Essential for Beginners: Linux system commands and tips 8

When we use a Linux system at ordinary times, there are some quick commands and operation skills in both the terminal and on the graphic desktop. This article will briefly introduce the following common methods to beginners: 1. processing

When we use a Linux system at ordinary times, there are some quick commands and operation skills in both the terminal and on the graphic desktop. This article will briefly introduce the following common methods to beginners:

1. process Special file names

Suppose there is a file name named "-ee" in Linux. if we want to operate on it, for example, to delete it, enter the rm-ee command in the command line according to the general deletion method, the interface prompts "invalidoption". since the first character of the file name is "-", Linux regards the file name as an option, we can use the "--" symbol to solve this problem. enter the "rm --- ee" command to successfully delete the file named "-ee, if it is another special character, you can add a "" symbol before the special character, or use double quotation marks to enclose the entire file name.

2. install Linux directly

When installing the Linux operating system, you can use the software named uploadlin.exe in the system optical disk to directly transfer the Linux core to the memory. The Linux core replaces the current operating system to take over the computer and enter the Linux installation interface. When installing Linux, you only need to enter "loadlinE: imagesvmlinuzrot =/dev/raminitrd = E: imagesinitrd. the img command can directly install Linux. "E: imagesvmlinuz" is the core name of Linux.

3. eliminate crashes in Xwindows

We can use two common methods to eliminate this phenomenon: first, use the composite key "Ctrl + Alt + Backspace" on the keyboard to close the currently running task; second, first, press and hold the "Ctrl + Alt + F2" compound key on the keyboard, switch the system to another console, log on to the system, and then run the "# ps-ax/grepstartx" command, this will list the process identifiers of your Xserver, and then enter the following command in the command line to eliminate the crash phenomenon in Xwindows: # kill-9PID_Number, finally, return to the original platform through the Alt + F1 compound key.

4. quickly shut down the Linux system

The latest version of Linux/UNIX systems draws on the mainframe technology and uses a log file system that prevents power loss. it can automatically track and save user data and automatically refresh the file system synchronously, you can turn off the power at will to quickly shut down the system.

5. cleverly use the "rm" command

We can use the "rm" command with the "-r" parameter to Delete a non-empty directory. for example, we can enter a command like "rm-rbbb" in the command line, the system deletes all files and subdirectories in the bbb directory.

6. cleverly use the "Tab" key

You know that when you enter commands on the Linux character interface, you sometimes need to enter many characters. it is troublesome to enter the characters one by one. If the entered characters are sufficient to determine the next unique file in the directory, we only need to press the "Tab" key on the disk to automatically complete the remaining parts of the file name, for example, if you want to unpackage the directory/ccc's file "export ddddddd-1.2.3.tar.gz", when you type "tarxvfz/ccc/d" in the command line, if the file is the only file in the directory with the "d" header, you can directly press the "Tab" key, then the command will be automatically filled with: tarxvfz/ccc/ddddddd-1.2.3.tar.gz, this improves the input efficiency.

7. use the mouse to copy and paste the file to improve the operation speed.

After the Linux system is installed, a program named "gpm" is automatically run every time the character interface is started. after the program runs, you can copy and paste it with your mouse. The specific method is to press and hold the left mouse button to highlight the place to be copied. the highlighted area has been copied, right-click the copied content and paste it at the cursor position. If we run Linux in Xwindow, the copy and paste operations are the same as those in Windows 9x.

8. start Linux quickly

In DOS, there is a simple and fast way to start Linux, that is, loadLinux. Loadlin.exe is an executable program in DOS. it can quickly start Linux in a pure DOS environment without restarting the computer, we can find this program in the "/kernels" Directory of the CD. If you do not know where the program is stored on the installation disk, you can use the "find-nameloadlin *" command to find it. Copy it to the DOS partition and copy the Linux kernel file you are using. You can use Windows to copy files directly from the CD, or use the "mcopy" command in Linux to copy files to the DOS partition, and then write a file named "Linux. bat. the content of the file is as follows:

C: loadlinc: vmlinuroot =/dev/hda1ro(we set both loadlin.exe and vmlinuz kernel files under the root directory of the c drive, "root" is the Linux root device, and Linux is in the first partition of the hard disk, therefore, the device name is "/dev/hda1" and "ro" indicates readonly ). In the future, you can run "Linux. bat" to start Linux in DOS.