What you should know about Linux and Windows

For Linux and Windows, what you should know-general Linux technology-Linux technology and application information. The following is a detailed description. Recently, I have been asked several questions about the differences between Windows and Linux. I can't look at the information for one afternoon. I 've sorted it out to help me understand the Linux operating system.

The biggest difference between the two operating systems is that the kernel is different. Linux is an open-source operating system and can be changed by anyone or any organization, and re-release (of course, only the Linux release version is released, and its kernel is still being maintained and released by Linus ), linux patches are constantly updated to the kernel, so that the system resources and disk space are not consumed, greatly improving the system availability. Windows has not published any source code so far, but its copyright will be infringed by any changes made to it. Once its system is leaked, it can only be repaired by automatically updating or downloading official patches, this reduces security. With the increase of patches, the system runs slowly, and the efficiency of users is greatly reduced. At the same time, the disk space occupied by the system continues to expand.

Linux was developed after Linus prototype, and tens of millions of programmers around the world were continuously developed in their spare time, while Windows was developed by thousands of people, it lags behind Linux in all aspects. The latest Windows operating systems VASTA and Windows2008 use many Linux kernel modules. Many people think that Windows is just a habit and software compatibility, which makes some programs unable to run in linux. Many people joke that Linux has grown up with open source code, which is sufficient to demonstrate its superiority. Windows only needs to publish its Code for a maximum of three days, the Windows operating system will face a devastating blow and cannot be used at all.

File System:
Windows uses FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS file systems. FAT16 and FAT32 are generally used in Win9X, and the maximum partition is 32 GB, however, the cluster size of the FAT format file system is not fixed. It will waste disk space as the partition grows and increases; NTFS is a file system in Windows NT operating systems. As far as FAT file systems are concerned, NTFS enhances reliability and fault tolerance. It provides long file names, data protection, and recovery, implement directory and file licenses and certificates to achieve better security. The fixed cluster size is 4 K, and the maximum partition space is 2 TB, which will not change with the increase of partitions, it saves more disk space and reads faster than the FAT file system, but its compatibility is not as good as that of FAT (the above file systems can be used by operating systems after Win2000 ).

Linux uses EXT2, EXT3, REIZER, and other file systems (because Linux is an open-source operating system, there are many file systems, in the above 3, there are many and more standard file systems ). The EXT2 file system is a standard file system in GNU Linux. It features excellent file reading performance, the size of a single file is related to the upper limit of the file system's local capacity and the cluster size of the file system. In general X866 computer systems, if the cluster size is 4 kb, the maximum size of a single file is 2048 GB, the maximum file system capacity is 16384 GB. The maximum partition size supported by the file system in Linux is not fixed, because the kernel version upgrade may change. EXT3 is a log file system, which is an extension of EXT2 and compatible with EXT2. Linux manages partitions as a folder during partition loading.

You can manually adjust the cluster size in either a Windows file system or a Linux File System. Many Windows file systems are fixed while Linux is not fixed, it is constantly being upgraded and improved. The file systems under the two operating systems can flexibly organize individual file systems, and the Administrator determines where they can be accessed.

Port and device:
Both operating systems support ports of various physical devices, such as parallel ports, serial ports, and USB ports. Supports various controllers, such as IDE and SCSI controllers. Linux is far better than Linux in terms of hardware compatibility. Linux also supports many standard hardware that are just listed. Linux does not need to install the system driver after installing the operating system. Many drivers are integrated with the kernel, while Windows does. For example, Windows does not have ideal compatibility with SATA interfaces.

Network:
Both Linux and Windows support multiple network protocols, such as TCP/IP, NetBIOS, and IPX. Supports multiple types of network adapters. All have the ability to share resources through the network, such as shared files and printing. Can provide network service capabilities, such as DHCP and DNS.

Strictly speaking, the network function of Linux is better than that of Windows, largely because Linux is a network operating system. Linux is designed for network operating systems. Its design is inspired by the Unix operating system, so its command design is simple, or concise. Because plain text can work well across networks, Linux configuration files and data are based on text. For those familiar with the graphic environment, the Linux server may be relatively primitive. However, Linux development focuses more on its internal functions than on the surface.

Desktop:
Linux has graphical components. Linux supports high-end graphics adapters and monitors, and is fully qualified for graphics-related work. However, the graphic environment is not integrated into Linux, but a separate layer running on the system. This means that you can run the GUI only or as needed. To put it simply, GUI is an application software running on a Linux system. Windows desktops are integrated into the kernel and cannot run independently or be disabled.