Learn linux System Fault Diagnosis to create a perfect linux

Article Title: Learn how to diagnose linux system faults to create a perfect linux system. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Includes basic categories such as desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open source.

For most users, the ease of use of the Linux operating system is different from that of the Windows operating system. In a Windows operating system, when the system encounters some faults or problems, we often use some remedial measures for troubleshooting. These methods are many and easy to use. However, troubleshooting in Linux is complicated, and fault discovery is not as predictable as in Windows, you need to manually run some system and network management commands. The following describes the common fault diagnosis of the system and network in the Linux operating system.

System Fault Diagnosis

1. startup fault

This is a common problem in Linux. The main reasons for the system failure include: during Linux operating system installation, LILO configuration information is incorrect, resulting in the system failure to start after the installation is complete; reinstall other operating systems, also, the original Linux cannot be started. Because these newly installed operating systems do not have any other operating systems in the computer by default, the Master Boot Record (MBR) of the hard disk is rewritten ), the Linux operating system LILO boot program is overwritten, so that LILO cannot be started at last. During linux operating system operation, the system restarts due to incorrect Linux commands, an exception occurs.

Solution:

If you have created an emergency boot disk group for the Linux system during or after the installation of the Linux operating system, use the First Aid disk to start the system and then access the system, configuration can solve the problem. If the First Aid boot disk group is not created, the Linux system cannot start. What should I do? Three solutions are described below:

(1) enter the single-user mode of the Linux operating system. After the boot prompt, enter: linux single. In this mode, start Linux, LILO configuration and network configuration information are not loaded during startup.

(2) boot the disk. Use the first CD (boot CD) to install the Linux operating system to start the Linux system on the hard disk. Set the boot disc in the BIOS of the motherboard. After the machine is restarted, boot will appear: enter:

vmlinuz root=/dev/linuxrootpartition noinitrd

Enter the Partition Number of your Linux root partition, that is, the hard disk partition location of the root file system of the Linux system, for example, vmlinuz root =/dev/hda3 noinitrd. After you press enter, you can enter the Linux system. To recover the corrupted LILO boot program, edit/etc/lilo. conf and run/sbin/lilo. This method is also suitable for other causes of damage to the Linux operating system. (Note: The process of starting an operating system on a floppy disk is the same as that on a floppy disk ).

(3) run the loadlin program in DOS to start the system. When a personal computer uses a Linux system, it usually coexist with Windows 9x or Windows 2000. If you know the exact installation partition of the Linux system on the hard disk and the loadlin Program (this program exists in the dosutil directory of the Red Hat Linux cd), you can also start the Linux system. Loadlin is a program in the dossystem. You can run it to directly start the Linux system from the dossystem and quickly enter the Linux environment. In addition to the loadlin program, you also need a Linux Startup kernel image file vmlinuz, which is available in the images directory of the Red Hat linux CD. For example, if you enter the DOS command mode under Windows 2000, and then run the following loadlin command, you can re-enter the Linux system:

Loadlin vmlinuz root =/dev/linuxrootpartition

After the command is executed, start to guide the Linux system. After logging on as a root user, edit/etc/lilo. conf and run/sbin/lilo. Then, reload the LILO system boot program into MBR.

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