Linux Installation Guide-Unix/Linux technical documents (1)

Finally, I am free to sort out my Unix/Linux technologies over the years. I will first begin with a Linux installation document to write training documents for the company. By the way, I will also post it to my blog and share it with you, in return for the guidance and support from previous teachers and predecessors, I will share with you all the time ,...

Finally, I am free to sort out my Unix/Linux technologies over the years. I will first begin with a Linux installation document to write training documents for the company. By the way, I will also post it to my blog and share it with you, in return for the guidance and support from previous teachers and predecessors, I will share with you all of my ideas and share them with you.

Disclaimer: This document is for reference only. please operate according to the actual environment. The author and this document are not responsible for any consequences.

1. Introduction

1.1. purpose

The purpose of this installation manual is to describe the specific installation steps of the Linux operating system, so that you can have a comprehensive understanding of the installation of the Linux operating system.

2. Installation Requirements

2. 1. hardware

Server (1 unit)

CPU: 1.0 GB or above

The memory must be at least 512 MB. we recommend that you increase the memory size by 2 GB.

The hard disk space must be at least 8 GB. it is recommended that the disk space be 80 GB or above.

2.2. Software

Operating system: CentOS-5.6-x86_64 disc

3. preparations before installation

3.1. prepare available IP addresses: 172.18.2.60/24

The following requirements must be met: manually allocate static IP addresses, do not conflict with existing IP addresses, do not use DHCP, and disable IPv6

3.2. properly planned computer name: ctcdb01

Computer naming rules: ctc + function of the machine + serial number (all lowercase letters, no special symbols)

Example: ctcdb01, ctcdb02, ctcsms01

It must comply with the following requirements: do not conflict with existing computer names, do not use the default computer name

3.3. hard disk space partition

Linux server hard disk partitions, all of which are manual partitions. use LVM. the recommended spatial distribution is as follows:

Hard disk partitioning

Mount point

Partition type

Size

Remark

/

Ext3

> = 20 GB, <= 60 GB

 

 

 

 

 

Swap

1.5 times of physical memory

Physical memory between 1 GB and 2 GB

 

Hard disk partitioning
Mount point	Partition type	Size	Remark
/	Ext3	> = 20 GB, <= 60 GB
	Swap	1.5 times of physical memory	Physical memory between 1 GB and 2 GB
		Equal to physical memory	Physical memory between 2 GB and 16 GB
		16 GB	Physical memory exceeds 16 GB
/Home	Ext3	Remaining hard disk space

 

 

The above swap space is from the official Oracle11gR2 x86_64 documentation. we recommend that you install the Oracle database partition solution using Oracle.

The following documents are from Redhat5.x:

 

Unless you have a reason for doing otherwise, we recommend that you create the following partitions for x86, AMD64, and Intel? 64 systems:

A swap partition (at least 256 MB)

 

If you have installed a non-database system, we recommend that you select the Redhat partition scheme.

4. Linux installation

4.1. operating system installation

Install the operating system, and write the system account number, password, IP address, and computer name and other information into the installation directory. doc ".

: Http://mirrors.arsc.edu/centos/5.6/isos/x86_64/

CentOS-5.6-x86_64-bi ..> 07-Apr-2011 367 K # for the dvd iso seed

4.2. start installation

Start the system from the CD, as shown in figure

1. install Linux on the GUI, press Enter to Enter the next interface.

 

2. check the disk image. If you confirm that the installation disk is not burned, skip the check steps to go to the next page.

 

3. click Next to go to the Next step.

 

4. select the system's default language as simplified Chinese. make sure that the selected language is correct. otherwise, problems such as Chinese unsupported will occur. to solve this problem, you need to modify the system configuration, therefore, select the simplified Chinese language for later installation convenience.

 

5. select the keyboard layout as the American English layout, because the keyboards we use are made according to the American keyboard rules.

 

6. select to install CentOS

 

7. select create custom partition structure and click next to go to the partition page.

You can use a custom partition structure to understand the relationship between PV, LG, and LV, and deepen your understanding of Linux partitions. you can also modify automatic disk partitions, the modified content is the same as the custom partition structure. The automatic disk partitioning scheme is insecure. automatic disk partitioning only creates LV-based/file systems, which means that, all data will be stored in the only LV-based/file system, which is not safe for the actual production system. The security method is to create multiple isolated LV:

 

7.1 edit/dev/sda1 as a separate/boot M partition and format it, for example:

Because the bootable partition cannot be on a logical volume, you must divide it into one.

 

7.2 create multiple LV manually:

 

 

Suggestion: The volume group name is abbreviated as VG00, so that the path viewed by df-h is readable.

7.3 create the following three LV. generally, at least a separate home LV must be created in an actual system.

LV root: Stores system commands and user data.

LV home: stores data of common users.

LV swap: used to implement virtual memory

 

Suggestion: The Logical Volume name is abbreviated as LV00, so that the path viewed by df-h is readable.

 

The swap space is 1.5 times the physical memory, and the physical memory is 1 GB.

Suggestion: The Logical Volume name is abbreviated as LV01.

 

Suggestion: The Logical Volume name is abbreviated as LV02.

After the creation, for example:

 

 

Safe partitioning scheme principle: System data is separated from common user data and placed in different LV (that is, a separate home LV is used );

8. after dividing the area, next step

 

9. format the/boot partition.

 

10. the GRUB boot loader will be installed on/dev/sda by default ..

 

 

11. manually set the IP address, enter the assigned or customer-provided IP address information, and disable IPv6.

 

According to computer command specifications: manually set the host name and enter the corresponding gateway and DNS information.

 

12. set the system time zone. Select Asia/Shanghai based on your region.

When using windows and Linux systems, we recommend that you set the time to GTM. If you only have Linux installed on the entire computer, we recommend that you set the UTC time.

13. set the password of the system administrator and record the password.

 

14. for server software installation, you can select either the desktop system or the required service options. Select now custom, click next to enter the custom page, select the required service components, and install them.

 

Install the following 13 program packages:

In the desktop environment:

1) GNOME Desktop Environment or KDE Desktop Environment

In the application:

2) Graphical Internet

3) Text-based Internet

4) editor Editors

Under development:

5) KDE Software Development (optional)

6) X software Development (optional)

7) Development Tools

8) Legacy Software Development

In the basic system:

9) X Window System

10) Basic (optional)

11) Administration Tools

12) System Tools

13) old software support (optional)

For the sake of security, select the 13 toolkit. for the Details package, we use the default one. other packages are not installed. after the selection, click next:

15. start installation.

 

16. click continue to start installation.

 

17. change the second disc and click "OK" to continue the installation.

 

18. reboot the system after installation.

 

19. server configuration. The system automatically starts and enters the server configuration program.

 

20. configure the firewall. Generally, only the SSH service is trusted, as shown in. click forward to the next interface.

To enable other services, manually open the corresponding service port.

 

21. set SELinux and disable it. Click down until the user adds the interface.

 

22. create the tong user with the initial password ******. click next until the password is complete and the system restarts automatically.

 

After the restart, CentOS X86_64 Linux installation is complete.

 

This article is from the "Wang xin_technology track" blog