Linux commands required by beginners and Cainiao

For a Linux newbie or Cainiao, using Linux commands to help execute tasks is a basic requirement. the following commands are the basic commands that every Linux newbie must master, let's start from here.

I. basic file directory operations
Ls command: indicates the meaning of List Directory Contents. Run it to list the contents in the folder.

Copy codeCode: $ ls # View files in the current directory
Conf lnmp_install.sh README vhost_ngx_pagespeed.sh
Init. sh ngx_pagespeed.sh source vhost. sh
$ Ls conf # View files in the conf Directory
The index.html nginx. conf pureftpd-mysql.conf tz. php
Init. d. nginx pure-ftpd.conf script. mysql
$ Ls-a # show all files (including hidden files starting with a dot ,)
. Conf lnmp_install.sh README vhost_ngx_pagespeed.sh
. Init. sh ngx_pagespeed.sh source vhost. sh
$ Ls-l # displays detailed information about a file in a long format. you can view the file permission, owner, and date.
Total 60
Drwxr-xr-x 2 root 4096 Jul 25 conf
-Rwxr-xr-x 1 root 5720 Jul 25 18:14 init. sh
-Rwxr-xr-x 1 root 21011 Jul 25 18:14 lnmp_install.sh
-Rwxr-xr-x 1 root 1983 Jul 25 18:14 ngx_pagespeed.sh
-Rw-r -- 1 root 392 Jul 25 18:14 README
Drwxr-xr-x 15 root 4096 Jul 27 13:58 source
-Rwxr-xr-x 1 root 4865 Jul 26 21:58 vhost_ngx_pagespeed.sh
-Rwxr-xr-x 1 root 3774 Jul 25 18:14 vhost. sh
Pwd command: print the current directory, that is, display the full path of the current working directory in the terminal.

Copy codeThe code is as follows: # pwd
/Root/lnmp

Cd command: switch the directory in the terminal

Copy codeThe code is as follows:
# Cd ../# enter the upper Directory
# Cd ../# go to the upper-level Directory
# Cd ~ # Enter the home directory of the current user
# Cd/root/lnmp/conf # enter the/root/lnmp/conf Directory
Mkdir command: create a new directory

Copy codeThe code is as follows:
$ Mkdir linuxeye # Create a linuxeye Directory
$ Mkdir-p backup/SQL # recursively create a directory (if the directory does not exist, create it)
Rm command: delete files or directories (please use it with caution)

Copy codeThe code is as follows:
$ Rm init. sh # Delete the init. sh file (the directory cannot be deleted without the-r parameter)
$ Rm-r conf # recursively delete a file or directory (you can delete a folder. The system will ask you if you want to delete the folder. enter y to confirm the deletion and press Enter)
$ Rm-rf backup # delete files or directories recursively without asking (-f parameters are used with caution)
Mv command: move a file or folder

Copy codeThe code is as follows:
$ Mv linux linuxeye # Rename a linux file or directory to linuxeye
$ Mv vhost. sh conf/# Move vhost. sh to the conf Directory
Cp command: copy a file or directory

Copy codeThe code is as follows:
$ Cp linux linuxeye # Copy a linux file and name it linuxeye (if the linuxeye directory exists, copy the linux file to the linuxeye directory without changing the file name to linux)
$ Cp-r linuxeye/conf/# Copy the linuxeye Directory (including files) to the conf Directory
Wget: download files from the network

Copy codeThe code is as follows: $ wget cat & grep: View file content and powerful pipeline commands
[Code] $ cat vhost. sh | grep linuxeye # display vhost. sh to filter lines containing linuxeye characters

II. view and manage system resources
Df-h

Copy codeThe code is as follows:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use % Mounted on
/Dev/xvda 24 GB 13G 9.9G 55%/
Tmpfs 501 M 108 K 501 M 1%/dev/shm
Top # dynamically View resources consumed by processes (cpu and memory)
Top-H # view the resource consumption of each thread
Free-m # View memory and swap usage. you can also view top
III. compression and decompression
Tar

Copy codeThe code is as follows:
$ Tar czf linuxeye.tar.gz./linuxeye # tar package compression
$ Tar xzf linuxeye.tar.gz # decompress
Zip & unzip # Adding The-q parameter does not display the compression process

Copy codeThe code is as follows:
$ Zip-r linuxeye.zip./linuxeye # zip compression
$ Unzip-q linuxeye.zip # quiet zip extraction
IV. MySQL database operations

Copy codeThe code is as follows:
# Mysqldump-uroot-pmysqlpwd -- opt -- database linuxeye> linuxeye. SQL
Root is the user name, mysqlpwd is the password, linuxeye database name, and eye. SQL backup SQL

# Mysql-uroot-p # enter MySQL management through the command line
Enter password:

Mysql> source linuxeye. SQL # import SQL, which is usually used for database recovery

As a result, the commands described above will allow new users to master basic application commands on Linux and upgrade from Cainiao to novice users by using these commands skillfully.