The final summary of the Linux kernel compilation process-general Linux technology-Linux programming and kernel information. The following is a detailed description. I have referred to the linux vertices of linuxsir and jellyfish. I do not reserve any copyright.
After sorting it out, you can see the above, including how to install patches. Some specific options can be further viewed. Some idiotic options that can be understood at a Glance are not selected. Therefore, they are suitable for people who know about computer software and hardware.
Taking the 2.6.5 kernel as an example, although 2.6 of the kernel compilation process is more convenient, the most classic method is used here, which is the safest. Some process instructions have been simplified by myself. Please search for answers by yourself on the Internet to make sure you understand them.) adjust some settings according to your own situation and do not copy them completely. I am not liable for any losses caused by kernel compilation (such as LP running and never returning again) :) For your reference only.
1. download linux-2.6.5.tar.gz
1. cp linux-2.6.5.tar.gz/usr/src
3. cd/usr/src
4. mv linux linux_old
5. tar xvzf linux-2.6.5.tar.gz
Bzip2-d linux-2.6.5.tar.bz2
Tar-xvf linux-2.6.5.tar
Or tar jxvf linux-2.6.5.tar.bz2
6. cd/usr/include
Rm-rf asm linux scsi
Ln-s/usr/src/linux/including/asm-i386 asm
Ln-s/usr/src/linux/include/linux
Ln-s/usr/src/linux/include/scsi
7. cd/usr/src/linux
Make mrproper (check whether the. o file and dependency are correct and use the downloaded full source program package for compilation. Therefore, this step can be omitted. If you use these source programs to compile the kernel multiple times, you 'd better run this command first. )
8. make config or
Make menuconfig (recommended) or
Make xconfig
Select MainMenu, save and exit, exit the Configuration window, and close the superuser terminal. Now you can exit xwindows and return to the text environment (this can speed up the kernel compilation) for the final operation.
9. make dep
10. make zImage
Make zdisk if you want to create a boot disk. If the kernel is greater than 512 KB, apply make bzImage (recommended)
11. make modules make modules_install depmod-
12. cp/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage/boot (use make zImage) or cp/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage/boot (use make bzImage)
13. Modify lilo. conf or grub. conf (ADD)
Image =/boot/zImage (or bzImage)
Label = new
Root =...
14. lilo & grub
Lilo-v makes the change take effect. We recommend that you keep the old kernel project to avoid compilation failure. The grub configuration file is usually located in the following three places (depending on the release version ):
/Etc/grub. conf
/Boot/grub/menu. lst
/Boot/grub. conf
15. shutdown-r now
If your kernel supports memory images, use the mkinitrd command to create an image file and copy it to the/boot path. To do this, remember to select the kernel image ram image when making menu, and do not install it as a module. Otherwise, initrd will not work. Generate an image file. Otherwise, the/root partition cannot be found at system startup.
Mkinitrd/boot/initrd-. 2.4.20-8.img 2.4.20-8
Initrd. img is the link to the initrd-2.4.20-8.img File
# Ln-s initrd-2.4.20-8.img initrd. img
Sometimes mkinitrd fails. You only need to add -- without-scsi-module.
Copy the. config file under the old kernel source file to the new kernel source file,
Such as cp/usr/src/linux-2.4.22/. config/usr/src/linux-2.6.5/
Run make oldconfig in the new kernel directory.
Make menuconfig, but make oldconfig first. Then compile the kernel. It is easy to: make bzImage make modules make modules_install make install
Then go to/boot to see if there is a new kernel file. Then, check whether/boot/grub. conf has loaded the new kernel. Shutdown-r now
Cp/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.5 (The position of bzImage for the new kernel may also be under/usr/src/linux/i386/)
Cp/usr/src/linux/System. map/boot/System. map-2.6.5
Make clean
If you have added a new module before making clean, you can directly make menuconfig & make moduels & make modules_install. You do not need to repeat all modules. If you want to use the compilation results later, you can skip this step. If you want to directly Delete the source code directory, you can also skip this step.
Some backup processes before kernel upgrade:
Cd/boot/
Mv System. map System. map. old
Mv vmlinuz. old
Cd/usr/src/
Ln-s linux-2.6.5 linux
Go to the/usr/include directory and rename the asm, scsi, and linux directories.
[Root @ localhost/usr/include] # mv asm. OFF
[Root @ localhost/usr/include] # mv scsi. OFF
[Root @ localhost/usr/include] # mv linux. OFF
Create the original directory pointing to the new kernel to be renamed in step 3.
[Root @ localhost/usr/include] # ln-s/usr/src/linux/include/asm-i386 asm
[Root @ localhost/usr/include] # ln-s/usr/src/linux/include/scsi
[Root @ localhost/usr/include] # ln-s/usr/src/linux/include/linux
Test # ls/boot
If you see the vmlinuz-2.6.0 and System. map-2.6.0, congratulations!
If you installed it with make install, you will also see a config-2.6.0 File
Cd/boot/
Ln-s vmlinuz-2.6.5 vmlinuz
Ln-s System. map-2.6.5 System. map
(The two steps above are used to protect the real kernel image from being damaged)
Vmlinuz is a compressed binary executable file of the kernel.
# Du-sh vmlinuz-2.6.5 is used to check the size of the new kernel
If your Kernel configuration supports Modules, it is easy to solve those problems.
Just compile those. o files.
For example, if Irq and I/O are incorrect, I will go to the/usr/src/linux/drivers/sound directory.
Gcc-o configure. c
./Configure
Select IO, IRQ, etc,
Make
Cp sound. o/lib/modules/2.0.34/misc
Rmmod sound
Insmod sound init_trace = 1
Test it until it succeeds. make menuconfig in/usr/src/linux;
Make dep; make clean; make zImage;... much better.
How to patch the kernel?
# Cd/usr/src/linux
# Bzip2-dc patch-xxx.bz2 | patch
Copy the PATCH file to/usr/src:
# Patch-p0 <patching-2.2.16
# Gzip-cd patch-2.4.x-pre2-ac1.gz | patch-p1-s-N-E-d source code directory
You can use this method to install any patch without having to worry about its file name.
Use lsmod to view the currently loaded module. insmod/rmmod adds and deletes the module. for fs and network modules, kernel can be automatically and dynamically loaded (via kerneld, automatic insmod when needed) and for hardware-related modules (such as NICs and scsicards ), manually add the module, or use kernelcfg in the RedHat Control Panel to select the module (written in/etc/conf. modules (?), In this case, the boot kernel is automatically added.
Customized and compiled kernels run faster (with less code)
The system will have more memory (the kernel part will not be exchanged to the virtual memory)
Compilation of unnecessary functions into the kernel may increase the vulnerability exploited by system attackers.
Compiling a function as a module is slower than compiling it into the kernel.
Check whether swap is enabled (use the free command ). In addition, it is best not to overclock, otherwise it is likely that the signal 11 error will occur, so that half of the core will be stopped.
1. Code maturity level options
Code maturity level. There is only one item: prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers. If you want to test functions that are still in the experimental stage, such as khttpd and IPv6, you must select Y. Otherwise, you can select N.
2. Loadable module support
Enable loadable module support: This item is required unless you want to compile all required content into the kernel.
Set version inFORMation on all module symbols: Optional.
Kernel module loader: enables the Kernel to load required modules at startup. We recommend that you select this module.
3. Processor type and features
High Memory Support: supports large Memory capacity. It can be 4 GB or 64 GB.
Math emulation: coprocessor simulation. Coprocessor is the darling of the 386 age and is no longer needed.
MTTR (memory type range register) support ------ with this option selected, the system will generate the/proc/mtrr file to manage MTRR for use by X server. At the same time, it is used to start the special features of pentinum pro and pentinum II. If you are not using this type of CPU, select N. Otherwise, it will only increase the kernel.
Hierarchical Ric multi-processing support: supports Symmetric multi-processing. Unless you are rich enough to have multiple CPUs, you do not need to choose.
4. General setup
You can use the default settings.
Networking support: network support. Required. We recommend that you select this option if no network adapter is available.
PCI support: supports PCI. If the PCI Card is used, it is required.
PCI access mode: PCI access mode. Options include BIOS, Direct, and Any. Select Any.
Support for hot-pluggabel devices: supports hot swapping devices.
PCMCIA/carw.support: PCMCIA/carw.support.
System V IPC
BSD Process Accounting
Sysctl support: the above three types of support are related to process processing and IPC calls, mainly System V and BSD. If you are not using BSD, follow the default setting.
Power Management support: Power Management support.
Advanced Power Management BIOS support: Advanced Power Management BIOS support.
5. Memory Technology Device (MTD)
MTD device support. Optional.
6. Parallel port support
Parallel Port support. If you do not want to use the serial port, do not select it.
7. Plug and Play configuration
Choose it. You can unplug the mouse and try out the plug-and-play experience in Linux.
8. Block devices
Normal PC floppy disk support: general PC floppy disk support. This should be required.
Mulex DAC960/DAC1100 pci raid Controller support: For RAID images.
Network block device support: supported by Network block devices. If you want to access the Internet neighbors, choose.
10. Telephony Support
Linux supports phone cards, so that you can use a common phone on an IP address to provide voice services. Remember, the phone card has nothing to do with modem.
11. ATA/IDE/MFM/RLL support
This is supported by hard disks, optical drives, tapes, and floppy disks with many interfaces. Use the default options. If you use special devices, such as PCMCIA, find the corresponding options.
12. SCSI support
13. Fusion MPT device support
14. I2O device support
The I2O interface adapter is required for use in Intelligent Input/Output (I2O) system interfaces.
15. Network device support
Network Device Support. Compiled to the kernel. If M is not selected, select Y.
16. Amateur Radio support
Configure amateur Wireless broadcast.
17. IrDA (infrared) support
Infrared support.
18. ISDN subsystem
If you use ISDN to access the Internet, this is essential.
19. Old CD-ROM drivers (not SCSI, not IDE)
Do really thoughtful, originally those who are not SCSI/IDE optical drive who is still using ah, choose it yourself, with IDE CD-ROM don't have to choose.
20. Character devices
Character device. This content is too much. Use the default settings first, and modify the content as needed. Let's introduce the main categories:
I2C support: I2C is a low-speed serial bus protocol used in micro-control applications promoted by Philips. This option is required if you want to select the following Video For Linux.
Mice: Mouse. Now you can select bus, serial port, PS/2, C & T 82C710 mouse port, and PC110 digitizer pad as needed.
Watchdog Cards: although it is called Cards, it can be implemented with pure software, and of course there are hardware. If you select this option, a file named watchdog will be created under your/dev, which can record the running status of your system, it takes about 1 minute to restart the system. With this file, you can restore the system to the state before restart.
21. File systems
22. Console drivers
Console driver. Generally, you can use the VGA text console, the standard 80*25 text console.
23. Sound
Sound Card Driver. If you can find the sound card driver in the list, it is naturally best, otherwise you will try OSS.
24. USB supprot
25. Kernel hacking
With this configuration, you can do some work even when the system crashes. Common users do not need this function. After the configuration, save the disk and exit. Of course, you can save the current configuration file so that the next configuration will save effort. Next, compile.
# Make dep
# Make clean
# Make bzImage or make zImage
# Make modules
# Make modules_install
# Depmod-
Make dep actually reads the configuration file generated during the configuration process to create the dependency tree corresponding to the configuration, so as to decide which ones need to be compiled but those do not need it; run the second command "make clean" to delete the files left in the previous step to avoid some errors. "Yes" is required when you answer Enable loadable module support (CONFIG_MODULES, make modules and make modules_install generate the corresponding modules and copy the modules to the required directories. Strictly speaking, the depmod-a command has nothing to do with the compilation process. It is used to generate dependencies between modules. After you start the new kernel, the module can be correctly located when the module is loaded using The modprobe command.
# Cp/usr/src/linux/System. map/boot/System. map-2.4.18
# Cp/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/bzImage/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18
# Cd/boot; rm-f System. map vmlinuz
# Ln-s vmlinuz-2.4.18 vmlinuz
# Ln-s System. map-2.4.18 System. map
If LILO is used, modify/etc/lilo. conf and add the following items:
Image =/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18
Label = linux240
Read-only
Root =/dev/hda2
The root =/dev/hda2 line must be modified as needed.
#/Sbin/lilo-v
# Shutdown-r now
Use Grub to start the manager. Add the following items.
Title Red Hat Linux (2.4.18)
Root (hd0, 0)
Kernel/vmlinuz-2.4.18 ro root =/dev/hda2
You have installed a graphics card driver, such as Nvidia.
Rpm-e NVIDIA_GLX_XXX (XXX is the version number of your graphics driver, for example, my NVIDIA_GLX-1.0-3123)
Rpm-e kernel dia_kernel_xxxx (same as above)
Delete the previously installed driver.
Rpmbuild -- rebuild your dia_kernel_xxxx and recompile your graphics driver. Compiled files are stored in/usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386 /.
Then install ,,,
Rpm-Uvh NVIDIA_kernel_XXXX.i386.rpm
Rpm-Uvh NVIDIA_GLX_XXXX.i386.rpm
Get it done and restart it.
Compile some functional code that is far away from other parts of the kernel and is not frequently used into a loadable module. This helps reduce the length of the kernel and reduce the memory consumption of the kernel, the impact on the kernel when the corresponding environment change of this function is simplified; do not select a function that is not required; compile some function code that is closely related to and frequently used by the kernel directly into the kernel.
The core is protecting space operation, but the module is not. In this case, my device is not often used. compile it into ext2, ide, and elf. The network card that has been used for a long time is used to compile other modules: for example,. out, java, floppy, iso9960, msdos, minix, vfat, smb, nfs, smcultra (ethernetcard), serial, printer, sound, ppp, and so on. Many of them only take a few minutes here or there. Use the insmod command to join the core when needed. rmmod can also be used to remove it from the core, or lsmod can be used to view the currently loaded modules. There are three items:
# Set version information on all module symbols ------ normally, after we update the core version, the module re-compiles. This option allows you to use previous modules without updating the compilation module. You can leave it unselected. However, if you select y, you must have the genksyms Program (check whether this program is available with the whereis command) according to its description ).
# Kernel module loader ------ enables the Kernel to load required modules at startup. We recommend that you choose this option. Note: at startup, the FS and device driver of partition will be mounted. Remember to compiler the file into the kernel and do not convert it into modules. Do not exaggerate to forget to add ext2fs and IDE dirver compiler into the kernel for full modularization.
# System v ipc If You Want To compile dosemu (DOS simulator) in the future, this option must be selected. It is a process) function libraries that can synchronize and exchange data with each other and call some systems. Without them, many programs cannot be executed.
# Sysctl support ------ unless your memory is low, you should enable this function. When this option is enabled, the kernel will be 8 kb in size, but it allows you to directly change the kernel parameters without restarting the instance.
# Kernel support for A. OUT binaries ------ the execution file of a. out is A relatively old executable code used in earlier UNIX systems. In Linux, this code was also used to execute programs until the executable code in ELF format is displayed, with the advantages of the ELF format, the program code becomes the executable code of ELF. In the future, it is bound to completely replace the executable code in a. out format. But at present, because many programs have not been replaced, we have to choose Y. When one day, all the programs will become the world of ELF, then they will be disable.
# Kernel support for Linux/Intel ELF binaries ------ From above, this of course y mile, because the current gcc-2.7.0 and above all have support for ELF, if not selected this item, A considerable number of programs may be used and thus cannot be executed. For most machines to create an emergency boot disk, it is best to compile in 386, and 386 does not run in the Pentium compiled core. You cannot compile a. out and ELF support into modules at the same time. Otherwise, Catch/22 may occur when you use insmod to load a. out/ELF modules. If your system is mainly ELF and you occasionally need a. out, you can compile a. out support into modules; otherwise, you 'd better put it directly into the kernel. If you haven't entered the ELF century, you can directly remove ELF support in compiler kernel.
# Advanced Power Management BIOS support ------ Advanced Power Management BIOS support. This is usually used on a laptop. If you have an apm bios that supports power-saving devices (with batteries), you can choose this one, the average person chooses n to avoid some possible problems. There are eight options.
# Ipv640 chipset bugfix/support ------ many 486 and 586 motherboards use ipv640 chips, which are a combination of Neptune and SIS chips. However, this chip has its disadvantages. In many cases, it may cause data loss and errors. If you select this option, the Linux core will carefully search for these errors and fix them. In addition, it opens support for two IDE interfaces. However, as mentioned in its description file, if your motherboard does not have a PCI interface, only the VESA bus interface needs to have this function, then you must pass some parameters to the core (ideo = 127640_vlb ). If you are not sure about the above, select Y.
# Ipv640 enhanced support ------ in general, for the hard disk access speed, there is a so-called pio modes value setting, the current IDE interface and BIOS should be able to detect the correct hard disk pio mode value. The higher the value, the faster the hard disk is accessed. However, some motherboard B10S are still old-style and cannot catch a relatively high pio mode value. As a result, the efficiency of the entire hard disk cannot be realized. This setting tells the reader that if your IDE interface is ipv640-based * 1*7 and 586 motherboard are using it. You can check the motherboard manual or the IDE interface card manual for confirmation. As mentioned in the document, selecting this option will reduce the speed, but the data is correct.
# Intel 82371 PIIX (Triton I/II) DMA support ------ for Pentium 586 computers, a considerable number of boards use Intel's Triton chip, the biggest advantage of using this chip is that it supports direct memory access to DMA, saving your CPU time. Your hard disk and motherboard must have an IDE interface chip that supports DMA at the same time to communicate with them directly, thus saving a lot of CPU time.
# Loopback device support ------ most people select N for this option because it is unnecessary. But if you want to mount the iso file, you have to choose Y. This option means that a file can be mounted into a file system. If you want to burn an optical disc, it is very likely that you can check whether the file meets the IS09660 File System Content and your requirements before burning a file. In addition, this file system can be protected. However, if you want to do this, you must have the latest mount program, which is version 2.5X or later. And if you want to add protection to this file system, you will have the des.1.tar.gz program. Note: This is not related to the network.
# Multlnle devices driver support ------ this option turns the entire hard disk partition into a separate block device. You must have the md035.tgz program. Before doing this, back up your hard disk because it is still in the test phase. Generally, N is selected for this option.
# Packet socket ------ select "Y". Some applications will use the Packet protocol to communicate directly with network devices without passing through other mediation protocols in the kernel.
# Kernel/User Network link driver ------ this is the program code in the test and is not required by the average User. According to its description, it allows two-way communication between some parts of the core, module, or program. If you want to use arpd, the program code must be added to the core.
# TCP/IP networking ------ select "Y". The kernel supports the TCP/IP protocol. In any case, please select Y. Even if there is no network card or no device connected to the network, there is still a so-called lookback Device on linux and some programs need this option. As mentioned in the description file, if you do not open this setting, the X-window system may have a problem (it also requires TCP/IP ).
# Network firewils ------ select "Y" and the kernel supports the firewall. If you have an IP address firewalling option, you must select y. However, the forwarding/gatewaying option below must select n for normal operation. Select N for most people.
# Network alasing ------ multiple IP addresses are allowed.
# IP: forwarding/gatewaying ------ is opposite to Firewall. This option is used to ease the network. A gateway (also known as a router) helps ease data transmission between two networks. This machine must have two network cards to connect two networks to ease the network. If this option is selected, it indicates that you want this server to be responsible for performing the router operation. There must be two network cards. In another case, if you have a MODEM (using the SLIP and PPP protocols on the serial interface) and a network card, and use them to connect to the Internet. In this case, you can also run the IP-routing service. You also need to enable this option.
# IP: multicasting ------ the so-called multicasting is a group broadcast protocol used in video conferencing. If you want to send a network packet (network data ), the same copy of data will be sent to ten machines. You can send ten machines (point-to-point transmission) or send them at the same time for ten machines to receive them at the same time. Of course, the latter is better than the former, because video conferencing requires that everyone should receive the same message at the same time, so if you have similar requirements, this option should be enabled. You must also find the relevant software.
# IP: accounting ------ if this option is enabled, you can view the system's record of the overall network condition in/proc/net. Therefore, generally, y is the option. Moreover, if you design to use this Linux machine as a router, you can obtain a lot of information about network lP control and its delivery situation with this option.
# IP: aliasing support ------ with this configuration, You can have several IP addresses. If you already have an lP address and want to add another IP address, you can follow the program below.
In shell, type:
# Ifconfig eth0: 0 other IP addresses (this IP address cannot be the same as other machines)
# Other route-add-host IP addresses dev eth0: 0
# Probe a11 LUNs on each SCSI device ------ most people will not select this option. For example, if your SCSI optical drive is multi-card, it is an optical drive, but you can put several optical disks at a time. This is called Lun.
# Dummy net driver support ------ if there is a SLIP or PPP transmission protocol, open this one. As a result, it will not increase your Linux core. Secondly, for some applications, it can make the simulated TCP/IP environment more like the TCP/IP environment. If you do not have the SLIP or PPP protocol, you do not need to open it.
# EQL (serial line load balancing) support ------ if there are two MODEM, two telephone lines, and the SLIP or PPP protocol is used, you can use this Driver to speed your MODEM twice. Of course, you must have the same device on the other end of the network.
# PLIP (parallel port) support ------ literally, it is an interface that uses a printer (parallel Interface) and then uses point-to-point to simulate the TCP/IP environment. It and SLIP/PPP all belong to point-to-point communication, you can connect two computers using the printer connection interface, and then add this communication protocol. In this way, the two computers are equivalent to a small network. However, if the computer provides the printing service, it is best not to enable this option, otherwise it may be faulty (because it uses parallel interfaces ).
# PPP (point-to-point) support ------ point-to-point Protocol. In recent years, the PPP protocol has gradually replaced SLIP, because the PPP protocol can obtain the same IP address, SLIP has been changing the IP address. In many ways, PPP is better than SLIP.
# SLIP (serial line) support ------ this is a common communication protocol in the MODEM family. You must obtain an IP address through a Server (ISP) and then use this IP address to simulate the Ethernet network, use a program related to TCP/IP.
# EISA, VLB, PCI and on board controllers ------ select a network card, including the one directly attached to the motherboard. If you select y, other network cards will be listed below for your selection. These cards are rarely used by ordinary people. So most people choose N.
# Pocket and portable adaptors ------ usually used on portable computers. This type of network card (Pocket-shaped) is very small and convenient for installation and removal, therefore, this network card is often used on laptop-related computers.
# Token Ring driver support ------ Token Ring is a network on an IBM computer. It is called a ring network, which is similar to an Ethernet network. If you want to use the Token Ring Network Card to connect to this network, select Y, N for most people.
12. Amateur Radio support Amateur Wireless broadcast
It can be used to enable basic support for wireless networks. Currently, wireless networks can transmit data through public frequencies. If you have such devices, you can enable them. For details, see AX25 and ham howto documents.
# Standard/generic (dumb) serial support ------- select "y", the kernel will support serial port. Select a standard sequence interface. If you use a serial mouse (most people use this mouse) or a MODEM, You must select this one. Most people choose y.
# Support for console on serial port ------ select "y". The kernel can use a serial port as the system console.
# I2C support ------ I2C is a low-speed serial bus protocol used by Philips in micro-control applications. This option is required if you want to select the following Video For Linux.
# Mice mouse. Now supports bus, serial port, PS/2, C & T 82C710 mouse port, PC110 digitizer pad ------ select as needed. Non-serial mouse, supports PS/2. Take a look at your mouse key. Many double-bond mice are PS/2 even if their connections look serial ..
# Digiboard PC/Xx Support ------ this is a driver named Digiboard PC/XX card, which has many serial port slots (generally only two) on the card and can be used to connect multiple MODEM, it is often used on BBS sites. If you have such a thing, you must select y. Interested readers can read the content of Documentation/digiboard.txt.
# Alibaba ades async mux support ------ same as above, which is also a driver that can be connected to many cards in the serial port slot.
# Stallion multlport serial support ------ same as above, which is also one of the cards.
# SDL RISCom/8 card support ------ this is also one of the drivers supporting the muti-serial card.
# Parallel printer support ------ persons with printers or using Parallel interfaces must be selected. Unless it is a serial printer. If you use PLIP, select this option.
# Mouse support ------ most people do not use y. Because most people use the serial mouse, unless some people use a mouse with an interface card, this option will be selected. If you choose y, the interface cards used by your BUS mouse are listed below.
# Support for user misc device modules ------ select n unless you have something like a touch display or a light pen.
# Watchdog Timer support ------ this option is not required by the average person. If you select this option, you must create a watchdog file under/dev with mknod. See the Documentation/watchlog.txt explanation.
# Enhanced Real Time Clock Support ------ you must use mknod to create a file named rtc in/dev. In this way, you can see the rtc information under/proc. For more information about rtc, see Documentation/rtc.txt. N is generally selected.
# Kernel automounter support ------ select "y" and the Kernel will provide support for automounter so that the system will automatically mount the Remote File System at startup.
# Standard (minix) ------ the new kit no longer creates a minix file system, and many people do not use it, but it is still a good idea to configure it in the core. Some of the "rescue-disk" programs will use it, and there are still many CIDS that may use the minix file system, because the minix file system is the best for processing the disk. Minix file systems are usually used on disks and sometimes used.
# Extended fs ------ this is the first version of the Extended file system and is no longer used.
# Second extented fs ------ this is a file system widely used in the new suite, and you may have one. This is a linux File System. y is required.
# Xiafs filesystem-this file system was once quite popular, but I didn't know anyone was using it when I was writing this file.
# Umsdos: UNIX like fs on top of std msdos fat fs ------ select this option if you load Linux into a DOS directory. We do not recommend that you do this because long file names cannot be seen. In addition, the well is not very good in terms of efficiency.
# Ums-dos ------ A fairly slick file system that gives a MS-DOS file system more features, such as long names. This is not useful to people who don't use MS-DOS (like me.
# System V and Coherent ------ this is set for the partition of System V and Coherent. If you want to support the FS of UNIX systems related to System V or Xenix and read their data, You must select this option. Otherwise, n is selected.
# Mandatory lock support ------ some special database application software will use it. Generally, this option is n. In addition, if you select y, you must have the latest NFS software and samba software.
# NCP filesystem support ------ NCP is a network communication protocol used to run the IPX protocol. It can use IPX protocol to share files between two computers and communicate with each other. If you want to mount the Netware File System related to Novell, choose this option.
#/Dev/dsp and/dev/audio support ------ this option is usually necessary. Therefore, most people choose y. Without this option, many games will have no sound effect.
# MIDI interface support ------ supports the MIDI interface.
# I/O base for SB Check from manual of the card ------ the I/O address of the sound card. Brackets are common options.
# Sound Blaster IRQ Check from manual of the card ----- the IRQ of the Sound card, usually 1 or 5.
# Sound Blaster DMA 0, 1 for 3 ----- Sound card DMA, usually 1.
# Sound Blaster 16 bit DMA 5, 6 or 7 (usel for 8 bitcards) (SB. DMA2) ----- 5
# Additional low level drivers ------ if there are other types of sound cards, select this option. Other sound cards are listed below.
Kernel profiling support (v1.3)
This option can enable the kernel efficiency statistics function, and provide other
Information useful for system error detection. These functions will have to pay some price and cause
System execution is slow, unless you are studying a problem in the kernel, you should
Answer N.
21. Kernel hacking security mode
Generally speaking, this is a windows security mode. If you cannot find a clear explanation, you can reference this statement.> This is excerpted from the README of Linus: the details of the "kernel hacking" configuration usually generate a larger or slower core (or large and slow ), in addition, it may be because some regular configurations are very active to try to interrupt some bad program codes to find out the problems in the core, which makes the core unstable. So if you want to generate a core "product ",
# Shutdown-r now
Hot Start or ctrl + Alt + del is not recommended. In some cases, if the file system is not fully unloaded, it will damage the opened files. If you do not see the startup prompt, you can try shift or ctrl to display the startup prompt. Once it appears, press tab to view the core tag. Enter tags and optional parameters to start. Press the TAB key and enter linux2.6.5 when LILO appears after the machine restarts. The new kernel plays a role.
The default value of Ethernet is the PCI ethernet card. The default support for ne2000 is build-in, that is, no module is set. Therefore, if your network card is ISA, so it is necessary to select the other ISA card, it is best to remove the PCI intel pro option, and change the ne2000 support option to the module.
