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We live in the colorful world, the sky, the grass, the sea, the boundless lavender have their own color. You, I, he also has his own color, on behalf of personal characteristics of clothing, home decoration, decorative colors, can fully reflect the personality, hobbies, taste.

Design enthusiasts to the color of Love is "frenzy", they know that color is not only the important role of life, it is also a learning. In the design of the work of flexible, clever use of color, so that the work to achieve a variety of wonderful effects, it must be a good study of color. Today we first learn some about the most simple color, the basis is also very important knowledge, feel the beauty of the use of color!

know what color is

First, the composition of color

Color is generally divided into no color and there are two major categories of color. No color refers to white, gray, black and other colors without color, that is, the reflection of white light color, 1.

Figure 1

Color refers to the color of red, yellow, blue, green and other colors, 2 color.

Figure 2

Second, the color contrast

Under certain conditions, people do not feel the same color. The single color gives one an impression. In different environments, multi-color gives people another impression. This interaction between colors is called "color contrast."

Color contrast includes two aspects. First, the time interval, called "Simultaneous occurrence of the contrast", second, the space position, called "coherence of the contrast." Contrast originally refers to the opposites of the two sides interaction, mutual exclusion. However, under certain conditions, the opposing sides will also integrate and coordinate with each other. The different tones of the collocated tend to counteract each other's colors, and this mutual offset phenomenon is called "assimilation." The specific application and effect of the comparison will be explained in detail in future articles.

Three, the expression of color techniques

The color of a person can be used to color three attributes--hue, brightness, saturation expression. However, the same color with no difference in the three attributes will be the opposite impression because of the location and the different Ken scenery. We take the blue braid and the blue wood floor as an example, figure 3, assuming that their three properties are the same, but in the eyes of the viewer, the color of the braid and the color of the wood floor have nothing in common. This phenomenon is called "the Manifestation of color".

Figure 3

The apparent form of color includes complexion, surface color, space color and so on. The complexion is also called "The View Color", like the sky Color Flat hound, lacks the texture, gives the person the soft feeling (Figure 4).

Figure 4

Surface color refers to color paper and other objects. The surface color depends on the distance to give people different texture. Figure 5 is the same piece of paper, which takes a different position from near or far. The two pictures look a little different from the light and dark, and the distance looks darker.

Figure 5

Space color, also known as "Body color", is filled with transparent glass bottles of liquid color, refers to diffuse space color. In addition, there are tables and gloss, light source color and so on.

Four, the characteristics of color

1, the color of warm and cold

Objects through the surface color can give people or warm or cold or cool feeling. In general, the sense of temperature is through the sensory organs to touch the object. It is irrelevant to color. In fact, all kinds of objects with colorful colors give a certain sense of temperature.

Red, orange, yellow and other colors make people think of sunshine, fire, it is called "warm". 6 Burning Deep Forest, if you do not see the picture, hear the fire, will certainly think of is red, burning feeling.

Figure 6

Green, green, blue and other colors associated with the night, cold, called "cool". Figure 7, the hotel building, lit by the lights at night, feels cold.

Figure 7

The red gives the person positive, the leap advice, the warm feeling. Blue gives people a low-static, negative feeling. Green and purple are neutral color stimulation small, effect between red and blue. Neutral colors allow people to relax and relax emotionally, which can avoid the feeling of fatigue.

The feeling of warm and cold in color depends largely on the hue. Color is generally divided into warm colors, cold color, neutral color three categories. There are other factors that need to be considered for the color's cooling effect. For example, the higher the saturation of warm colors, the more obvious the warmth of the color, and the higher the brightness of cold color colors, the more obvious its characteristics. We add the above Figure 6, 7, respectively to increase the saturation and brightness, see the respective reflected effect more prominent (Figure 8).

Figure 8

2, the weight of color feeling

A variety of colors give people a different sense of weight, we get from the color of the sense of feeling, is the texture and color sense of the compound. For example, two suitcases of equal weight (Fig. 9) were painted in different colors, and then the weight of the wooden case was judged by hand-held and visual methods. The results found that only by visual inspection difficult to make accurate judgments, but the use of the color of visual cases can be obtained: light weight, small density, there is a outward diffusion of the movement phenomenon, giving people a light weight of the dark density, giving a sense of cohesion, resulting in a sense of weight.

Figure 9

3. Expansion and contraction of color

Compare two colors a black and white and a square of equal size (Figure 10) can be found interesting phenomenon, that is, the size of the square, due to the different color of the surface, can be bin to the people of the various area feeling. The white squares appear to be larger than the area of the black squares. The phenomenon that the surface area of the object is larger than the actual area due to psychological factors is called "the swelling of the color". Conversely, it is called "the shrinkage of color". The color that gives a feeling of swelling or contraction is called ' swelling color ', ' shrinking color ', respectively. The expansion and contraction of color is closely related to tone, warm color and expansion of color, cool is a contraction.

Figure 10

4, the color of the forward and backward nature

If you look at two colors equally, you can give people a different sense of proximity. such as: yellow and blue with black for Ken (Fig. 11), people tend to feel yellow distance themselves than the blue near. In other words, yellow has a forward nature, Blue has a retrograde nature. The forward-colored color, which is prominent in the background, is called "color-fading", and the backward color is "faded".

Figure 11

Generally speaking, warm colors are more advanced than cool colors. Between the two colors, the color of high brightness is forward, the saturation bias of the color is also forward. However, the forward and backward color can not be generalize, the color of the forward, backward and background color is closely related. As in the white background (Fig. 12), a warm yellow gives a sense of retreat, a cool blue color gives a sense of forward expansion.

Figure 12

5, colorful and elegant

-like to think that if it is monochrome, high saturation, then colorful. Low saturation, giving people a plain feeling. In addition to saturation, brightness also has a certain relationship. No matter what color, high brightness even if the low saturation also gives people a gorgeous feeling. To sum up, whether the color is bright, elegant, depending on the saturation of the color line, brightness is particularly critical. High-saturation, high-brightness colors appear gorgeous. From the set of images in Figure 13, we change the saturation, the brightness of the picture, directly feel the bright and elegant concept.

Figure 13

The colour and elegance of the blend color is determined by the contrast between each monochrome in the blend color and the mixed color. Therefore the contrast is the important condition that decides the color bright and the elegance. In addition, the combination of color psychological factors, bright color general and dynamic, happy relationship close: elegant and static depressive feelings closely linked.

In addition to the characteristics of the color described above, the characteristics of color include association, symbolic meaning. The color of the association of things, according to the age of viewing people, think of the results are not the same, for example, middle school students see White, easy to associate with walls, snow, plaster like, white Rabbit and so on. Adults may think of nurses, justice, white houses and so on. White symbolizes pure, sacred things, such as the bride's wedding dress are white, representing the sanctity and seriousness of marriage.

V. Color and character

People have a great relationship with the preference and character of a certain color, and different colors have different meanings. So we can analyze his character according to other people's clothing color, room color and other things around him. We can roughly analyze the character of the various colors represented:

Red: Impulsive, energetic, with a strong spirit of self-reliance.

Orange Yellow: The life is full of enterprising, cheerful, kind.

Yellow: Lofty ideals, a noble personality dedicated to others.

Green: Not with prejudice to take people, broad-minded, ideological liberation.

Blue: Character inside ask, strong sense of responsibility, but biased to conservative.

Introduction to tonal and tonal concepts

I. the concept of hue and color

PCCS (Practical color-ordinate System) color system is developed by the Japanese Color Research Institute, color series is based on its colour organization system. Its greatest feature is the color of the three-attribute relationship, the combination of color and color two concepts to form a series of tones. From the concept of color, the plane shows each hue of the relationship and purity of the relationship, from each hue in the tonal series position, a clear analysis of the hue of the lightness, purity of the composition content.

Second, the tone series of the organizational structure

Hue Series is composed of 24 hue and 9 tones, 1, see the tonal series of 24 color ring.

Figure 1,24 Color Ring

From the 24 color rings in Figure 1, we can summarize the structure of the 24 colors:

The structure of color ring of PCCs color system is based on the theory of "three primary Colors". Red (R), yellow (Y), Blue (B) are the three main colors, red and yellow produce colors-orange (O), yellow and blue produce colors-green (G), blue packet and red produce colors-violet (P), composed of six hue. In these six hues, each of the two hues is then three hues (1). Then a 24-color hue ring is formed.

9 tones are based on 24 hue as the main body, respectively, with clear color, dark color, pure color, turbid colors named. The relationship between Hue and hue is consistent with the structure of the three-element relationship of the color system, and the axis of light and shade is composed of different luminance levels.

Near the light and dark axis of the color group, is a low-purity turbid color tone, LTG color Group, G color Group.

Away from the central axis of the color group, is a high-purity V-color, B-color group, near the light and dark axis of the color group, is the blend of the clear color P-color Group, lt Color Group.

The color group below the middle axis is the low-luminosity dark color, the DP color group, and the DK color group.

The color group in the central zone is the D-color group with the center of lightness and purity.

Thus, the formation of 9 sets of different brightness, different purity of the hue as follows:

1.V Color group, highest purity. It is called pure hue.

2.b color Group, brightness, purity slightly, called visible tune.

3,lt Color Group, the brightness is high, the tone is bright.

4.DP color group, low brightness, called medium dark tone.

5.dk color group, low brightness, called dark hue.

6.P Color Group, high clarity, slightly lower purity, known as gray tone.

7.LTG Color Group, Mindo, low purity, called the gray tone.

8.D color Group. Mindo, in Purity, is called turbid hue.

9.G color group, low brightness, low purity. Called Dark gray tune.

(See detailed descriptions below for specific effects of each hue.) )

Three, the classification of color

The general law of color matching is: any one hue can become the main color (main tone), and other hues to make up a complementary color relationship, contrasting color relations, adjacent color and color relationship of the same color organization.

Four, the relationship between the tones

First of all, we intuitively understand the classification of the relationship between color points by means of a diagram, 2. Then detailed analysis of the different relations of the color combination of colors in the visual, psychological effect.

Figure 2

(1) Complementary relationships

In the 24-color color ring, 12 digits apart from each other or two hues 180 degrees apart, are complementary color relationships. Complementary color combination of color group, is the strongest contrast color group. Make a person's vision to produce stimulating, uneasy qualitative. If the combination of improper, easy to produce blunt, pompous, impatient effect. Therefore, the main hue and the sub-hue of the size of the area, or scattered form of the method to adjust and mitigate the effect of too intense.

Figure 3 is a group of orange blue complementary color contrast color Group, orange area large and added auxiliary color red, played the role of the dominant tone, the effect is both gorgeous, brilliant and Enron, just list the benefits.

Figure 3

(2) Contrasting color relationship

The two colors, which are 135 degrees apart or eight digits in each other, are the color groups of the contrasting color relationship. Hue is distinct, the color is mutually exclusive, both lively and exuberant. Color, you can deal with the relationship between the main color and the secondary color to achieve the harmony of the color group, but also through the order of the hue between the way, to achieve a unified and harmonious color effect. Fig. 4 is the application of this sort of order in the form of Middle-ming.

Figure 4

(3) Adjacent color relationship

The hue ring is 90 degrees apart, or the two colors separated by five or six digits, are the neighboring color relations, belong to the color group of the contrast effect. The color tendency of hue is approximate, the cool group or warm group is more obvious, the tone is unified and harmonious, and the affection characteristic is consistent. Figure 5 is a blue purple color palette, which is a contrasting relationship between bright tones and adjacent colors.

The practical application of color

One, the color knowledge supplement

(i) The relationship between color and area

Color composition, the size of the color area, directly related to the transmission of color intentions. For example, red, when its color area only accounted for 20% of the screen, in the work played a decorative role (1).

Figure 1

If you use a color area of 90%, that gives a very different feeling. 2

Figure 2

In the previous installment, we talked about the main hue, where a color with a large color area is the dominant hue. The tones used in a work are the same, changing only the proportions of the various shades, which will result in unexpected color effects. From the above theory, we can summarize the use of color techniques--change the tone. This method is very simple, you can try it yourself, change the area of the work of different shades, get another style of work. 4

Figure 4

In addition to changing the Hue method, you can also summarize another method-changing the position of the main hue. In a work, there is not necessarily only a color area of a large hue, such as red accounted for 40%, yellow accounted for 30%, or other tones also occupy a large area. In this case, the main tone is actually not a color. 5, the structure of the two pictures is the same, there are multiple main tones, we randomly change the position of the hue, the two images are very different effect.

Figure 5

If the color area of two or more colors in a work is the same, we call the equal area tones. 6

Figure 6

(b) Color Line of colors

How is the concept of color line understood? It can be simply said that, because of the cohesion of the color surface, can cause the visual illusion of color line. 7

Figure 7

, only the red and black two color surface, but in their cohesion part of the feeling is a line, dividing them into about two pieces. There is a line in the middle of the vision, in fact we did not draw a line in the drawing. Some of the images have a main tone, but give it a background color, which can be called complementary colors. The color line is also implied when complementary colors are linked. 8

Figure 8

If you use too many colors, you can create more visual color line effects. By explaining the concept of the color line, it is important to distinguish it from the contour lines we use in the graphic design at ordinary times. The color line is just a visual effect and does not actually exist. The contour lines are drawn by us and actually exist. You can see the effect of the two lines. These two lines, sometimes visual distinction is not easy to attract attention, 9, you can see two lines.

Figure 9

Second, the actual use of color

We are in graphic design, often through color to achieve some kind of effect. In addition to the various shades we introduced in the previous installments, actually some things in reality are not fixed tones in the color system. Some things do not even have their own color, it is the use of other things as a medium to make us feel that it has color, it exists. The color of the skin, for example, is affected by various factors without a fixed color. Water, there is no color at all. In the face of these situations, we can only follow the design, painting with some conventional methods of color, the use of color to consider the basic conditions to deal with.

(a) Looking for skin color

In graphic design, painting the most difficult to deal with is the skin color. If you look at the color of the real skin, there are very few shades in the color that can fit this subtle degree. veins, arteries and muscles and fat under the skin cause uneven appearance of skin. Everyone has their own unique skin color, plus the skin will be affected by light or temperature. The color of the painting, which is often used to show most of the skin color, is a synthetic colour that is added to yellow in silver and vermilion. The cartoon characters in 10, whose complexion uses the so-called flesh color of our paintings, are completely different from the real skin of the characters.

Figure 10

(ii) Search for Aqua

The water itself is colorless and transparent, but it has a visible color because of its relationship with the surrounding things. In the landscape, the effects of the sky, woods, sand dunes, clouds, houses, and other things on water should be reflected by color. For example, the deep blue of the sea, the silvery waters of the silver water shining under the moonlight. In order to reproduce the color of these objects in the palette, the designer begins with a careful observation of the whole. First determine the hue, then catch the color in the local flickering. Can combine the colors of trees or sky.

When looking for the color of water, don't forget that air and water have different postures from other things. In other words, gases and liquids are not the same as solids. Based on the solid color of the color closest to the place, we should look for the most representative influence in the related elements from the object. 11, is also the waterfall water, but by the environmental color influence, the water color produces the different effect.

Figure 11

(iii) Search for White

For snow similar to water, it seems that there is no color of their own things. White things falling down, piled up must be white. So does the flour or lime pile up to be seen as snow? There is the so-called "cotton-like snow", which means that snow also has an "expression." Not to mention the natural snowfall is a variety of phenomena. Therefore, snow in the relationship with the climate, sunshine, time and customs, there should be a great difference. In the whole of the landscape, snow is indeed white, especially in comparison with the sky. But this white is left and right, in the shadow of this feature is more obvious, 12. If on the stage, snow is beaten with a faint blue-violet light, so that it can arouse the audience's emotional resonance.

Figure 12

This article has made some additions to the knowledge of color. Hue with the size of the color area of the work embodied the effect of determining factors, understanding the concept of color line, is to draw the image of the outline of the concept of the difference, I hope we can accurately distinguish, do not confuse. Grasp and use them well in the process of painting. In the actual use of the explanation, mainly for the reality of several difficult to grasp the performance of the color of things, introduce the usual treatment methods and considerations.

Figure 5

(4) Similar color relationship

Hue rings are 45 degrees apart, or two colors that are two or three digits apart from each other. For the same color relationship, it is a color group with weak contrast effect; the same color hue is very clear, and it is a very harmonious and simple hue. Figure 6 is a blue-green color palette, composed of a quiet and feminine effect.

Figure 6

Five, the symbolic meaning and appreciation of the Hue

1. Vivid Pure tones (v)

Pure hue is a hue made up of high-purity hues, each with a distinct personality, challenging, uplifting, and pleasing to the eye. A strong hue contrast means youthful, energetic and vibrant. Let's take a look at some pictures in pure tones. 7.

Figure 7

2. Fresh visible tone (b)

The medium-tone stimulus is second only to high-purity tones, and the medium tones are added in white to enhance the lightness. Therefore, the county's fresh, clear, like boys and girls of innocence, vitality, with the spirit of upward. We enjoyed some pictures of the medium tones. 8

Figure 8

3. Bright and clear Tone (LT)

Ming Hue belongs to the Cyan series, it is characterized by adding a lot of white, improve the overall tone of the lightness, the color sense is relatively weakened. Bright hue is like the fresh green of spring, transparent and clear, clean, brisk. With bright colors of the warm series-based color, there is a sweet, elegant taste, like a girl's pure. The cold series of bright tones appears cool and refreshing. 9

Figure 9

4. Elegant bright grey tone (p)

This is a large number of colors in the full hue of the light gray color, is the hue of all with gray-turbid flavor. As a result of excessive transfer into the gray-white, the hue of the increase in the clarity, the formation of blend gray tone, which is the characteristics of the gray tone. The bright gray tone with calm feeling, contains the elegance and the quiet, shows another kind of beautiful realm. 10

Figure 10

5. Simple mid-grey (LTG)

Medium gray tone is a set of moderate brightness of the gray hue, hue ring all colors are transferred into the gray, is the purity of the lower, the sense of hue is faint. Medium gray tone with a few deep and dim, with a simple, subtle, stable characteristics. 11

Figure 11

6. Vigorous dark gray (g)

All colors in the hue ring are dimmed to make the hue feel low and grey. It's like dark clouds, gloomy, depressing. 12

Figure 12

7. Cloudy tones of the median (d)

The dark hue of the color system in the light and shade of the axis and high-solid color between the position, with obvious color personality, there is a suitable harmonic tone. 13

Figure 13

8. Stable medium-dark tone (DP)

Medium and dark tones with dark colors, a small amount of black was transferred. This hue on the basis of maintaining the original hue has shrouded a deeper tone, appear stable and sophisticated, rigorous and noble. 14

Figure 14

9. Deep dark Tones (DK)

Dark tones into a large amount of black, forming thick deep tones. A vague appearance, which is a characteristic of dark tones. Show a deep, solid, calm, solemn temperament. 15

Figure 15

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