Re: http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php? T = 366506
Overview:
The main file of the source list is/etc/apt/sources. list, and/etc/apt/sources. list. d/*. The final result is Union.
The source list file is in the unit of action. each line is divided into multiple fields, and fields are separated by blank characters. The behavior comment line starting with the pound sign.
Field description:
The first field indicates the package type.
The value is only "deb" and "deb-src", which correspond to the binary package and source code package respectively. Generally, only binary packages are useful to us.
The second field indicates the image site, that is, "source 」!
A url usually needs to locate a directory. Generally, you can open the directory to see two subdirectories: "dists" and "pool. Check out the http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian or http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu /.
The third field indicates the "version" of the package, which is also called "repository 」.
Open a source and go to the "dists" subdirectory to see which "versions" are available in the "source. Generally, major and minor versions are connected with hyphens.
It is obvious that the major version number is the system version name, such as "squeeze" and "wheezy 」. The primary version is used to connect to the minor version without a minus sign.
The name of the Debian minor version is basically the same as that of Ubuntu since squeeze. In addition to the main version, the minor version has
"Security". Ubuntu is used for security updates. Fix bugs that affect system security. For this, Debian is special. See the following section.
"Updates": non-security update. That is, bug fixes that do not affect system security.
"Proposed-updates", pre-update. SMALL beta version. After that, you will enter "updates" or "security 」. Ubuntu only uses "proposed" without the suffix "updates 」.
Backports, backup. After a system version is officially released, all its software will freeze the version number (based on the release time of the original software). all software only fixes bugs and does not add any function. However, some people may need to update the new features provided by the version, or even some newer software. This warehouse is being set up, but it is not officially maintained and may be valid some time after the official release of the system. This repository version is in the second priority and will not be installed unless it is specified or has no software. Other versions are in the first priority.
The following field indicates the package license type.
The subsequent fields are ranked in no particular order, and the final result is the union.
Based on the license of the package and the license of the directly dependent package. Open a source, enter the "dists" subdirectory, and then enter a version Directory. several subdirectories are displayed.
Debian can have up to three types
"Main" is a free software, and all directly dependent packages are also free software.
Contrib is a free software, but one of the directly dependent packages is a non-free software.
"Non-free" is not a free software, no matter how dependent it is. Of course, the software itself can be used for free.
Up to four types of Ubuntu
"Main" is a free software officially maintained.
Universe is a free software maintained by the community.
"Restricted", device-specific driver.
"Multiverse" is the same as "non-free" in Debian 」.
Some alternative third-party sources do not rule out the possibility of any of the above. In short, open the warehouse directory and view it by yourself.
Note:
Debian security update
Unlike Ubuntu in the "security" repository, it is placed in a separate source. Generally, major Image sites place normal packages in the "debian" directory at the root level, while security updates are stored in the "debian-security" directory, if any.
Debian officially recommends that all security updates be updated only from the official (http://security.debian.org/debian-security) and do not use other image sites unless you are very comfortable with it.
The third field of security update is fixed as "version name/updates", for example, "squeeze/updates" and "wheezy/updates 」.
Debian multimedia source
Some multimedia software involved in copyright issues, Debian official not included, a website dedicated to fill the vacancy, see http://www.deb-multimedia.org.
Last piece of advice:
Do not enable too many sources. only one source of the same "version" can be started, otherwise it may cause confusion.
Instance:
Debian 7 wheezy
Ubuntu 13.04 raring
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