Looking for a super enterprise: Where are the hundreds of billions of market companies

The listing of Alibaba's New York Stock Exchange has faded out of sight, and the topic of the company's market capitalisation over its ranking of Tencent and Baidu is far from over in the internet industry. If we extend our vision to the Internet and expand beyond China, we will find that the geographical and industrial distribution of high-value companies – especially "super companies" with a market capitalisation of more than hundreds of billions of dollars – contains passwords for a range of issues, such as industrial Revolution, industrial change, economic development, and national rise.

As of September 2014, a total of 69 billion dollars above the market capitalisation of super companies, mainly in the United States, Europe, the three major economies. The United States, in particular, accounts for nearly half of the total number of super companies in 33. Europe, the birthplace of the industrial Revolution, followed, with 21 seats – but mostly manufacturing companies, and none of the new-it and internet-industry companies were among the "super clubs". In the third China, there are 9 big crocodiles among hundreds of billions of dollars in market capitalisation, in addition to Taiwan's TSMC, the remaining 8 mainland enterprises, 6 of the Central enterprise giants-Mobile, PetroChina and the four major state-owned commercial banks, the other two are the internet "upstart", Tencent and Alibaba.

To some extent, such a super corporate Atlas is the epitome and projection of global economic competitiveness.

1. The United States: 200 Years of glory and dream

List all the world's 100 billion dollar market capitalisation, the United States with more than 30 unrivaled Yune (around 70 around the world market capitalisation of hundreds of billions of dollars), Europe, China, two or three. From the average age of billions of companies can be seen clearly, the United States, Europe, China's economic development showed three echelon.

From the start of the Bank of America's Massachusetts Bank in 1784 to the 2004 Facebook Web site, the United States during this 220-year period, the average interval of 6 years will emerge a foothold in the global market, change the social organization model, innovation in human life, market capitalisation Chi other great enterprises.

By statistics, the average age of hundreds of billions of companies in the United States is close to a century, which coincides with America's economic leading position for a century. Since the United States began to surpass Britain in 1894, becoming the world's first industrial power, the throne of the world's first power has not been replaced.

Among the hundreds of billions of companies in the US, the 14 that were born in 19th century, such as Procter and Gamble, Johnson, Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, PHILIP Morris Tobacco, General Electric, Exxon Mobil, and so on, are vaguely visible from the list, the Golden age of industrialisation and consumption. In the late 19th century, it was at the end of the civil and civil wars in the United States, during which the United States fully completed the transition from an agricultural country to an industrial country in 1884, and overtook Britain in 1894 to become the world's first industrial power. On the eve of the First World War in 1914, the U.S. paper, chemical, oil industry, automobiles have formed a giant industry.

In addition, the economic boom, the full employment of Americans and the rising level of material levels, Rockefeller became the first billionaire in the United States, 1914 national income per capita has reached 567 U.S. dollars. In the 1914, the United States was the world's largest provider of products and services, with an annual gross output of more than three major United Kingdom, German and French belligerents. Comprehensive industrialization and the formation of a consumer society, for the United States hundreds of billions of market value enterprises laid the soil of growth.

Another climax of America's billions of market capitalisation is the rise of it giants such as Intel, Microsoft, Apple, Oracle, Cisco, Qualcomm and Google since the 1970s. If the second Industrial Revolution, the United States and Germany rival, then the third 20th century Industrial Revolution (information revolution), the United States is an absolute global leader. These billions of companies in the United States have led the human society from the industrial age to the information age. According to statistics, in 20th century, the global GNP increased by more than 20 times, the contribution of scientific and technological progress from the early 20th century to increase the number of 60~70%.

In addition to manufacturing and it industries, the US financial sector, represented by billions of market giants such as Bank of America, Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup and Berkshire Hathaway, is the world's leading. It is the American capital market that pushes America to complete its industrialization wave, expands the economic benefits that the United States gained in the two World War, and helps to realize the successful transition of the United States to the new economy after the 1980s. For now, the United States still has the most developed capital markets in the world's financial system, accounting for 50% of global capital markets, "without Wall Street, there is no glory for America".

2. Europe: Glory fades into the past

The history of Europe's hundreds of billions of companies can be traced back to the 1366 Belgian brewery, the most "senior" company in the market. Subsequently, 1688 Germany Merck Company was founded, 1715 British GlaxoSmithKline Company was founded ... Thus, the 16th century great sailing era laid the beginning of the rise of European capitalism, prompting the European political and economic units into? Structural change, geographical expansion of the European continent and the world for the first time to achieve integration, the global market began to form.

In Europe, the list of hundreds of billions of market capitalisation, advanced manufacturing (automobile, machinery, bio-pharmaceutical manufacturing, etc.) occupy a large proportion. For example, Germany Volkswagen, Daimler, Siemens, France, Connaught, Switzerland Novartis, British GlaxoSmithKline and so on. Currently, European manufacturing accounts for about 20% of GDP. Europe as the birthplace of the first industrial Revolution, its advanced manufacturing industry has been leading the global manufacturing trend, is really strong "high value manufacturing" level of the world's factory. "High value manufacturing" refers to the application of advanced technology and expertise to create sustainable growth and high economic value potential of products, production processes and related services.

New era, Europe still will be advanced manufacturing industry as the core of national competitiveness. The German government proposed "industry 4.0", which is "High-tech Strategy 2020" one of the top ten future projects, is considered to be the steam engine widely used as the symbol of the first industrial Revolution, the second industrial Revolution marked by electrification and the third industrial Revolution marked by automation, The fourth industrial Revolution, led by intelligent manufacturing. "Industry 4.0" covers a wide range of manufacturing, service and industrial design, designed to develop new business models.

Unfortunately, there are no IT companies in Europe's billions of market-listed companies. Internet without Borders, the United States Internet has dominated the Internet field in Europe and America, the glory of the European nautical era seems to have gradually gone.

3. China: The power of the central enterprises

The average age of China's hundreds of billions of companies in 38, just confirms the brilliant achievements since the 1978 reform and Opening-up. Since 1978, China's annual GDP growth rate reached 9.6%, the total economic output from 1978 to the 2nd in 2013, the total import and export accounted for the proportion of World trade from 1978 23rd to 2013 2nd.

China has a total of 8 companies in the market value of billions of dollars, respectively, China Mobile, Alibaba, PetroChina, Tencent Holdings, ICBC, Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank, Bank of China.

Unlike the developed countries, the state-owned enterprises are the important basis of our national economy, and the reform of the state-owned enterprise has played a very important role in the process of China's economic reform since reform and opening-up. In the 30-year reform of state-owned enterprises, the traditional state-owned enterprises have been criticized for the rigid planned economic system gradually disintegrated, China's state-owned enterprises reform is an irreversible trend.

It is particularly worth mentioning that since 2003, state-owned enterprises, especially the central enterprise began to enter the merger and reorganization and listing of the capital Operation Track, the capitalization process began to accelerate. Thus, the state-owned enterprises in PetroChina, Sinopec, China Mobile, etc. into the world's top ten most profitable business list.

4. The market value of hundreds of billions of enterprises

Hundreds of billions of market value industry distribution is very concentrated, IT, finance, biomedicine, energy, chemical, retail fast Five industries have accounted for 85% of the number. As the current pillar of the world economy, the five major industries, with enough space and soil to nurture these big enterprises.

Further down the line, you will find that the "five Golden Flower" in the four--finance, biomedical, energy, chemical, retail fast-moving industry is facing growing pains. Because most of the hundreds of billions of companies already occupy a large share of global market share, and even reached a partial saturation, began to encounter growth ceiling. Scroll statistics, in the past 50 years, the world has not bred a top car, aircraft, machinery, petroleum, chemical and other top multinational companies. The traditional industry pattern has been set, the monopoly giant has divided the market share, the existing pattern of the industry is difficult to break through endogenous growth.

However, compared with the traditional industry slightly lonely situation, thanks to the global information Internet wave, e-commerce, social networks and other Internet applications high-speed expansion, the global IT market is booming. For example, the Nasdaq index, which is the core of IT companies, has risen by more than 50% per cent from January 2013 to September 2014, and has even reached a 5,000-point historical high in the 2000 global dotcom bubble. The United States Apple, Google, Amazon and other enterprises continue to maintain the industry leader status, China Alibaba, Tencent and other enterprises rely on the domestic huge user groups, come from behind, now also into the world's first echelon of the Internet.

In the global IT industry under the appearance of the overall boom, the industry's internal fission and differentiation is taking place. According to the total market capitalisation, it can be found that it internet enterprises, consumer electronics and other consumer-oriented Terminal Services to become IT industry "crown jewel", while the upstream enterprise ――it Hardware Semiconductor is in the industry market value downstream, enterprise-class applications of traditional software service providers IBM, Oracle, and so on, can no longer repeat the glory of the absolute leader in IT industry at the end of last century.

The change of market value in IT industry reflects the trend of the IT industry facing the main body from the enterprise consumption to the individual consumption, and also reflects the migration tendency of it internet to the mobile interconnection terminal. It industry's focus is shifted from the basic technology platform to various application platforms, IT industry has entered the new era of innovation, social networks, electricity dealers, large data, etc. represent the future wind direction of the global IT industry.