A little knowledge in linux-ten things required

A bit of knowledge in linux-ten things required-general Linux technology-Linux technology and application information. The following is a detailed description. The following are ten things you should know:

1. File System

Unlike operating systems that create a file tree for each disk, the entire Linux File System is a huge tree structure. The top is/(Root). All folders, files, and drive disks are the Root branch.

In Linux, you only have one file system. Each disk is mounted to this tree structure, which is similar to a folder. The organization of each disk is as follows:

+ Hda1:/(our Root)

+ Hda2:/home

+ Hdb1:/home/user/music

+ Soft drive:/mnt/floppy

+ Optical drive:/mnt/cdrom

2. Modular System

3. hardware, software and everything between them

4. Software Package Manager-making program installation easier

There are many ways to install programs in Linux, but the simplest way is to use the Package Manager PM that comes with the release ). PM ensures that the required missing files (also known as dependency packages) are installed so that the program runs correctly. The choice of release often comes down to the PM type you like. However, as long as you can find the corresponding release software package, any Linux software can be installed successfully.

These PM usually have an online program source, and the installation of the application can be simple. You only need to search for the program in the source, and then click Install. Why can't I find IceWM or MPlayer in the PM list? Rest assured that there is always a way to add a new source containing the required software. Typical PM includes Synaptic for Debian and its derivative versions (based on dpkg and Apt), RedHat and its derivative versions of Yum, SuSE and its derivative versions of YaST2, and Emerge for Gentoo.

5. Permissions

Linux supports multiple users and groups users into groups. You have read, write, or execute (read, write, execute R/W/X) permissions on your files and the permissions to change these permissions. Because Linux is designed for multiple users, each user has its own password, which can restrict others' access to its files. These are the so-called user permissions.

Each user belongs to one or more groups. Users can set their own file/folder permissions so that other users in the same group can read but cannot write these files, or other/R/W/X combinations. This is the group permission. For example, if both Joe and Susan belong to the same Accounting group, they can allow the members of the Accounting group to access their files and restrict the members of the Sales group to access their own files.

Other permissions allow or deny access to these files by anyone outside the group. These permissions exist for the security of the entire system and the data security of each user. Most home users only need to retain the default permissions for files.

Root users (do not confuse with the/Root directory of the file system). For example, Administrators have the right to dispose of all files and are the only users who can change the global settings of the system. The root user has his/her own password for system maintenance. This difference can prevent common users from installing harmful spyware on the system or deleting important files.

6. Main directory

Linux Desktops may also be messy, but every user has his/her own home directory, usually located at/home/user. In the main directory, you can store documents (/home/user/documents), program connections, Music (/home/user/Music), or anything else. We can create files and folders in the main directory, organize them at will or pile up them randomly, just like in our own home. Based on our permission settings, we can allow or deny access to these files by any other user (except the Root user.

7. Differences in default installation

8. command line interface (CLI) or "How to Run"

In the menu similar to the Start menu in Windows, the xterm Program (also called the console) can Start a terminal, which is a bit similar to the DOS window, but in fact, it appears earlier than DOS and has more powerful functions. The Command Line Interface CLI is the source of our favorite OS, which is available in each Linux release. We won't go into details here, so we have to write several books. In short, CLI is a very useful tool. It is often used to find/solve computer system faults. If you ask for help on the Internet and someone asks you to run lspci, you actually need to start xterm, input lspci, press the Enter key, and then provide them with output on the screen.

When you start xterm, you are usually a common user with limited permissions. To enter the Root user mode in xterm (refer to the preceding permissions), you only need to enter the su [enter key] And then enter the Root password [enter key]. Now you have a lot of rights to be good to others. Root users can destroy anyone's data, including the system files required for Linux running. Exit xterm or su mode. Enter exit [enter].

9. Ctrl-Alt-ESC

Press Ctrl-alt-escape to convert your mouse into an X-pointer header or other unlucky mouse arrows. In this mode, you can click a problematic or frozen application to kill it ). This is similar to the End Process in Windows Task Manager, but be cautious when using it. If you do not want to kill any program, type the Esc key to exit the kill mode. If you click the program (including the desktop GUI) in the above mode, it may cause serious trouble.

10. Be friends with the Internet!

Many Release versions have user forums with questions, answers, and skills.

[ This post was last edited by jsbxw]