PHP-FPM detailed

PHP-FPM detailed

Original link: http://php-fpm.anight.org/
wiki:http://www.php-fpm.com/
Translation: http://syre.blogbus.com/logs/20092011.html

What is FastCGI

FastCGI is a scalable, high-speed interface for communication between Web servers and scripting languages. More information on fastcgi technology can be found on the official website and Wikipedia.

FastCGI is supported by many scripting languages, including PHP, if compiled with the--enable-fastcgi option.

Most popular Web servers support FastCGI. including Apache (mod_fastcgi and Mod_fcgid), Zeus,nginx and lighttpd.

The main advantage of FastCGI is that it separates dynamic language from Web server. This technology allows Web servers and dynamic languages to run on different hosts. This can improve scalability and security without significant efficiency losses.

PHP-FPM can be used with any Web server that supports external FastCGI technology.

What is PHP-FPM for?

Unfortunately, PHP on the official website Php.net has many known issues with FastCGI SAPI for production environments.

The following is a list of the issues that are related to enabling FastCGI SAPI and how php-fpm resolves their comparisons.

Description PHP comes with spawn-fcgi + spawn-php.sh + daemontools php-fpm

PHP Daemon: PID file, log file, Setsid (), setuid (), Setgid (), chroot ()	(-)	(+)	(+)
Process Management. You can use "graceful" to stop and start the PHP worker process without losing the request. The ability to smoothly upgrade the configuration and binaries without losing any requests.	PHP4 (-), php5 (only graceful)	(-)	(+)
The IP address of the Web server that strictly restricts the source request	PHP4 (-) php5 (+) (starting from 5.2.2)	(-)	(+)
Dynamically adjust the number of processes based on load	(-)	(-)	Todo
Start the Worder process with different uid/gid/chroot/environment and different php.ini options. You don't need safe mode!	(-)	(-)	(+)
Logging worker processes stdout and stderr logs	(-)	(-)	(+)
If the optimizer is used, an emergency restart of all processes in case of accidental corruption of shared memory	(-)	(-)	(+)
If Set_time_limit () fails, ensure that the process ends	(-)	(-)	(+)
Featured function Error header, optimized upload support, fastcgi_finish_request ()

Featured Features

All of these features are implemented in a "no-break" manner. In other words, if you do not use them, their presence will not affect the functionality of PHP?? They are all "transparent".

Error Header
Range: php.ini options
Category: Convenience

By default, if the PHP script being accessed contains a syntax error, the user receives an empty "OK" page. This is not convenient. Error header This php.ini option allows an HTTP error code to be generated in this case, such as "http/1.0 550 server made Big Boo", which interrupts the Web Server request and displays a correct error page.

If you want to implement such a feature, you need to add a fastcgi.error_header = "http/1.0 550 Server made Big Boo" in php.ini

A similar, but not identical, feature was added to php-5.2.4: If the php script being accessed contains a syntax error and display_errors = off, it returns "http/1.0 Internal Server Error" immediately.

If you need to set a 503 error, or want to make this behavior independent of the display_errors settings, then you can use Fastcgi.error_header. If you enable PHP-FPM on php-5.2.5 or above, the fastcgi.error_header has a higher priority.

Optimized upload support
Essence: Web Server support
Type: Optimization

This feature, like the name, speeds up processing of large POST requests, including file uploads. Optimization is achieved by writing the request body to a temporary file, and then passing the file name to the FASTCGI protocol instead of the request body. As far as I know, only nginx0.5.9 and above support this function. Obviously, this mode is only available when PHP and Web server are on a single machine.

Nginx Sample configuration:

Location ~ \.php$ {
Fastcgi_pass_request_body off;
Client_body_in_file_only clean;
Fastcgi_param request_body_file $request _body_file;
...
Fastcgi_pass ...;
}

There is no need to configure anything in PHP. If PHP receives the parameter request_body_file, it reads the request body, and if not, reads the request body from the FASTCGI protocol itself.

In combination with this feature, you can consider using a memory file system for temporary files, such as TMPFS (Linux):

Client_body_temp_path/dev/shm/client_body_temp;

Fastcgi_finish_request ()
Scope: PHP functions
Type: Optimization

This feature can improve the processing speed of some PHP requests. If some processing can be done after the page has been generated, you can use this optimization. For example, saving a session in Memcached can be done after the page is handed over to the Web server. Fastcgi_finisth_request (), which can end the response output, the Web server can immediately start handing over to the impatient client, and at this point, PHP can handle many things in the context of the request. For example, save session, convert uploaded videos, handle statistics, and so on.

Fastcgi_finisth_request () will trigger the shutdown function to run.

Request_slowlog_timeout
Range: php-fpm.conf options
Category: Convenient

This option allows you to track the execution of slow scripts and log them together with the call stack. For example, the following settings:

5s
Logs/slow.log

The recorded slow.log may look like this:

SEP 16:22:19.399162 pid 29715 (pool default)
Script_filename =/local/www/stable/www/catalogue.php
[0x00007fff23618120] mysql_query ()/srv/stable/common/database/class. Mysqlrequest.php:20
[0x00007fff23618560] GetResult ()/srv/stable/common/database/class. facade.php:106
[0x00007fff23618aa0] Query ()/srv/stable/common/mysite.com/orm/class.usersmapper.php:99
[0x00007fff23618d60] Resolvebyid ()/srv/stable/common/mysite.com/orm/class.user.php:629
[0x00007fff236193b0] GetData ()/srv/stable/common/class. Dataentity.php:90
[0x00007fff236195d0] Load ()/srv/stable/common/mysite.com/orm/class.user.php:587
[0x00007fff23619a00] Getishidden ()/srv/stable/common/mysite.com/class.user.php:42
[0x00007fff2361a470] GetName ()/local/www/stable/www/catalogue.php:41

At the same time, the following records are saved in Error.log:

Sep 16:22:19.399031 [WARNING] fpm_request_check_timed_out (), line 135:child 29715, script '/local/www/stable/www/ Catalogue.php ' (pool default) executing too slow (5.018002 sec), logging

As you can see in the example, the script runs for more than 5 seconds and is likely due to a slow MySQL response (top backtrace).

FAQ

Can q:php-fpm be used with zendoptimize?
A: It's perfectly possible.

Can q:php-fpm be used with optimizations such as Zendplatform, XCache, Eaccelerator, APC, etc.?
A: Yes. The PHP-FPM architecture and any kind of shared memory for high-speed opcode caching are applicable. The only limitation is that all worker processes can only be used for one cache, even if they run with different uid/gid

Q: Why do I have to patch PHP? SPAWN-FCGI don't need this!
A:PHP-FPM is created to enhance ease of management. PHP that has not been patched does not:

Smooth restart PHP without losing requests, including upgrading PHP binaries and/or extensions.
Running worker processes with different uid/gid/chroot environments
All settings have only one configuration file
Based on load dynamic request (TODO)
Real-time statistical performance for PHP requests (TODO)

Q: Why run php-fpm with root? Is it safe?
A: Starting php-fpm with Root is only meaningful if you plan to use different uid/gid PHP to handle requests. For example, a different site on a shared host. Because only when the master process is running with root, you can create sub-processes of different uid/gid. This is quite safe. The master process itself never handles requests.
In any case, PHP-FPM does not use root to process the request.

Can q:php-fpm speed up php script processing?
A: No, it does not affect the processing speed. However, if you use some special features, you can have a performance boost for some specific requests.

Q: If I move my site from mod_php to PHP-FPM, will I get a performance boost?
A: Typically, when there is a large amount of free memory available on the server, the performance gains from migrating to PHP-FPM may be modest. However, if the memory is not abundant, the performance improvement is very considerable, in some cases can reach 300-500%. This may be due to the fact that Nginx + PHP-FPM generally use less memory than Apache + mod_php. And the VFS cache works more efficiently due to more free memory.

Will Q:PHP-FPM be included in the official PHP in the future?
A: I hope so. Currently, the PHP-FPM code protocol is the GPL. So now the PHP-FPM code does not match the PHP protocol (like BSD). This is a temporary measure. This option is intended to simplify the development process. Once the code is fully functional, such as adaptive generation of sub-processes and other things, the protocol will be changed to match. After that, PHP-FPM is officially released to the PHP development team and is recommended for inclusion.

Document

PHP-FPM has been tested on Linux, MacOSX, Solaris, and FreeBSD.

Be sure that libxml2 (called Libxml2-devel on some systems) is already installed.

Download the smallest PHP and PHP-FPM

$ BZIP2-CD php-5.2.5.tar.bz2 | Tar XF-
$ GZIP-CD php-5.2.5-fpm-0.5.7.diff.gz | Patch-d PHP-5.2.5-P1
$ CD php-5.2.5
$./configure--enable-fastcgi--ENABLE-FPM
$ make all Install

Edit

$prefix/etc/php-fpm.conf

Run

$prefix/bin/php-cgi--FPM

Double check.

$prefix/logs/php-fpm.log

Run Phpinfo () to check if your site is still working

The PID of the master process is stored in the

$prefix/logs/php-fpm.pid

The master process can understand the following signals:

SIGINT, SIGTERM	immediate termination
Sigquit	Smooth termination
SIGUSR1	Reopen log file
SIGUSR2	Smooth reload all worker processes and reload configuration and binaries

About

Hi, my name is Andrei Nigmatulin, I am the author of php-fpm.

Since 2004, I have been waiting for someone to make PHP FastCGI to meet the product environment, but I can't wait.

PHP-FPM is the product of knowledge, experience, and ideas in a number of projects using PHP's FastCGI SAPI.

PHP-FPM can be used for public purposes under the GPL. The modified version of Libevent with PHP-FPM binding is released under the BSD protocol.

I need to get your feedback?? New ideas and suggestions?? To improve and optimize PHP FastCGI SAPI. If you have any ideas, comments, additions and suggestions, I will be very happy, very willing to listen, and perhaps will achieve them. e-mail it to me. (Address at the end of this page).

If you want to support the development of PHP-FPM, you can make some donations: Paypal Yandex.Money

15/05/2007-submitted to PHP-FPM for the first time.

Andrei Dot nigmatulin at gmail dot com
Moqtada
PHP-FPM also comes with a more convenient script in the $PREFIX/SBIN/PHP-FPM. Can be maintained with PHP-FPM Start|graceful|restart|stop. You can make it use the configuration file by editing it a little bit.

Postscript:

At first, PHP-FPM only Russian documents, I was very depressed, so I first use Google Translate first into English, and then manually translated into Chinese. This will inevitably lead to mistakes in my own English proficiency, and more mistakes. I finally had an English wiki and invited me to provide Chinese translation. At the same time, the original document has been updated since the last translation (May 2008). So I translated it again according to the English wiki.

Ext.: http://www.21andy.com/blog/20100219/1700.html

