Linux installation Experiment Report-general Linux technology-Linux technology and application information. The following is a detailed description. Linux Installation Summary
Linux installation is a complicated process. The difference between Linux and general operating systems is that its file organization is different from other operating systems. The key and difficulty of Linux installation is how to partition linux.
There are two installation methods for Linux, one is to install directly from the CD, and the other is to install from the hard disk. The differences between the two installation methods and precautions are described.
The installation file of the operating system is installed on the disc and mounted to the hard disk. In this process, you need to partition the hard disk. Partitioning is a challenge. Linux partitions include ex2, ext3, linux swap, and vfat.
Ext2 is a standard file system in GNU/Linux systems. This is the most widely used File System in Linux. It is specially designed for Linux and has extremely fast speed and extremely small CPU usage. Ext2 can be used for both standard block devices (such as hard disks) and Mobile storage devices such as floppy disks.
Ext3 is the next generation of Ext2, that is, the log function is added under the Ext2 format. Ext3 is a log File System. It records the write operations of the entire disk in a certain area of the disk, in order to trace back when necessary. When a process is interrupted, the system can directly trace and refresh the interrupted part based on these records, and the refresh speed is quite fast. This partition format is widely used in Linux. Generally, this partition format is used as the linux Root partition and startup partition.
Linux swap is a swap file system used to swap partitions in Linux. Linux uses this entire partition as the swap space. Generally, the swap partition in this swap format is twice the primary memory. When the memory is insufficient, Linux will write part of the data to the swap partition.
VFAT is called a long file name system. It is a Linux file system compatible with Windows systems. It supports long file names and can be used as partitions for switching files between Windows and Linux systems.
Hard Disk installation is to place the linux installation image in one partition of the hard disk, and then install linux in another partition of the hard disk. In this process, you need to modify the boot file of the operating system.
The specific process is as follows (taking as5 as an example ):
1. Download grub for dos software. Download after decompression, and then copy all the files under the extracted grub4dos-0.4.3 to the c root directory.
2. Open the. iso file of as5, open the isolinux folder, and extract the two files: initrd. img and vmlinuz. Copy them to the root directory of the d drive to facilitate the installation.
3. Copy the. iso image file of as5 to the root directory of disk D.
4. Modify the windows boot. ini file.
Add a line at the end of the boot. ini file: C: \ GRLDR = "GRUB"
Change timeout = 5 to timeout = 10.
5. restart the computer. A new option is displayed: GRUB. Select To Go To The GRUB menu. "Grub>" appears, so you can enter the command.
Run the following command: kernel (hd0, 4)/vmlinuz.
Enter the command: initrd (hd0, 4)/initrd. img
Finally, enter the command: boot
The installation steps below are the same as those for hard disk installation.
Since linux has been installed on the CD-Rom for many times, I checked the installation of the CD-Rom. Although I learned how to install linux from the hard disk, however, it is not enough for optics to reach this point. What we need to learn is how to install the system through our own efforts, how to find knowledge, and how to apply the knowledge to the actual situation through experiments. This is the most important thing. This installation is done with this purpose.
Problems encountered and solutions:
1. Files are damaged or lost, and windows cannot be started.
The solution is to copy the related files under the grub4dos-0.4.3 to the c disk.
2. After you enter the grub> kernel (hd5, 0) vmlinuz command, you will be prompted that the file cannot be found.
The solution is to change x in (hdx, 0) to the Partition Number of the system installation file.
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