Computer terms in C ++ 5. Terms

Computer terms in C ++ 5. Terms

Class template)

Can be used to define the class definition of a group of specific types of classes. The class template uses the template keyword and is defined by a list of one or more parameters enclosed by Angle brackets (<>) and separated by commas.

Export keyword (export keyword)

It is used to indicate that the compiler must remember the keyword of the template definition location. It is used by the compiler that supports template instantiation to compile models separately. The export keyword is usually used together with the function definition. The class is usually declared as export in the implementation file of the relevant class. In a program, a template can only be defined once with the export keyword.

Function template)

It can be used to define different types of functions. The function template uses the template keyword and is defined by a list of one or more parameters enclosed by Angle brackets (<>) and separated by commas.

Generic handle class (generic handle class)

Saves and manages classes that point to pointers of other classes. A generic handle accepts a single type parameter and assigns and manages pointers to this type of object. The handle class defines the necessary copy control members. It also defines the reference operators (*) and arrow member access operators (-> ). Generic Sentences do not need to understand the types they manage.

Compile sion compilationmodel (including compilation Model)

The compiler is used to find the template definition mechanism. It depends on the template definition that is included in each file using the template. Generally, the template definition is stored in a header file. Any file using the template must contain the file.

Instantiation)

Use the actual template real parameters to generate the compiler process for a specific template instance. In this instance, use the corresponding real parameters instead of the form parameters. The function is automatically instantiated based on the real parameters used in the call. The real parameters of the template must be explicitly provided when the class template is used.

Abort

Library Function executed by the program with an exception. Generally, terminate calls abort, and the program can also directly call abort. Abort is defined in the header file cstdlib.

Auto_ptr

A library template that provides exceptional and secure access to dynamically assigned objects. Auto_ptr objects cannot be bound to arrays or variable pointers. Copying and assigning auto_ptr objects is a destructive operation: transferring the ownership of objects from the right operand to the left operand. Assign a value to the auto_ptr object to delete the objects in the left operand. Therefore, the auto_ptrs object cannot be stored in the container.

Catch-all (catch all exception clauses)

The exception description is the catch clause. This clause can capture any type of exceptions. It is usually used to capture exceptions that are detected locally for partial clearing. The exception is thrown back to other parts of the program to solve the basic cause of the problem.

Catch clause)

The part in the program that handles exceptions, also known as the exception handling code. The catch clause consists of the keyword catch followed by exception specifiers and statement blocks. Catch the necessary work of the internal code to complete the cause exception description defined by the Type exception.

Constructor order (constructor order)

Generally, the base class should be constructed according to the order specified in the class derived list. The derived class constructor should explicitly initialize each base class through the constructor initialization list. The order of the base classes in the constructor initialization list does not affect the order of the base classes. In virtual inheritance, the virtual base classes are constructed before any other base classes. They are constructed in order (directly or indirectly) in the derived list of the derived types, only the lowest-layer derived type can initialize the virtual base class. The base class constructor initialization list in the intermediate base class is ignored.

Destructor order (destructor order)

You should undo the derived class object in the reverse order of the construction order -- first, undo the derived part, and then, from the last base class, undo the class specified in the class derived list. Classes that serve as base classes in multiple inheritance levels should generally define their destructor as virtual functions.

Exception handler (exception Handling Code)

The other name of the catch clause.

Exception handling)

Manages Language-level support for runtime exceptions. An independently developed part of the code can detect and "Trigger" an exception, which is "handled" by another independently developed part of the program. That is to say, the error detection part of the program throws an exception, and the error handling part processes the exception in the catch clause of the try block.

Exception object)

The object used for communication between the exception throw and the catch party. Create this object at the throw point, which is a copy of the thrown expression. The exception object persists until the last processing code of the exception ends. The exception object type is the type of the thrown expression.

Exception safe)

The term used to describe the program that is correctly performing when an exception is thrown.

Exceptionspecification (exception description)

It is used on the function declaration to indicate what (if any) exception type the function throws. Specify the exception type in the list that is enclosed by parentheses, separated by commas, and after the keyword throw. An empty list indicates that the function does not throw an exception. A function without exception instructions can throw any exception.

Exception specifier (exception description)

Indicates the occurrence of the exception to be processed by a given catch clause. The behavior parameter table of the exception descriptor, Which is initialized by the exception object. Like passing parameters, if the exception specifier is of a non-reference type, the exception object will be copied to catch.

File static)

The partial object name declared with the keyword static. In C ++ before C language and standard version, the static declaration in the file is used to declare objects that can only be used in a single file. C ++ does not approve of static file, you have replaced it with an unnamed namespace.

Function try block (function test block)

Is the try block of the function body. The keyword try appears before the left curly braces of the function body and ends with the catch clause that appears after the right curly braces of the function body. Function test blocks are most often used to enclose the constructor definitions to capture exceptions thrown by the constructor initialization.

Global namespace)

All globally defined (implicit) namespaces are saved in each program.

Multiple inheritance (Multi-inheritance)

Classes have multiple inheritance of direct base classes. A derived class inherits all base class members. Multiple Base classes are defined by specifying multiple base classes in the class derived list. Each base class requires a separate access label.

Namespace)

A mechanism that focuses all names defined by a library or other program set on a single scope. Unlike other scopes in C ++, namespaces can be defined in several sections. In different sections of a program, namespaces can be opened, closed, and re-opened.

Namespace alias (namespace alias)

Defines the synonym mechanism for a given namespace.

Namespace N1 = N;

Define N1 as another name of the namespace named N. A namespace can have multiple aliases, and its names can be used with their aliases.

Namespace pollution (namespace pollution)

The term used to describe what happens when all the names of classes and functions are placed in the global namespace. If the name is global, large programs that use code written by multiple independent teams often encounter name conflicts.

Raise)

It is often used as a synonym for throw. C ++ programmers exchange "throws" exceptions or "raises" exceptions.

Rethrow (re-Throw)

An empty throw -- no throw is specified. Only a capture clause or a re-throw in a function called directly or indirectly from a catch clause is effective. The effect is to re-throw an exception object.

Scope operator)

The operator used to access the namespace or the name of a class.

Stack unwinding)

Used to describe the process of exiting a function that causes an exception thrown when searching for catch. Undo the local object constructed before the exception before entering the corresponding catch.

Terminate

A library function. If no exception is caught or an exception occurs during exception handling, call this library function. This function usually calls the abort function to end the program.

Throw e

The expression that interrupts the current execution path. Each throw switches control to the nearest peripheral catch clause that can handle the thrown exception type. expression e is copied to the exception object.

Try block (test block)

Statement block surrounded by the keyword try and one or more try clauses. If the code inside the try block raises an exception, and a catch clause matches the exception type, the catch will handle the exception; otherwise, the exception will be transferred out of the try, it is passed to the upper-layer catch in the call chain.

Unexpected

If a library function is thrown and violates the function exception description, it is called.

Unnamed namespace (unnamed namespace)

No namespace defined. The names defined in Unnamed namespaces can be directly accessed without the scope operator. Each file has its own namespace, and its name is invisible outside the file.

Using declaration (using declaration)

The mechanism for injecting a single name in a namespace into the current scope.

Using std: cout;

So that the name cout in the namespace std is visible in the current scope, you can use the name cout without the limit std.

Using directive (using indication)

This mechanism allows all the names in a namespace to be visible in the using indication and the latest scope of the namespace itself.

Virtual base class)

The base class inherited by the keyword virtual. Even if the same class appears multiple times as a virtual base class in the hierarchy, the virtual base class part of the derived class object only appears once. In non-virtual inheritance, constructor can only initialize its own direct base class. When virtual inheritance is performed on a class, the class is initialized by the derived class at the lowest layer, therefore, the derived class at the lowest layer should contain the initialization formula used for all its virtual parent classes.

Virtual inheritance (virtual inheritance)

Multi-inheritance form. In this form, the derived class shares a copy of the base class that is contained multiple times in the hierarchy.

 

Computer terminology

CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect Carrier monitoring Multi-Channel Access/conflict detection

DNS Domain Name Server

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network Integrated Digital service Network

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network Virtual LAN

HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

WAN Wide Area Network WAN

OSI Open System Interconnection Reference Model

C/S Client/Server Model

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol Common File Transfer Protocol

Common Terms for the following computers

1. byte (B): each byte consists of eight digits.
2. Bit (B): The computer is in binary notation, that is, the computer can only recognize 0 and 1. This 0 and 1 are called bits.
3. Word Length: the length of the number of digits of the binary number that the CPU can simultaneously process per unit time.
4. bare metal: A computer system consists of a software system and a hardware system. A computer without a software system is called a bare metal.
5. Software: a collection of computer data and commands organized in a specific order, such as WORD and EXCEL.
6. virus: A virus is a computer program. they are parasitic in other files and will constantly replicate and transmit to other files, which is very bad for computer hardware systems, software systems and data.