MySQL multiple instances on Ubuntu

Source: Internet
Author: User
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Production systems must take care of security and tweaking no covered by this post

The post looks long, but you can get another instance of MySQL running in less than 5 mins

Assumptions

    1. OS: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Server Edition –up to date

    2. Already have MySQL installed that comes default with 12.04–you can easily install LAMP with the command Tasksel

    3. MySQL Server version:5.5.34-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (Ubuntu)

    4. You have OS root privileges

    5. Default MySQL is running on port 3306

What would we do

    1. Set up 2 + MySQL instances on ports 3307 and 3308

    2. Each instance would have their own config files, data directories and log directories

Stopping default MySQL instance

sudo service mysql Stopsudo ps-a | grep MySQL

Creating Data Directories

  • MySQL cannot share data directories, so we need to set up new ones

  • Default basedir =/usr, this can be shared across instances

  • Default instance port = 3306 and data dir =/var/lib/mysql

  • new instance port = 3307 and data dir =/var/lib/mysql3307

  • new instance port = 3308 and data dir =/var/lib/mysql3308

  • MySQL must own data dirs

  • we need to set rules in AppArmor MySQL access the new dirs

sudo mkdir/var/lib/mysql3307sudo mkdir/var/lib/mysql3308sudo chown-r mysql/var/lib/mysql3307sudo chown-r mysql/var/l ib/mysql3308

Creating Log Directories

    • Create separate log dirs for new MySQL instances

    • Default log dir = /var/log/mysql

    • New log dir for 3307 = /var/log/mysql/mysql3307

    • New log dir for 3308 = /var/log/mysql/mysql3308

    • Log dirs must be owned by MySQL

    • Note That/var/log/mysql already have AppArmor permissions for MySQL, so any dir under it also have access

sudo mkdir/var/log/mysql/mysql3307sudo mkdir/var/log/mysql/mysql3308sudo chown-r mysql/var/log/mysql/mysql3307sudo Chown-r mysql/var/log/mysql/mysql3308

Creating Config files

  • Create the config files for new instances by copying default file

  • Default Config file = /etc/mysql/my.cnf

  • Config file for 3307 = /etc/mysql/my3307.cnf

  • Config file for 3308 = /etc/mysql/my3308.cnf

  • See Config files on GitHub

  • /etc/mysql/my3307.cnf

  • /etc/mysql/my3308.cnf

  • Special care have to is taken so, these values are different

  • DataDir

  • Server-id

  • All Port Entries

  • All socket Entries

  • All Pid-file Entries

  • All logs file entries, general, error, binary etc

sudo cp/etc/mysql/my.cnf/etc/mysql/my3307.cnfsudo cp/etc/mysql/my.cnf/etc/mysql/my3308.cnf

Apparmor settings (skip if you dont has this)

    • AppArmor is a application Firewall–comes installed default with Ubuntu server

    • Command Aa-status 'll show you if it's loaded

    • Default AppArmor profile for MySQL = /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld

    • Put additional rules in /etc/apparmor.d/local/usr.sbin.mysqld

    • Specify the correct data dirs, PID and socket files for each instance–see file on GitHub

    • /etc/apparmor.d/local/usr.sbin.mysqld

    • After modifying, restart AppArmor

sudo service AppArmor Reload

Installing new MySQL Instances

    • Install MySQL files into the new data dirs for Port 3307 and Port 3308

    • After this, under all new Data dir, you'll see the MySQL, Performance_schema and test dirs

    • This would install MySQL with default settings, no root password

    • In the below commands, you can use the –-verbose flag to see more details

sudo mysql_install_db--user=mysql--basedir=/usr--datadir=/var/lib/mysql3307--defaults-file=/etc/mysql/ My3307.cnfsudo mysql_install_db--user=mysql--basedir=/usr--datadir=/var/lib/mysql3308--defaults-file=/etc/mysql /my3308.cnf

Starting the MySQL instances

    • Start the default instance on 3306

    • Start instances on 3307 and 3308 in the background

sudo service MySQL startsudo-b mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my3307.cnf--user=mysqlsudo-b Mysqld_safe-- DEFAULTS-FILE=/ETC/MYSQL/MY3308.CNF--user=mysql

Accessing the new instances

    • Note the new instances on 3307 and 3308 won't have a root password

    • It is important to specify host and host=127.0.0.1

    • If host is omitted, or localhost was given, then default instance is assumed (on 3306)

    • Remember to explicitly specify host and port for all commands

Mysql-h 127.0.0.1--port=3307-u rootmysql-h 127.0.0.1--port=3308-u Root

Shutting down the MySQL instances

    • We'll use Mysqladmin to cleanly shutdown

    • It is important to specify host and and port

    • No password for now

Mysqladmin-h 127.0.0.1--port=3307-u root shutdownmysqladmin-h 127.0.0.1--port=3308-u root shutdown

Post installation set up (for each instance)

    • Update Root password

    • drop All anonymous Users–check for users with empty username

    • Drop DATABASE Test

    • Flush Privileges

Update Mysql.user set Password=password (' Myrootpassword ') where user= ' root ';d ROP database test;drop user ' @ ' localhost ' ;d ROP user ' @ '% ';d ROP user ' @ ' ubuntu '; flush privileges;

Starting new instances on boot and reboot

    • Put commands in the file /etc/rc.local to start new instances on boot

    • The rc.local file would look like this

Sudo-b mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my3307.cnf--user=mysqlsudo-b mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/etc/mysql/ MY3308.CNF--user=mysqlexit 0

Troubleshooting

  • Most of the time, the problem are due to incorrect permissions, or incorrect config files or apparmor

  • Check error logs in/var/log/mysql for each instance

  • Make sure, each MySQL config have different values for variables

  • Make sure that directory permissions is correct, MySQL must own data and log dirs

  • Remember to specify host and port explicitly when connecting

  • If connecting from a remote host, check the bind-address config variable with the config file for the instance

  • If connecting from remote host, make sure that ports 3307 and 3308 is open and no other applications is using them

  • Make sure this all dirs has the AppArmor permissions and you have reloaded apparmor.

  • Can see enties like the below in /var/log/syslog if AppArmor is blocking MySQL

Nov 7 11:51:16 ubuntu kernel: [1080.756609] type=1400 Audit (1383843076.476:32): apparmor= "DENIED" operation= "Mknod" parent=2749 profile= "/usr/sbin/mysqld" name= "/var/lib/mysql1/ibdata1" pid=3559 comm= "mysqld" requested_mask= "C" Denied_mask= "C" fsuid=102 ouid=102

Finally–bash Aliases If you need

    • To make commands simpler to type, can set up bash aliases

    • Put the below aliases or WHA Tever want, in a file called. Bash_aliases in your home dir

    • If The file was not found, create it IN&N Bsp ~/.bash_aliases

    • Remember to open a new shell for these commands to take effect

########### MySQL @ 3307 ############################# #alias mysql3307-start= ' Sudo-b mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/etc /mysql/my3307.cnf--user=mysql ' Alias mysql3307-stop= ' mysqladmin-h 127.0.0.1--port=3307-u root shutdown-p ' Alias mysql3307-root= ' mysql-h 127.0.0.1--port=3307-u root-p ' ########### mysql @ 3308 ############################# #alias my Sql3308-start= ' Sudo-b mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my3308.cnf--user=mysql ' Alias mysql3308-stop= ' Mysqladmin-h 127.0.0.1--port=3308-u Root shutdown-p ' Alias mysql3308-root= ' mysql-h 127.0.0.1--port=3308-u root-p '


MySQL multiple instances on Ubuntu

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