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IP classification and analysis of Special IP addresses basic IP addresses are 32-bit binary numbers divided into eight-bit units (referred to as eight-bit groups. You can understand both binary and decimal. To make it easier for people to use it,

1. The protocol name corresponds to the device data packet name. The application layer http ftp transport layer TCP/UDP segment network layer IP router data packet datasyncTransmission reliability is not guaranteed. The upper layer protocol provides

Objective: To understand the experiment environment for running the OSPF protocol on a Cisco Route: the two routers are used to simulate the two LAN networks 192.168.1.0 and 192.168.3.0. the topology of the two LAN networks that can communicate with

The OSPF on the broadcast Multi-Channel Access link starts the OSPF process on each device on the broadcast Multi-Channel Access link according to the parameters in. Here, I only use R1 as an example to describe how to enable the OSPF process:

The three-way handshake mechanism of TCP connection TCP is connection-oriented. The so-called connection-oriented mechanism means that a connection must be established before data transmission when both parties communicate with each other, finally,

The advantages and disadvantages of RIP and OSPF are compared. ospf and rip are compared: the rip Protocol is the distance vector routing selection protocol, and the measurement standard (metric) of the selected route is the number of hops, the

The 64-bit pre-sync code (reamble) and start frame delimiter (start frame delimiter) at the beginning of the structure of an ip address ). The pre-sync code is used to ensure that the data exchange between the sender and the receiver is the same as

A Brief Analysis of the concept and authentication method of PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a link layer Protocol designed for the transmission of data packets between equivalent units. This link provides full duplex operations and transmits data

TCP connection establishment/removalHow to Establish a TCP connection in Figure 1TCP Header Format, the SYN flag is used only when a TCP connection is established. The TCP connection establishment process is called a "three-way handshake" connection,

The visual understanding of the STP protocol is still the same. When learning a protocol, we should first find out what the problem is, that is, the Protocol is designed to solve what problems meet what needs, then try to implement it in your mind.

IPv6 learning notes IPv6 changes are reflected in the following five important aspects: 1. Extended address. 2. simplified the Header Format. 3. Enhanced support for wide expansion and options. 4. Stream tag. 5. authentication and confidentiality.

The performance limit of OpenVPN is unsatisfactory because data packets are bypassed in the protocol stack and OpenVPN applications ", each door has its own Width limit. Even if the width of the door is not taken into account, the inbound and

This section describes link layer.In the TCP/IP protocol family, the link layer has three main objectives: (1) sending and receiving IP datagram for the IP module;(2) send ARP requests to the ARP module and receive ARP responses; (3) Send RARP

In a storage system, to increase the throughput of backend devices, the multi-nic binding technology is often required. For example, the backend storage can provide a maximum throughput of 300 MB/S. Therefore, you need to use 3 1 GPS NICs for

I. Experiment principle vro redundancy protocol (VRRP) is a selection protocol that dynamically allocates the responsibility of a vro to one of the VRRP routers on the LAN. The VRRP router that controls the IP address of a vro is called the primary

Packet communication between different network segments host A communicates with host C, A Ping C, figure: A-switch-router M-router N-switch-C, AC different subnets (1) if two machines are not in the same subnet, A must communicate with Objective C.

Example of snoop packet capture parameters: snoop-d hme1-ta-x 54 192.168.30.150 and port 23520 and tcp Parameters: www.2cto.com [-a] # Listen to packets on audio [-d device] # settable to le ?, Ie ?, Bf ?, Tr? [-S snaplen] # Truncate packets [-c

TCP streams understand that TCP is a stream protocol. Unlike UDP, when sendto sends a message, the other end will inevitably receive the complete message or no message. When a message is sent using TCP send, the other end may only receive part of

Spanning Tree [02] detailed explanation of RSTP principles and configuration instancesWhy do we need to use RSTP and RSTP? in the previous article, we learned the operation principle of STP. When the topology in the STP network changes, the switch

Briefly describe the layer-4 architecture of TCP/IP and the role of each layer. data Link Layer 2. network Layer 3. transport Layer 4. the application layer, where IP is in the Layer 2 network layer, TCP is in the layer 3rd transport layer, the most