UBUNTU one-sentence skills-getting started with Linux (for beginners)

UBUNTU one-sentence skills-getting started with Linux (for beginners) view the installation content of software xxx dpkg-L xxx find the software apt-cache search Regular Expression find which package dpkg-S filename apt-file search filename query software xxx depends on which packages apt-cache depends xxx queries which packages of the software xxx depend on apt-cache rdepends xxx to add a CD source sudo apt-cdrom add system upgrade sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get dist -upgrade -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- automatic processing of hware is missing during compilation. sudo auto-apt Run. /configure: view the temporary storage directory of the downloaded package when installing the software. ls/var/cache/apt/archives: Back up the list of all packages installed in the current system. dpkg -- get-selections | grep-v deinstall> ~ /Somefile restore all packages from the list file of the preceding backup installation package dpkg -- set-selections clear old software cache sudo apt-get autoclean clear all software caches sudo apt-get clean Delete System no longer used isolated software sudo apt-get autoremove kernel view kernel uname-a view ubuntu version cat/etc/issue view kernel loaded module lsmod view PCI device lspci view Nic status sudo ethtool eth0 view USB device lausb view cpu information vat/proc/cpuinfo view current hardware information Lshw ← view hard disk partition sudo fdisk-l view IDE Hard Disk information sudo hdparm-I/dev/hda view sata hard Disk information sudo hdparm-I/dev/sda or sudo apt-get install blktool sudo blktool dev/sda id viewing hard disk is better than space df-hdf-H viewing directory space occupied du-hs directory the name of the USB flash drive cannot be detached from syncfuser-km/media/usbdisk to view the current memory usage free-l memory to view the current process ps-A to kill A process (that is, the first column in ps-). number or killall process name) force a process to be killed (when the above method fails) kill-9 process number or killall-9 process name view the real-time status of the current process top view the file opened by the process lsof-p configure ADSLsudo pppoeconf ADSL Manual dialing sudo pon dsl-provider to activate ADSLsudo/ etc/ppp/pppoe_on_boot disconnect ADSLsudo poff view dialing log sudo plog view NIC address atping IP address view current IP address sudo ifconfig eth0 | awk '/inet addr/{split ($2, x ,":"); print x [2]} 'view the IP address w3m-no-cookie-dump ip.loveroot.com | grep-o' [0-9] \ {1, 3 \}\. [0-9] \ {1, 3 \}\. [0-9] \ {1, 3 \}\. [0-9] \ {1, 3: 80 Tib view the physical address of the current Nic sudo arp-a | awk '{print $4}' sudo ifconfig eth0 | head-1 | awk '{print $5}' immediately enable the network support nat sudo echo 1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forwardsudo iptables-t nat-I POSTROUTING-j MASQUERADE to view route information netstat-rnsudo route-n manually add and delete a route sudo route add-net 192.168.0.0netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 255.route del-net 192.168.0.0netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.0.1 how to modify the nic mac address sudo ifconfig eth0 down # disable sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00: AA: BB: CC: DD: EE # and then change the address sudo ifconfig eth0 up # then start the NIC configure Add a service sudo update-rc.d service name defaults 99 delete a service sudo update-rc.d service name remove temporarily restart a service/etc/init. d/service name restart temporarily closes a service/etc/init. d/service name stop configuration default Java use which sudo update-alternatives -- config java modify user information sudo chfn userid to apt set proxy export http_proxy = http://xx.xx.xx.xx: xxx modify system logon information sudo vim/etc/motd convert the file name from GBK to UTF8sudo apt-get install convmvconvmv-r-f cp936-t utf8 -- notest -- nosmart * to quickly find a file whereis filenamefind directory-name file name View file type file filename displays the last 6 lines of the xxx file tail-n 6 xxx