Linux beginner's Learning Guide

Article Title: Linux beginner's Learning Guide. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Includes basic categories such as desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open source.
Study Guide
　　
　　
1. How to quickly master Linux?
　　
The method is more hands-on, brain-triggered, and often compared with Windows during learning. It is recommended that you first install RedHat Linux, then practice how to configure it, how to use Linux commands, how to operate in X-WINDOWS, how to install application software in Linux, how to access the Internet, edit documents, play multimedia files, and play games in Linux.
　　
There is only one quick start method, that is, more hands-on operations to see if you can complete the above work.
　　
2. What are the similarities and differences between Linux and Windows?
　　
Windows is a graphical interface, Linux similar to the previous DOS, is a text interface, if you run the graphical interface program X-WINDOWS, Linux can also display the graphical interface, there are also start menu, desktop, icons and so on.
　　
Windows has the MS-DOS mode, in this mode by entering the doscommand to operate the computer; while Linux is similar to Windows, also has the command mode, Linux after startup if not run the X-WINDOWS, in command mode, you must issue a command to operate the computer. In addition, there are many applications in Linux. After installing and running these software, you can edit documents, images, play games, access the Internet, and play multimedia files on Linux.
　　
However, the partition format and directory structure of Linux are quite different from those of Windows, and the installation methods of application software are also different.
　　
3. Precautions for installing Linux
　　
Before installation, determine the partition in which Linux is installed. Linux also has two partitions: system partition and Swap partition (similar to Windows virtual partition, that is, Swap file. The partition formats supported by Linux are different from those supported by Windows. Therefore, if Windows can continue to be used after Linux is installed, Linux should be installed in the last extended partition of the hard disk partition; next, the Linux Swap partition must be 60 MB, and the system partition must be at least 240 MB. In addition, collect PC hardware information, especially the display information, before installation, this directly determines the effect of the GUI program after you install Linux. Note the case when you enter commands during installation and use.
　　
4. Master the Linux directory structure
　　
The directory structure of Linux is different from that of Windows, and the directory of Linux cannot be seen in Windows. In turn, the Directory of Linux cannot be seen in Windows. The meanings of directories in Linux are as follows:
　　
Directory Name meaning
/Vmlinuz the directory stores the system kernel
/Bin: Common commands used to store Linux in this directory. In some versions, the commands are the same as those in the root directory.
/Boot this directory stores all the programs used during system startup. some information here will be used when lilo is used to guide Linux.
/Dev this directory contains all external devices used in Linux. It is actually the port used to access these external devices. You can access these external devices, it is no different from accessing a file or directory. For example, if you type "cd/dev/cdrom" in the system, you can see the files in the optical drive. If you type "cd/dev/mouse", you can see the files related to the mouse.
/Cdrom the directory is empty when the system is just installed. You can mount the optical drive file system to this directory, for example, "mount/dev/cdrom"
/Etc
This directory stores various configuration files and subdirectories used for system management, such as network configuration files, file systems, X system configuration files, device configuration information, and user information.
/Sbin this directory is used to store system management programs of the system administrator.
/Home if you create a user named "xx", there is a corresponding "/home/xx" path under the/home directory to store the user's home directory.
/Lib This directory is used to store the shared libraries dynamically connected by the system. Almost all applications will use the shared libraries in this directory.
/Lost + found this directory is empty in most cases. However, some files are temporarily stored here after a sudden power failure or abnormal shutdown.
/Mnt this directory is usually empty. You can temporarily mount another file system to this directory.
/Proc can obtain system information in this directory, which is generated by the system itself in the memory.
/Root if you log on as a Super User, this is the main directory of the Super User.
/Tmp is used to store temporary files generated during execution of different programs
/Many usr applications and files are stored in this directory.
　　
5. Common Linux commands
　　
If a command is not used in Linux command Line mode, you can run "man [command]" to get help from this command. If you want to know the parameters of a command, you can call command-help to obtain the result.
　　
Note: The input format of parameters in linux is different from that in dos. A space should be entered after the command, and then "-" should be entered. Then, one or more parameters should be followed; in addition, linux is case sensitive!
　　
The following describes the most common commands in linux. Each Command is compared with the corresponding DOS command and lists some common parameters.
　　
Command Parameter meaning
Ls
-A lists the hidden files in the system. In linux, the hidden files are represented by the file name format. Unlike dos, they are represented by file attributes, that is, as long as the file is ". it is an implicit file.
-L is listed in length. Is to list all the information of the file or directory, a file occupies a row
It is equivalent to the dir command in dos and a command for listing files.
The commands for converting directories are the same as those for cd in dos. Note: To go to the upper-level directory in linux, enter "cd .." instead of "cd .." in dos, that is, there must be a space after "cd ".
Pwd is used to list the current directory commands, which is equivalent to the cd commands without parameters in dos. For example:
[Root @ ttqq bin] # pwd/usr/bin [root @ ttqq bin] # This indicates that it is currently in the "/usr/bin" directory.
Mkdir
-M mode indicates the default directory mode when a directory is created. This is a function not available in dos and Windows, mainly about permissions.
Create a new directory, which is equivalent to the dos md command. Generally, mkdir [dirname] is used.
Rmdir: Delete the Directory, which is equivalent to the dos rd command.
Usage: rmdir [dirname]
Cat appends a file after the file or prints the file content on the screen. The append function is equivalent to dos copy file1 + file2, while printing the file content on the screen can be analogous to dos typeml. If the file is too large to be fully displayed on one screen, use the more command.
The more sub-screen displays the file content, which is roughly the same as the more command in dos, but can be used with other commands. For example: cat/home/eec/myfile | more.
Cp
　　
-R is equivalent to dos xcopy/s. It is used to copy all subdirectories and files in a directory. It is equivalent to copy files in dos. It is used in the same way as copy in dos.