Explanation of GCC learning parameters in one of LINUX Learning

For details about GCC learning parameters, refer to LINUX general technology-Linux programming and kernel information. [Introduction]
Gcc and g ++ are the gnu c & c ++ compiler gcc/g ++. A total of four steps are required during compilation.
1. pre-process and generate the. I file [pre-processor cpp]
2. Do not convert the pre-processed files into assembly languages to generate the file. s [compiler egcs]
3. a. o file is generated by means of compilation into the target code (machine code) [assembler as]
4. Connect the target code to generate an executable program [linker ld]

[Parameter Details]
-X language filename
Set the language used by the file to make the suffix invalid and valid for later versions. that is, according to the Conventions, the C language suffix is. c, and C ++'s suffix is. C or. cpp. If you have a personality, the suffix of your C code file is. pig Haha, you need to use this parameter. This parameter applies to all file names after it, unless it is used by the next parameter.
Can I use the following parameters?
'C', 'Objective-C', 'c-header', 'c ++ ', 'cpp-output', 'Explorer ', and 'author er-with-cpp '.
You can understand English.
Example usage:
Gcc-x c hello. pig
　　
-X none filename
Turn off the previous option, that is, let gcc automatically identify the file type based on the file name suffix
Example usage:
Gcc-x c hello. pig-x none hello2.c
　　
-C
Only activate preprocessing, compilation, and assembly, that is, he only makes the program into an obj file.
Example usage:
Gcc-c hello. c
It will generate the. o obj file

-S
Only activating preprocessing and compilation means compiling a file into assembly code.
Example usage
Gcc-S hello. c
It will generate the. s assembly code. You can view it in a text editor.

-E
Only activate preprocessing. If this file is not generated, You need to redirect it to an output file.
Example usage:
Gcc-E hello. c>; pianoapan.txt
Gcc-E hello. c | more
Let's take a look. A hello word should also process 800 lines of code.

-O
Set the target name. By default, the gcc compiled file is a. out, which is hard to hear. If you feel the same way with me, change it. Haha
Example usage
Gcc-o hello.exe hello. c (Oh, windows is used to it)
Gcc-o hello. asm-S hello. c

-Pipe
Using pipelines instead of temporary files during compilation may cause some problems when using non-gnu compilation tools.
Gcc-pipe-o hello.exe hello. c

-Ansi
Disable the incompatible features of ansi c in gnu c and activate the proprietary features of ansi c (including prohibiting some asm inline typeof keywords, and preprocessing macros such as UNIX and vax,

-Fno-asm
This option is part of the feature that implements the ansi option. It prohibits the use of asm, inline, and typeof as keywords.
-Fno-strict-prototype
It only works for g ++. With this option, g ++ does not explicitly describe the number and type of parameters for functions without parameters, instead of having no parameters.
Whether this parameter is used or not, gcc considers that there is no explicitly stated type for a function without parameters.
　　
-Fthis-is-varialble
Is to align with the traditional c ++, you can use this when the general variable is used.
　　
-Fcond-mismatch
The second and third parameter types of conditional expressions do not match. The expression value is of the void type.
　　
-Funsigned-char
-Fno-signed-char
-Fsigned-char
-Fno-unsigned-char
These four parameters are used to set the char type and decide to set the char type to unsigned char (the first two parameters) or signed char (the last two parameters)
　　
-Include file
Include a code. Simply put, you can use it to set a file when you need another file. The function is equivalent to using # include in the code. ;
Example usage:
Gcc hello. c-include/root/pianopan. h
　　
-Imacros file
Extends the macro of the file to the input file of gcc/g ++. The macro definition does not appear in the input file.
　　
-Dmacro
Equivalent to # define macro in C
　　
-Dmacro = defn
Equivalent to # define macro = defn in C
　　
-Umacro
Equivalent to # undef macro in C

-Undef
Cancel definition of any non-standard macros
　　
-Idir
When you use # include "file", gcc/g ++ first searches for the header file in the current directory. If not, he returns to the default header file directory. If-I is used to specify the directory
Go back to the directory you created, and then find it in the regular order.
For # include ;, Gcc/g ++ will go to the directory specified by-I and cannot find it. Then, it will go to the default header file directory of the system to find it.
　　
-I-
Is to cancel the function of the previous parameter, so it is generally used after-Idir
　　
-Idirafter dir
An error occurred while searching in the-I directory.
　　
-Iprefix prefix
-Iwithprefix dir
Generally, if-I Directory Search fails, it will be searched under prefix + dir
　　
-Nostdinc
Make the compiler no longer look for the header file in the system's default header file directory. It is generally used in conjunction with-I to specify the position of the header file.
　　
-Nostdin C ++
The rule is not to be searched in the standard channels specified by g ++, but still in other paths. This option is used in the create libg ++ library.
　　
-C
During pre-processing, do not delete the annotation information, which is generally used with-E. Sometimes the analysis program is very convenient to use.
　　
-M
Generate file association information. You can use gcc-M hello. c to test all the source code that the target file depends on.
　　
-MM
It is the same as the one above, but it will ignore .
　　
-MD
It is the same as-M, but the output will be imported into the. d file.
　　
-MMD
It is the same as-MM, but the output will be imported into the. d file.
　　
-Wa, option
This option is passed to the assembler; if there is a comma in the option, the option is divided into multiple options, and then passed to the assembler
　　
-Wl. option
This option is passed to the connection program. If there is a comma in the option, the option is divided into multiple options and then passed to the connected program.
　　

-Llibrary
Library Used during compilation
Example usage
Gcc-lcurses hello. c
Compile the program using the ncurses Library
　　
-Ldir
Specify the path of the database to be searched during compilation. For example, you can use your own library to create a directory. Otherwise
The compiler will only find it in the standard library directory. This dir is the directory name.
　　
-O0
-O1
-O2
-O3
The compiler has four levels of optimization options.-O0 indicates no optimization,-O1 indicates the default value, and-O3 indicates the highest optimization level.
-G
Only the compiler generates debugging information during compilation.
　　
-Maid
This option claims debugging information in stabs format, but does not include gdb debugging information.
　　
-Gstabs +
This option claims debugging information in stabs format and contains additional debugging information for gdb only.
　　
-Ggdb
This option will generate debugging information that can be used by gdb as much as possible.

-Static
This option will disable the use of dynamic libraries. Therefore, compiled items are generally large and do not need any
The dynamic connection library can be run.

-Share
This option will try to use the dynamic library, so the generated file is small, but the system needs to use the dynamic library.

-Traditional
Try to make the compiler support the traditional C Language Features

[References]
-Linux/UNIX Advanced Programming
Edited by zhongke Hongqi Software Technology Co., Ltd. Published by Tsinghua University Press
-Gcc man page
　　
[ChangeLog]
-2002-08-10
Ver 0.1 released the original document
-2002-08-11
Ver 0.11 modify document format
-2002-08-12
Server 0.12 adds parameters for static and dynamic libraries
-2002-08-16
Ver 0.16 adds four phases of gcc compilation commands

Run gcc/egcs

***********************
GCC is the gnu c and C ++ compilers. In fact, GCC can compile three languages: C, C ++, and Object C (an object-oriented extension of C ). The gcc command can be used to compile and connect the C and C ++ source programs at the same time.
If you have two or a few C source files, you can easily use GCC to compile, connect, and generate executable files. For example, if you have two source files main. c and factorial. c, compile a program to calculate factorial.
Code:

-----------------------
List factorial. c
-----------------------
Int factorial (int n)
{
If (n <= 1)
Return 1;
Else
Return factorial (n-1) * n;
}
-----------------------
Listing main. c
-----------------------
# Include ;
# Include ;

Int factorial (int n );
Int main (int argc, char ** argv)
{
Int n;

If (argc <2)
{
Printf ("Usage: % s n \ n", argv [0]);
Return-1;
}
Else
{
N = atoi (argv [1]);
Printf ("Factorial of % d is % d. \ n", n, factorial (n ));
}
Return 0;
}


-----------------------
The following command can be used to compile and generate executable files and execute programs:
$ Gcc-o factorial main. c factorial. c
$./Factorial 5
Factorial of 5 is 120.

GCC can be used to compile both C and C ++ programs. Generally, the C compiler uses the extension of the source file to determine whether it is a C program or a C ++ program. In Linux, the extension of the C source file is. c, and the extension of the C ++ source file is. C or. cpp. However, the gcc command can only compile the C ++ source file, but cannot automatically connect to the library used by the C ++ program. Therefore, the g ++ command is usually used to compile and connect the C ++ program. The program automatically calls gcc for compilation. Suppose we have the following C ++ source file (hello. C ):
# Include ;
Void main (void)
{
Cout <"Hello, world! "<Endl;
}

You can call the g ++ command to compile, connect, and generate an executable file as follows:
$ G ++-o hello. C
$./Hello
Hello, world!


* ******************* Main options of gcc/egcs *********
Common gcc commands
Option description
-Ansi only supports the ANSI standard C syntax. This option will disable some features of gnu c,
For example, asm or typeof keywords.
-C only compiles and generates the target file.
-DMACRO defines the MACRO with the string "1.
-DMACRO = DEFN: Define the MACRO with the string "DEFN.
-E only runs the C pre-compiler.
-G generates debugging information. The GNU Debugger can use this information.
-IDIRECTORY: specify an additional header file to search for the path DIRECTORY.
-LDIRECTORY: specify an additional function library to search for the path DIRECTORY.
-Search for the specified LIBRARY when connecting to lLIBRARY.
-Msung optimizes code for 486.
-O FILE: generate the specified output FILE. Used to generate executable files.
-O0 is not optimized.
-O or-O1 optimized code generation.
-O2 is further optimized.
-O3 is further optimized than-O2, including the inline function.
-Shared object generation. It is usually used to create a shared library.
-Static prohibit the use of shared connections.
-UMACRO undefines MACRO macros.
-W does not generate any warning information.
-Wall generates all warning information.