1. Initial access to curses

1Curses

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1.1 curses Package content

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* Curses. h

Mainly controls screen input and output, cursor operations, window creation and operations, etc.

* Panel. h

Similar to the window stack, different windows can be stored and moved.

* Menu. h

It mainly includes functions for creating menus and interacting with them, and is mainly used to accept users' choices.

* Form

Including creating forms and interacting functions, which are mainly used to accept user data input.

1.2 start using the curses package

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1.2.1 curses Initialization

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* In general, you must call initscr () before other cuses functions are called ().

* The difference between stdscr and curscr lies in

* Stdscr indicates a logical screen.

* Curscr indicates a physical screen.

* The wfresh function updates the physical screen based on the differences between stdscr and curscr.

* If the program uses multiple terminals

* Use newterm () instead of initscr ()

* Every terminal that you want to interact with calls newterm () once ()

* Newterm () returns a SCREEN structure to reference a terminal.

* When receiving input and output from a terminal, you must use set_term (SCREEN) to set it to the current terminal.

1.2.2 Terminal Mode settings

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* The terminal mode is actually a series of switch attributes that directly affect how the terminal processes input and output.

* Keypad (stdscr, TRUE)

Used to control whether to convert special characters on the keyboard into the corresponding special keys in the curses package

* Nonl ()

Used to control the program to convert the Enter key to a line break

* Cbreak ()

Read all characters except DELETE or CTRL

* Noecho ()

Make the characters entered by the keyboard do not need to be displayed directly on the screen

1.2.3 Color Processing

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* Use the has_colors () function to determine whether the terminal supports color.

* Use init_pair (0, COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_BLACK) to initialize the color pairing table and set the foreground color and background color of the character.

* Use attron (A_BLINK | COLOR_PAIR (2) to set how to display characters

1.2.4 use refresh and wrefresh for screen update

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* Refresh is actually a macro definition of wrefresh (stdscr ).

1.2.5 Use the endwin () function to interrupt the curses Program

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* Endwin () is the last function called by the program. It matches the initscr () function.

* After endwin () is executed, the cursor moves to the lower left of the screen

1.3 compile

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* If the program uses libraries such as panel, menu, and form, the-lcurses option must be placed after the remaining options

1.4 example

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#include <curses.h>  static void finish(int sig);  int main()  {      initscr();      keypad(stdscr,TRUE);      nonl();      cbreak();      noecho();      if(has_colors())      {          start_color();          init_pair(0,COLOR_BLACK,COLOR_BLACK);          init_pair(1,COLOR_GREEN,COLOR_BLACK);          init_pair(2,COLOR_RED,COLOR_BLACK);          init_pair(3,COLOR_CYAN,COLOR_BLACK);          init_pair(4,COLOR_WHITE,COLOR_BLACK);          init_pair(5,COLOR_MAGENTA,COLOR_BLACK);          init_pair(6,COLOR_BLUE,COLOR_BLACK);          init_pair(7,COLOR_YELLOW,COLOR_BLACK);      }      attron(A_BLINK|COLOR_PAIR(2));      move(LINES/2+1,COLS-4);      addstr("Eye");      refresh();      sleep(2);      move(LINES/2-3,COLS/2-3);      addstr("Bulls");      refresh();      sleep(2);      finish(0);  }  static void finish(int sig)  {      endwin();      exit(0);  }

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