volume GROUP,VG): A storage pool consisting of one or more physical volumes that can create one or more logical volumes on a volume group.

Logical Volume (Logical volume,lv): Similar to a hard disk partition in a non-LVM system, it is built on top of a volume group and is a standard block device that can establish a file system on top of a logical volume.

3. Common file System type: How each partition stores data depends on the file system type of each partition

Ext2:

The ext2 file system supports standard Unix file types (regular files, directories, symbolic links, and so on). It supports long files with up to 255 characters

Name

EXT3:

The Ext3 file system, based on the ext2 file system, has one of the main benefits-the logging feature (journaling). File systems that use logging can reduce

The time it took to recover the file system after the crash because it did not need to execute the fsck command on the file system.

EXT4:

EXT4 is a series of improvements based on the ext3 file system, with more new features in the file system, including for larger file systems and larger text

, faster and more efficient disk space allocation, unlimited subdirectories in a directory, faster file system checks, and more powerful logging capabilities.

The Ext4 file system is the default option and we strongly recommend that you use it.

Xfs:

XFS is a highly flexible and high-performance file system that supports up to 16EB (approximately 16 million TB) file systems with up to 8EB files (

Approximately 8 million TB) and the directory structure contains tens. XFS supports metadata journaling, which improves the speed of crash recovery. The XFS file system can also be

Clear disk fragmentation and redefine the size in case of mount and activation.

Vfat

The VFAT file system is a Linux file system that is compatible with long Microsoft Windows filenames in the FAT file system.

4. Zoning naming conventions:

Identity	Description
The first two letters in the logo	Indicates the type of hard disk on which this partition resides. Commonly used HD refers to IDE hard disk, SD refers to SCSI hard disk
The third letter in the identity	Indicates which hard disk this partition is on. For example: HDA is the first IDE hard disk, HDB is the second IDE hard disk, SDC is Three SCSI hard disks, and so on.
Number in the identity	The number represents the order of partitions in the hard disk. The number 1-4 represents the primary or extended partition, 5 The above represents a logical partition. For example: Hda3 the third primary or extended partition on the first IDE hard disk, SDB5 is the fifth logical partition on the second SCSI hard drive

Two types of Linux disk partitioning (MBR and GPT) and related introduction