People's Daily: three questions about low-rent housing construction

In the next 3 years, we plan to solve the housing difficulties of 7.47 million low-income families through the Low-rent house system. Around the main problems facing low-rent housing construction, reporter carried out a survey--low-rent housing Construction Three questions (People's view) Low-rent housing is the cornerstone of China's current residential security system, the next 3 years to improve the people's livelihood and stimulate domestic demand for the purpose of the housing project, our country will be through the Low-cost rental system to solve the 7.47 million low-income families of low income In the context of low-rent housing construction into the fast lane, what is the change in the security idea? What are the choices that have been made around the key differences in safeguards? Are there any more solutions to the bottlenecks that have plagued the construction of low-rent housing for a long time?　　Reporter recently in Beijing, Qingdao, Xiamen, Wuhan, Chongqing and other cities conducted a survey--① building or subsidies? There are pros and cons to the physical distribution and rent subsidy, which should be the main guarantee of low-rent housing, a long-standing controversy?　　Under the dual objective of improving people's livelihood and coping with the growth of the crisis, the balance gradually incline to the former-house is difficult to find, the physical distribution gradually into the mainstream Qingdao Shibei District and Sifang District Junction, 6 "shaped" change caused by the low-rent housing community, the blind Yang Jingbin a three and another 430 low-income families have lived in this for more than two years. "We have been subsidized for a while, about three hundred or four hundred yuan a month, have not rented the right house, moved several times home." "Yang Jingbin said. Now live 43 square meters of a room and a hall, only pay 46 yuan a month rent.　　Living in the house now, we are very safe in our hearts.　　From the rent subsidy mainly to the physical distribution of rent-oriented, in the Qingdao 3 years of new round of affordable housing construction, Low-cost rental protection mode has made a significant adjustment. 2008, Qingdao City four districts through the way of physical distribution, the settlement of more than 9,400 low-income families of housing difficulties, accounting for 3 years of total planning of 35,000 households 27%.　　2009 This figure will rise to 12900 households, the real distribution rate will reach 64%. At present, the standard of low-rent rental subsidy in Qingdao is 18 yuan per square metre each month, which is not low in the whole country. Compared with the physical distribution, rent subsidy is easy to operate, and the government can save a lot of land and funds which need to be invested in physical construction.　　Why does physical distribution become mainstream? Qingdao, deputy director of the Land and Housing Authority Duben, said: "The current Qingdao real estate market, the limited subsidy is difficult to rent the right house." In addition, some low-income families take the subsidy is not used to rent, and used in the family's basic expenses, subsidy funds did not play its due effect. "With low-cost housing protection from low-income families to lower income families continue to expand, the market can provide the appropriate housing more and more tense."　　By contrast, physical distribution is welcomed by low-income families because of its stability, choice of face, housing conditions and good property services. Another characteristic of physical distribution is that it can effectively stimulate domestic demand. Compared with the rent subsidy, the physical construction needs the government to invest several times the capital. And this round of affordable housing projectsThe special background is not only to improve people's livelihood, but also the State Council at the end of last year to expand domestic demand for growth of the top 10 measures. According to the Housing and Urban and rural Ministry of Construction, the NDRC, the Ministry of Finance issued the "2009-2011 low-rent housing Security Plan" (hereinafter referred to as "three-year Plan"), our country in the next 3 years will be new Low-cost housing 5.18 million sets of new lease subsidies 1.91 million households.　　The entire project is estimated to require an investment of 300 billion yuan a year, at the same time can stimulate the upstream and downstream of about 600 billion yuan investment, and create 2 million-3 million employment opportunities.　　-Solution exit difficult, "in kind of way to build, to subsidize the way to rent" or into the future direction with all over the beginning of large-scale physical low-rent housing construction, in the near future, "exit" the problem, will gradually surface. At present, the physical allocation and withdrawal mechanism in most places is very difficult in practical operation.　　Xiamen city, for example, over the years the cumulative withdrawal of 628 households, of which 626 households are rent-subsidized households, only 2 are from the physical distribution of the rental exit. "Physical housing exit system design is more troublesome." "Du Ben said," The use of mandatory administrative means must not, now, mainly through the way of civil litigation. "According to this idea, Qingdao to the physical distribution of the family to strengthen the rental contract management, through the two sides signed a leasing contract, agreed to exit conditions."　　The tenant families who should withdraw and do not withdraw according to the agreement shall be repaying by means of civil action. Zhongqing, deputy director of the Land and Housing Bureau sun that to avoid social contradictions, "exit" is not necessarily limited to the way of moving.　　He suggested that, as the tenant's income improved, it would be possible to raise the standard of rents continuously. Sun This assumption, in the physical housing construction began to take shape in Xiamen has begun to practice. Xiamen will be low-cost rental and provide to the "sandwich layer" of public rental housing collectively referred to as "Social security rental housing", and focus on building in a community.　　The tenant rents all according to the market rent, the government according to the family income level different, gives the different proportion subsidy separately, the income is lower, the subsidy is higher. To be constructed in kind and leased in a subsidized manner. Xiamen's Low-cost housing security model, combined with the physical distribution of rental and rental subsidy two models of advantages. It also means that the government must invest in construction funds and subsidize them.　　and physical housing construction scale can meet the basic needs.　　② "How to build" road? In the ordinary commercial housing projects in large-scale allocation of low-cost housing is not easy to advance. In the current focus on the inevitable situation, the combination of the two, the advantages and disadvantages, become the direction of exploration-developers do not want to build, delivery time is not guaranteed. Although the construction of a good road is located in Beijing Xisanqi of the price-limiting housing project, "flag wins home" was officially delivered to use. With 17 limit rooms delivered together, there are 1 26-storey low-cost rental, a total of 483 sets, the first group of residents will soon stay. Since 2007, Beijing has started in the new affordable housing and general housing projects in a certain proportion of the construction of cheapRental。　　In 2007 alone, nearly 300,000 square meters of low-rent housing were built in the 18 new projects. "The benefits of the establishment are obvious.　　"Beijing Construction Commission Housing security Office Deputy Director Cheng Jianhua said, through the establishment, not only can avoid the formation of" slums ", but also to enable low-income families to share a better community environment and supporting facilities, convenient to their work, medical, school, shopping, reduce the cost of living, improve the quality of life. Despite all the advantages, the reporter's survey found that the road to the construction is still fraught with difficulties. At present, most of the only in the limit housing and affordable housing projects to achieve a partial distribution.　　Compared with the construction of ordinary commercial housing, the effect is greatly reduced. "Real estate developers do not want to be built, they think that a small house in the community will reduce the quality of the project, affect sales, prices will be dragged down."　　"Qingdao Housing Security Center Director Chang said that some developers even accept the construction, but also because the land transfer agreement has already indicated the relevant provisions, passively accept." Zhongqing, deputy director of the Land and Housing Authority Sun is worried that, although the establishment can bring many convenience, but low-income families are unable to withstand higher property costs, two groups in the management of how to interface is also a problem. "If the income gap and living habits of households living in a community are too different, it is likely to cause psychological stress to low-income families, especially young people, and the effect of the construction is counterproductive."　　"Sun said. -"small concentration, large dispersion", from the actual start to explore the construction of the road to build a slow, real-world task is heavy.　　Reporters recently interviewed the authorities of several cities, said that the completion of the 3-year goal, concentrated construction will still occupy a considerable proportion.　　Since centralized construction is essential, how to avoid "slum"? Built in 2005, Hualong Home is the first batch of Low-rent Housing District Zhongqing. More than 3 years ago, the community environment is still tidy and orderly.　　Medical service stations, police rooms, community neighborhood committees and other readily available. Kong Lin mother and son are the first group to stay in China Dragon Home, originally unemployed at home she participated in the community recruitment, now is a district cleaners, 500 yuan per month wage income, plus mother and child each 260 yuan of the minimum, the days are "still balance".　　Many residents, like her, are working in the community. "To keep low-income families ' stable," the most important thing is to help them solve their employment problems and improve their income.　　"Neighborhood staff Zhou Ling told reporters that the residents ' committees on the one hand in the community within the development of posts, cleaning, shops and other priority to employ the community difficult families, on the one hand with the surrounding enterprises and real estate projects linked to employment. Although the home has a perfect property services, but residents do not have to pay property charges, each household only pay 5 yuan per month cleaning fee. Zhongqing Jiulongpo District Housing Security Office, said: "In the future, as the housing maintenance tasks increase, spending will increase, the government has pledged full subsidy, do not increase the burden on the residents."　　Although the home of Hualong is relatively concentrated low-rent housing district, but there is no adjacent to other low-rent housing community. "Planning When weTry to avoid the size of a single community. If a project tenants too much, the volume rate is too high, no good management effect is not ideal.　　"Sun said. The construction model of Hualong Home provides a sample: small concentration, large dispersed construction way, planning in the transportation, employment, medical treatment, school and other public service facilities to improve the convenient location, streets, neighborhood committees and property companies to jointly provide services, the government subsidized property costs.　　This is perhaps a relatively feasible option for the current low-rent housing construction.　　③ How to solve the financial problem? More than 80% of the 150 billion-dollar rental investment mission this year falls on the shoulders of governments around the world. In the fiscally tense Midwest, financial pressure is becoming more pronounced. While broadening the financing channels and making full use of bank loans, it is an important way to solve the problem of capital-------------------------financial burden.　　The central government has increased its subsidy standard for low-rent housing construction in the Midwest this year, with 400 yuan/square meters in the western region and 300 yuan/square meters in the central region. Zhongqing Main urban Low-cost housing construction cost of about 1600 yuan/square meters, the central financial and municipal finance each complement 400 yuan, the county itself still need to support 800 yuan/square meters. The counties of West Chongqing need supporting 500 yuan/square meters.　　Zhongqing, deputy director of the Land and Housing Authority Sun said that some impoverished counties eat to rely on transfer payments, the establishment of Low-cost rental supporting capital pressure is very large. Chongqing is just a microcosm. 2009 China will solve the housing problem of 2.6 million low-cost rental protection object, of which the new availability reached 1.77 million sets. In accordance with the current Low-cost rental average of 1500 yuan/square meters of construction cost calculation, each set of about 50 square meters, the construction of 1.77 million sets of low-cost housing needs more than 130 billion yuan.　　Plus the new lease subsidy of 830,000 households, only this year will require more than 150 billion yuan. This year, the central government's subsidy for low-rent housing construction will reach 33 billion yuan.　　Even so, more than 80% of the funding gap needs to be addressed everywhere.　　-Local debt, Provident Fund Open "new ideas" the current low-rent housing construction has three kinds of channels-all levels of finance, land transfer net income of 10%, Housing Provident Fund value-added benefits. In fact, only a handful of economically more developed cities can make the best use of these 3 channels. Most urban Provident Fund value-added benefits are not much. Net income from land transfer is also mainly in the form of financial funds.　　In this year's construction scale and local finance generally reduce the situation, low-cost housing construction Financing channels single problem appears more prominent. To widen the financing channels, we need to open new ideas. Local debt is becoming an important channel to broaden financial sources of finance everywhere.　　In addition to several provinces and cities with Better capital this year, local debt has been issued to safeguard the construction of housing, and a considerable portion of the funds will be used to build low-rent apartments. In addition, the Housing Provident Fund idle funds for low-rent housing construction, but also is considered as a low-cost housing construction to provide long-term stable sources of funding important channels. At present, all over the world are waiting for the new Provident Fund regulations issued toMake clear how to use Provident Fund to support low-rent housing construction. -With good financial leverage, low-cost housing investment "to the public" in addition to the budget expenditure, most local government low-rent housing construction relies on bank loans to complete.　　The basic model is that local governments set up an investment company and then apply to the bank for development loans as owners. On the one hand, such loans are backed by local government finance. On the other hand, the central bank and the relevant government departments issued several times, requiring commercial banks to meet the loan conditions of low-cost housing construction projects, to increase credit support.　　So it's not hard to borrow from a bank. However, because low-rent housing is only for cheap rental, project cost recovery is very slow.　　Banks are wary of lending to low-rent housing projects. For this reason, once was placed high hopes of private funds did not form a climate. "We hope that developers can have such a vision to foresee the future of the stability of low-cost rental housing revenue." But now, I can't count on it. "The official said," At present can only use good bank loans and other financial leverage to finance. "Number" said Low-rent housing (extended reading) "7.47 million households" in recent years, our country to solve the urban low-income families housing difficulties as an important part of improving people's livelihood, basically set up the housing security system with the main content of Low-rent House. As of the end of 2008, there were 7.47 million low-income housing families in the country, which urgently needed to solve the basic housing problem. In order to effectively solve the problem of the basic housing problems of difficult families, the relevant state departments issued a plan, from 2009 to 2011, with three years, the basic solution to the 7.47 million families housing problems.　　Among them, the fourth quarter of 2008 has begun construction of low-cost housing 380,000 sets, three years new rental housing 5.18 million, new lease subsidies 1.91 million households, the current task has been broken down to all parts of the country.　　As of the end of April this year, the country has started construction of low-rent housing 690,000 sets, of which the central investment subsidy project has started 650,000 sets. "13 square meters" after the next 3 years of low-cost housing construction, per capita construction area of less than 10 square meters of low-income shelter families, will be protected to about 13 square meters, three homes can be guaranteed to 40 square meters.　　By renting subsidies to families who are struggling with housing, local governments will also provide them with a monetization subsidy based on rents of around 13 square metres. "49.3 billion yuan" for the protection of low-cost housing construction funds, the central government has further increased financial support, this year to arrange 49.3 billion yuan investment subsidy funds, this part of the most money has been put into place, the implementation of specific projects. In addition, the central government issued on behalf of the national debt funds are also focused on the construction of affordable housing projects.