Multi-province Evacuation village enclosure intended for land finance landless peasants were upstairs

An action to let farmers "go upstairs" is being carried out in more than 20 provinces and cities nationwide. All over the same goal: the Farmer's homestead reclamation, with increased arable land in exchange for urban construction land indicators. Their common policy is based on the increase or decrease of urban and rural construction land.　　According to the survey, the policy was used by local governments, "distorted", evolved into a new enclosure movement. Many provinces and cities are "withdrawing the village" in exchange for construction land, the use of policy loopholes to expand the finance; the loss of homestead farmers "was upstairs" September 15, Shandong Zhucheng Zhi Gou Two village, a farmer in the rubble to eat lunch. He was sorting out the construction waste that day, looking for usable materials.　　This reporter Air to let farmers "upstairs" action, is more than 20 provinces and cities nationwide.　　Many villages are disappearing from China's vast expanse of land, and countless farmers are being "taken upstairs". All over the same goal: the Farmer's homestead reclamation, with increased arable land in exchange for urban construction land indicators.　　Their common policy is based on the increase or decrease of urban and rural construction land. Reporter investigation found that the policy was used by local governments, "misinterpreted" as a new way to make a wealth. Some places to break the target range, even without indicators and "hook", contrary to the wishes of farmers, strong demolition of dwellings to take away the homestead.　　evolved into a new enclosure movement. The value-added income after the transformation of homestead is taken away by power and capital "collusion".　　Farmers live in the chosen "new countryside" and lead a "new life".　　Experts pointed out that this is a plundering of the countryside, forcing farmers to go upstairs and large-scale abolition of the village, not only against the spirit of the rule of law, the rural society will also bring huge negative impact.　　October, walking in Shandong, Hebei, Anhui and other places, will find some high-rise residential areas in the countryside.　　Langfang, Hebei Province in 2006 was named the village of ecological civilization of the Dong household village, now has become a ruins, a large section of newly repaired village under the forklift collapsed, just repaired the "village Pass" Cement Road was leveled. Shandong Zhucheng City abolished the establishment of the administrative village, 1249 villages, merged into 208 rural communities.　　All 700,000 farmers in Zhucheng will leave their villages and relocate to the community area.　　Today, such as Zhucheng "demolition of villages and Habitat", is in the country more than 20 provinces and cities.　　At the International Forum on "Urban and rural Integration: Trends and Challenges", held in Haikou in August this year, Chen, deputy leader of the central rural Work leadership group, pointed out that the large-scale village retreat and movement in peacetime was "ancient and modern, unprecedented". Earlier this year, during the two sessions, Chen pointed out that in this campaign to let the farmers go up the movement behind, the essence is to use the rural construction to the town, make the village splinters, if not effectively curb, "I am afraid to have a big event."　　"Demolition of the village and the tide around the vast scale of the demolition of the village movement, playing a variety of banner, such as urban and rural planning, new rural construction, the old village transformation, small urbanization and so on."　　There are also corresponding policies to introduce, such as "Village Change Society", "Homestead Change", "land for Social Security" and so on. All over the planning, to be in a very short term, the rural areas of the "big change", residential buildings.　　This kind of sports enthusiasm, and provinces and cities to the Ministry of Land and Resources (hereinafter called Land Ministry) a policy of "welcome" closely related: urban and rural construction land increase or decrease linked.　　April 2006, Shandong, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Hubei, Sichuan Five provinces and cities by the Ministry of Land as Urban and rural construction land increase or decrease linked to the first batch of pilot.　　The Ministry of Land in June 2008 promulgated the "Urban and rural construction land increase or decrease linkage management measures" (hereinafter referred to as the increase and decrease linkage method), 2008, 2009 Ministry of Homeland and approved the 19 provinces to add or subtract linkage pilot. According to the documents of the Ministry of Land, "increase or decrease linkage" refers to the area of the rural construction land plots (i.e. demolition of the old plots) and the plots to be used for the construction of the town (i.e. the new plots), which are to be reclaimed for arable land. In the project area to ensure the balance of all types of land, the ultimate realization of increasing the effective area of arable land ... Save intensive use of construction land, urban and rural land layout more reasonable goal.　　"That is, the rural construction land and urban construction land directly linked to, if the rural rehabilitation construction land increased farmland, cities and towns can correspondingly increase the corresponding area of construction land." The policy has been warmly welcomed by local governments, and various provinces and municipalities have set up a land consolidation team led by leading leaders.　　Corresponding local policies, measures have been introduced, the purpose is clear: let the farmers go upstairs, save the homestead reclamation, in exchange for urban construction land indicators. Last year, Hebei proposed to carry out rural "new residential" projects in the province.　　According to the introduction, "New residential" and Shandong "Village Change Society", are in the framework of increase or decrease in construction land indicators.　　According to the Department of Land and Resources in Hebei province, by 2012, conservative estimates, the new residential projects will increase the construction of the province more than 500,000 acres.　　Land finance "Straw" in the urban and rural construction land increase or decrease, the local government tasted the benefits of land finance, all in the hard "look for" land. In recent years, the contradiction between farmland protection and economic development in China has developed to a very sharp degree.　　How to "Find the land" has become the primary task of the Land Department. In Hebei province, for example, 2009 need to add about 210,000 acres, but the national index of 170,000 acres.　　How to fill the gap of 40,000 acres, become Hebei investment project landing problem.　　"Add or Subtract link" once promulgated, immediately become all over the land bottleneck of the "golden Key." Urban and rural construction land increase or decrease linkage, must obtain approval from the Ministry of Land, the corresponding turnover indicators can be carried out.　　The target is "borrow", in 3 years will be reclaimed farmland "return".　　According to media reports, last March, Hebei, Liaoning and other 13 provinces, the Ministry of Land, the new "turnover index" 152,750 Mu, the Ministry of Land and the second, the third batch of indicators issued.　　The application of Hebei to 12,000 mu of index has become an effective way to solve the land gap. Shandong Feicheng Land and Resources bureau director Huang said, Feicheng annual use of land demand 3000 to 4000 mu, the annual Land index of only 400 to 500 acres. He said: "If not add or subtract the pilot, I this Land and resources system ' production Captain ' really embarrassed." "Shandong Zhucheng City Land Reserve Center director An Wenfeng said, will farmers all concentrated residence, conservative estimate, Zhucheng will vacate 80,000 mu Jiuzhai base."　　Through the land differential, the government's land income is 200 million or 300 million yuan each year. The farmers were taken out of the homestead according to the pilot management method of the Ministry of Land, increase or decrease linkage is prohibited against the farmers will, large demolition Dajian.　　However, in some places, the demolition of houses, forcing farmers to "go upstairs" case, has occurred.　　Management method requires, in the rural construction land reclamation potential area of the pilot, in reality, regardless of the actual situation, "one-size-Fits-all" demolition and village practices, is very common. The management approach also requires that farmers be properly compensated and resettled, and that the proceeds be returned to the countryside, "to be used for rural and infrastructure construction".　　But in some places, the government has taken away the benefits of the homestead and even asked the farmers to pay for the buildings.　　In Jiangsu Province, Pizhou Dam head village, the village was the whole demolition, the local construction of dozens of intensive farmers apartment, to the villagers replenishment price purchase. Due to the purchase of compensation for the full area of the building, dam head Village 35-Year-old woman Xu Shunling last October suicide.　　This January, local forced farmers upstairs, more than 10 people were wounded in hospital.　　This January 18, dam head Village villager Wang Sumei told reporters that her husband was injured by demolition team, and then the village cadres pulled to the lake to sign immediately, otherwise chenhu.　　In the near future, there have been violent incidents of beatings of farmers in Shandong. In addition to being asked to hand over homestead, in the future, farmers to obtain homestead, will become a problem. In many parts of the country, homestead on the building no longer authorized to move "brick", nor another batch of homestead.　　If the villagers have housing needs, the housing needs to replace the building. Farmers who have lost their homestead will also face changes in their life and production patterns.　　For farmers who have long been engaged in agricultural production, the increasing cost of living and the inconvenience of farming become the most realistic problems. The linkage is "helpless choice" China Agricultural University professor Shing participated in the "increase or decrease linkage method" of the formulation work.　　He believes that the Ministry of Land to carry out this pilot is also a helpless choice. "Economic development land to ensure that arable land and food security also to ensure that space is so large, land so much, how to solve?"　　"Shing said, after a variety of comparative choice, increase or decrease the link is more effective solution."　　2004, the State Council "on deepening the reform of strict land management decision" put forward "to encourage the construction land consolidation, urban construction land increase to be linked to the reduction of rural construction land." 2006, the Ministry of Land identified the first batch of urban and rural construction land increase or decrease linkage pilot province.　　At the end of 2008, after the National 4 trillion economic stimulus package was introduced, the Ministry of Land also launched a series of systems, the most important of which is to increase the urban and rural construction land to add or subtract the index of turnover. Yunyang Venzu, deputy director of the Land Consolidation Center of the Ministry of Homeland, said that the large-scale "lending" turnover index, is the Ministry of Homeland Strategy, is to deal with the last two yearsGround pressure and many unpredictable factors.　　In July this year, in Dalian, the Bureau of Land and Resources Secretary of the meeting, Ministry of land Minister anticipating said that to solve the local economic development of land needs of the urgent problem, one of the main ways is to increase or decrease the link pilot.　　Ministry of Homeland officials at the symposium reported that the increase or decrease in the link to a certain extent to meet the local economic development brought about by land demand. "There is no way to do it."　　Yang Chongguang, chief advisor to the Law Center of the Ministry of Land, told the media that to maintain macroeconomic development, the demand for land must be strained.　　June 26 This year, the Ministry of Land, the General Planning Division Hu Cunzhi in the "China Real Estate 2010 Summer Summit" revealed that through the increase or decrease linked to, about 27 million acres of rural construction land, will be included in urban construction land. As of the end of June this year, the Ministry of Land has approved a new increase or decrease of the linkage pilot phase III 18 projects.　　In contrast to Phase I and Phase II, the Ministry of National territory has issued a turnover indicator to the province, where the province determines that the pilot project is approved by the Department of Lands.　　"The loophole must be blocked." At the end of May this year, 9 research groups in the Ministry of Land carried out rapid research on the existing 24 pilot provinces, and found many problems. The pilot requested the indicator "three years to return", so that by the end of 2009, the first batch of pilot turnover indicators should have been fully returned.　　But the first batch of pilot only demolished 55,800 acres of old reclamation, accounting for the issuance of turnover index of 80%.　　At a ministerial working meeting in June, Ministry of Homeland minister anticipating said that in the current linkage pilot, there are still places to carry out the link outside the approval pilot, as well as the violation of the provisions of the cross-county transfer use turnover indicators.　　Anticipating again stressed that the increase or decrease in the land differential benefits, to be returned to improve rural production and living conditions.　　Shaoyun, Deputy chief engineer of Land Reconnaissance Institute of the Ministry of Lands, said to the media, in the use of the index of increase or decrease, there are some loopholes, put the cart before the horse, leading to local governments to obtain construction land indicators for the sole purpose, "such a loophole must be blocked." At the beginning of 2008, the State Council issued a notice, demanding strict implementation of the rural collective construction land laws and policies.　　Among them institutes concern, some local use increase or decrease link pilot, unauthorized expansion of construction land.　　Reporters around the survey also found that some places to use the "hook" policy, again occupied arable land, and expand the scope of construction land. At the meeting in June, anticipating stressed that the next round of turnover indicators will be used as one of the provincial annual land planning indicators, integrated into the local land use planning unified management.　　The turnover indicator can no longer be used as a "pie in the Sky". Premier Wen Jiabao once said, "on the land issue, we must not make a historical error that cannot be corrected, Shan future generations."　　"This is Wen Jiabao 2007 to ensure that 1.8 billion acres of farmland Red Line said a word."　　For the local circle to take the peasant homestead, big demolition of residential practices, the central Rural work leadership group deputy leader Chen in this year's two sessions to "slam the brakes." In the next "Twelve-Five" period, how toUnder the premise of safeguarding the interests of farmers, the real urban and rural development will be a serious issue facing the government. Case Shandong Zhucheng "one knife excision" village 1249 villages of the whole city merged into the 208个万 community; The government is expected to land income 2,300,000,009 months a year 16th, the Zhucheng wall community, two farmers sitting near their courtyard.　　Not far away, the building where the farmers should concentrate is under construction.　　September 15 afternoon, Zhucheng Western community Farmers Wang Su before, holding a sickle from the third floor of the housing out.　　He found his car in a corridor packed with farm cars, ready to work two kilometres away. This is a newly built building.　　5 Building 6 floors, with a small square. 81 villagers from the western community of Orange Ditch moved here in early September. They lived in two villages two kilometers away, each with nearly 200 square meters of courtyard houses.　　Now their original homes have been razed, and the vacated homestead will reclaim wheat this autumn. Nearly 70-year-old Wang Su before a few, he heard people say that the country has policies, more than an acre of farmland in rural areas, will be awarded 200,000 yuan. What he doesn't understand is that a good courtyard is demolished and a new building is built, "is it not a waste of money?"　　"Not settlement Wang Su before, thought the village is in defrauding state funds." What he did not know was that the entire Zhucheng would be "village change". Although everyone's peasant status is unchanged, they will move into the building.　　The increase in construction land will enable the government to have a revenue of 200 million or 300 million yuan a year.　　"Demolition Village" to create 208 "million people village" Wang Su before their buildings, only the town of the Western community concentrated residential phase one project. September 16, on the opposite side of the plot, the community planning map is marked with nearly hundred high-rise residential.　　In the future, villagers from the 5 villages merged in the community will be relocated. This June, Zhucheng announced that all 1249 administrative villages in the city had been abolished and 208 rural communities had been established.　　Each community has a radius of 2 km, covering 5 villages, about 1500 households, nearly million people.　　Each community is populated by the government to build community service centers, as well as kindergartens, the elderly activities room. September 15, 20 km east of the Zhucheng district, the rice ditch community, a field of farmland stands up four 4-storey building.　　This is the community's recently built centralized residential, the community of residents do not have a family to live in.　　Next to the Rice Ditch Community Service Center, a map posted on the bulletin board shows that the community will build more than 20 buildings over 5 floors. The same day, Zhucheng Yang Jia Zhuang zi community, a member of the staff, the Community plan to build 98,000 square meters of housing, total input is expected to more than 90 million yuan, now the first phase of the project has been completed.　　After the completion of the community, will absorb the surrounding 4 villages all farmers.　　Now in the central village of the Zhucheng rural community, the most conspicuous is the building site being built. September 16, Zhucheng Wall Community, Dasing community, rice ditch community, Red Star community and other fields are starting to build residential buildings, with 5 floors, of which the Red Star communityThe top 12 floors of residential buildings.　　The villagers surveyed said that the villages were now mobilizing for relocation.　　Walking in the countryside of Zhucheng, most of the village is the yellow wall red tile, a row of the courtyard arrangement is very neat. September 16, Zhucheng Big Sinjung Community villager Li Baoju said, Zhucheng now uniform village Residence, after 3 times rural planning formed.　　In such a village, there is basically no waste of space.　　September 17, Zhucheng Propaganda Department Deputy Minister Wang Shuwei admitted that other places "hollow village" phenomenon, in Zhucheng does not exist.　　However, these neat villages, the future will face the fate of demolition.　　According to the introduction, Zhucheng has 78 communities started building residential buildings, the number reached nearly thousand buildings, completed can accommodate 18,000 households. At the end of this year, there will be more than million residents living in the buildings.　　Their original homestead will be demolished reclamation. "Forced" farmers were "beaten" upstairs Wang Subai is one of the villagers who agreed to live in the building.　　His original homestead is 178 square meters, but 4 houses have been in disrepair for years.　　The village to encourage the relocation, every villager regardless of the original house old and new size, are equally compensated: a set of 80 square meters of housing and a 15 square meters of warehouse. September 15, Wang Subai said, the village agreed to relocate the majority of the people.　　Some of the dilapidated villagers and long-term migrant workers, willing to go upstairs to live.　　There are some villagers in the village do not want to live in the building, the village cadres said to them, more than 70% villagers agreed, only "a minority to the majority." Now, in the Orange Ditch two village of the old village, there are Su, Zhu, Guo San households adhere to.　　The three households, two of whom had just renovated their homes, were unwilling to receive the same compensation, while the other had four generations living in 8 rooms and moving into a 80-square-metre house. Wang Subai said that when the original demolition, the village cadres mobilized said before September 7 moved, free of a year heating costs, we began to move.　　Later, the village was cut off and the rest of the household had to move.　　September 16, Shandong Zhucheng Red Star Community villagers Zhou Hongfa took out more than 100 of the villagers ' submissions, a letter: "Resolutely do not demolish the bungalow, high-rise".　　On that day, the villagers red heinous face Scar said, August 22, the village Secretary Zhou Jinfa led 82 people forcibly to the villagers fruit trees, poplar cut off, they stepped forward to block, many villagers were wounded. In the north of the Red Star community, a 12-storey high-rise residential building is under construction.　　Zhou Hongfa said the villagers will be placed on the top three floors, the remaining rooms for sale. According to the introduction, from this year onwards, Zhucheng provisions of the old homestead on the village no longer move brick, also do not grant new homestead.　　Villagers want to live in a new house, they will take their own homestead to change the building.　　A villager surnamed Li said that the village has not yet been forcibly relocated, but the original village is no longer built and will certainly move up the stairs in the future. "Benefits" of the market value of 80,000 acres to expect in Zhucheng farmers Wang Subai eyes, the city to build a large-scale building is not realistic, "the government has so much money building?" "He did not know, behind this, that the local government had another economicAccounts。 September 17, Zhucheng Propaganda Center director Guo Sheng said that Zhucheng mainly to the city's financial investment to build community buildings, will rely on urban and rural construction land increase or decrease linked to more rural land, the city corresponding to more land for construction.　　Funds for community construction will be make from the increased construction land.　　According to the Weifang Daily report, Zhucheng, director of the Land Reserve center An Wenfeng said that if farmers all moved to the community center village to live, conservative estimates, will release 80,000 acres of old homestead reclaimed farmland. Next, they will take the urban and rural construction land increase or decrease hook pilot as the hand, the annual reclamation of the old village site 4300 Mu, the annual savings will reach 3000 acres of construction land indicators.　　The income of the land is 200 million or 300 million yuan each year. September 16, Zhucheng, a request for anonymity officials said, in order to facilitate the implementation of the pilot 建新 demolition of the old project area set, 2007 Zhucheng adjustment of administrative divisions, retreat and township, the 23 towns withdrew and 13, township average area widened nearly one times. In addition, three street offices in Zhucheng City merged 3 townships in the suburbs, extending nearly 20 kilometers to the countryside.　　The extension of these three street offices extends the area of Zhucheng area to 68 square kilometres.　　Zhucheng will also be on the rural land of new residential buildings, a part of the external sale. September 17, the staff of the wall Community sales office, the community built more than 3,900 sets of residential, will be provided to the community has just merged into the walls of the five villages a total of more than 1100 households.　　The rest of the house will be sold externally, but without title.　　It is understood that a number of community buildings after the land change procedures, non-agricultural household account personnel can also be purchased later. As for the collective construction land circulation, the current law still is the restriction and the prohibition sex stipulation.　　The Land Administration Act stipulates that the use of collective land shall not be transferable, transferred or leased for non-agricultural construction. Some experts believe that the use of increase or decrease linked to the replacement of the construction of land, such as commercial development, still need to land expropriation procedures, pay the lease can become state-owned.　　Otherwise, the market can not be traded. September 16, in the Orange ditch West Community, a building in the community as a small property to sell the house, about 1500 yuan per square meter.　　The majority of those who buy a house are the teachers and merchants of the town of Zhi Gou.　　"Change" was made "new life" it is understood that the Zhucheng government in order to attract villagers to move quickly, the introduction of preferential policies, if a demolition can be more than 30 acres of land, then the residents of an acre of residential homestead subsidy standard will reach 200,000 yuan.　　According to the current building per square metre of about 1100 yuan Price, the villagers basically do not have to pay, can exchange 120 square meters of room.　　Still, the difficulty of persuading farmers to live upstairs is not small. Today, the demolition of the wall community is less than one-tenth, the occupancy of the building is only more than 80 households.　　September 17, Wall community villagers said, to let the villagers live into the building, compensation scheme can not be across, the villagers homestead building, but also to come up with compensation standards. According to Wang Subai said, they replace the housing, no homestead certificate, there is no house certificate. There is only one collective land certificate. He said, to run the property certificate,A further 20,000 yuan will be required for each household. "Without cattle and livestock, cooking is warm and no firewood is allowed."　　"On September 15, a rough estimate was made before the Wang Su, which cost at least $5000 a year for residential buildings." Wang Subai said, after living into the building water, electricity, gas, warm all need to pay.　　Now there is no property in the district, moved to less than half a month, the yard leftovers litter, in the future to ask the property company still need money. According to Wang Subai, live into the community of the villagers, a large half a month to basically did not go to a few kilometers of land to do farm work, he felt "not a leg of mud upstairs." -Reporter Air