Linux self-learning path

Article title: The Path to Linux self-study. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Includes basic categories such as desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open source.
　　
-- Preface -----
This article was written a year ago and was originally published on the runtnet. it seems a little too simple now. I didn't expect it to be included in the Fudan bbs revenue base. it seems to be helpful for new users, therefore, this new version was published. if there are any omissions, there is no time to change it. but if anyone finds any errors, please help us to point them out. Otherwise, I don't know how many new users will be affected.
--- Preface ended -------
　　
I have never heard of Linux a year ago. I bought a Linux self-taught book in a bookstore with curiosity because I have been advocating the operating system in various media. adding a thin book to a CD, I started my own Linux self-learning path. after six months of exploration, I have mastered most of the commands. later, I built a website on my machine, connected to the computer in the dormitory, and started a BBS. I think my technology is good. I will sum up my self-taught experience over the past year. I hope it will be helpful to those who are not getting started with Linux.
First of all, you have to build confidence. Linux is not difficult. I am a non-computer professional Cainiao. you will certainly be able to learn. second, you have to install Linux on your own machine. There are a lot of documents in the installation CD of Linux, and I am talking about self-learning and reading these documents. remember, the key for Cainiao to become an old bird is to see the help documentation. for which version to install, I recommend Blue Point (BluePoint)-I am not an advertisement, so they won't pay me a cent. I just want to provide support to excellent Linux vendors in China. the blue dot is the best support for Chinese in my used versions .) (Note: Now the Blue Point has changed the research direction, and the support for Chinese characters is also moderate soft 3.0, but I recommend using those after Mandrake8.0)
After you select a version, you will be faced with installation. if it is the first installation, there are a lot of questions. now let's get through it!
First, where should I guide? Generally, the installation CD contains a dos boot program. generally, the files are processed in batches and placed under the img or Dosutils directory. you can use the search tool under win98 to directly find *. the bat file can be found. then use the win98 boot disk to boot to the corresponding directory in the optical drive and run the batch processing file. if it cannot be run, you can press the commands in the batch file yourself. if you support boot from CDROM for both BIOS and turn-off, you don't have to worry about it. modify the corresponding settings in the BIOS, and put the settings on the disc to restart.
Second, where is the installation? Linux requires at least two partitions. one swap partition stores temporary files, and the other partition is the partition to be installed. after the boot is successful, select the keyboard (select the default value of us) and the mouse, and then select the hard disk partition program. (Note: you will be asked about the installation type during the blue-point installation process. be careful when selecting custom installation. selecting a server or a work group station will make your win98 unusable) select the Disk Druid partitioning tool. this is a graphical interface. for the first installation, you cannot see Linux native and Linux swap partitions in the Type field. delete a partition before creating the two Linux partitions. when selecting the loading point, Linux native must be installed in the/Directory (/indicates the root directory ). other dos partitions can also be attached to the desired directory. linux does not use. c. d indicates a hard disk partition, but a directory. '/' is used to separate directories, rather than '\' under dos '\'. then you can start formatting the two Linux partitions and copy the files.
The third level is network configuration. if you do not have a network card, you can skip this step. if you have a network card, you are not recommended to install it for the first time, because many unfamiliar service projects do not understand it and may cause Linux to fail to start.
Fourth, install Xwindow. because Linux is developed by hackers, some hardware vendors do not publish hardware parameters, and some display devices do not have drivers or the drivers are not perfect. if this problem persists, the hardware will be damaged. therefore, you must be familiar with your hardware, and you must know the model of your display and graphics card. select resolution and color depth. generally, select the one you use under win98. if you ask RAMDAC, select the default value if you don't know what this is. after the selection is complete, the system will try to start the Xwindow. if an exception occurs, the light on the display will yellow out, and no response will be returned. please press Ctrl + Alt + backspace (return key) first ), restart with Ctrl + Alt + del. some versions will be automatically returned to the console when problems occur.
Fourth, install lilo. this is a step that determines whether your win98 and other previously installed systems can be properly guided. if you are using other multi-System boot tools, such as System Commander and Smart Fdisk, lilo will install it to the first sector of the pilot sector of the partition; otherwise, you need to install it on the primary boot sector of the hard disk and configure the boot menu. the default menu of win98 is dos. if you have other systems, add them by yourself.
The fifth step is to guide Linux and other systems. after restarting, you will see the lilo prompt. click the Tab key and you will see the startup tag. enter the corresponding tag at the prompt to enter the corresponding system. after a while, the system will automatically enter Linux. the label can be modified by/etc/lilo after entering the system. conf changed. for details, see the corresponding documents in/usr/doc.
After the installation is complete, go to Linux and start using it. please log on with root and enter the password you set during installation. you can see a long string of Prompts. now I will tell you a few commands, which is the secret of your self-study.
Ls, for the first time with curiosity, I want to see what files are installed here. this command will allow you to read it at once. you can also add the ls-l parameter to view the attributes of the file. the ls-aF parameter is used to view hidden files and directories.
Man, for help, of course, is indispensable. for example, if I want to know more ls usage, I can use man ls. just Press q when I quit.
Cd. you don't need to say that you know what it is. just don't forget that the path here uses '/' instead of '\' under dos '\'.
Reboot and halt are the restart and shutdown commands respectively. remember not to cut off the power before running the shutdown command. Otherwise, you are at your own risk.
These commands are enough for you to learn by yourself. However, in order to reduce your detours, there are also a few useful commands. it is common to find files. There are also several commands: whereis, find, and locate. To add a token to find, you can use find/-name test.txt and '/' to change it to a specified directory, for example,/usr.
Locate is the fastest to search, but you must use the updatedb command to create a database. if you want to know the number of commands starting with a, you only need to open a and press Tab twice to see a long string of commands starting with. if you want to know what the command is, you can use the whatis command. for example, I see an apropos command. when I run whatis apropos, the system will tell me this is a command to help me find a tool. but you have to run makewhatis to create a database first, otherwise you will not be able to see it. if I urgently need a search tool, I can use apropos to help me find it and run apropos search. you will see some of the tools and commands you need.
Do you know how to learn it by yourself? There are a lot of documents under/usr/doc. let's take a look! If I still want to perform operations while reading the document? Of course! You can use Alt + F2 to see if you have entered another console? Try Alt + F3 again. haha, you understand. now you can switch between them in several consoles. if you encounter a traditional document under the blue dot, you can also use Alt + 1/2/3 to switch the internal code of the current console (EN/GB/BIG5 ), there is no impact between the consoles at all (if garbled characters appear, use Ctrl + L to screen ).
I didn't introduce the operation under Xwindow, because it is so similar to win98 that you can do it without having to say it.
But how does one return to the console from Xwindow? You can use Ctrl + Alt + backspace, or do not need to exit. use Alt + Ctrl + F2 to return to another console and press Ctrl + Alt + F7 to return data (different versions may be different ). how are you doing?
What if a friend is not satisfied with Linux and wants to uninstall it? First, use the win98 boot disk to start and use fdisk/mbr to eliminate the master boot record, then use fdisk to activate the win98 partition, and delete the nodos partition (linux partition ). if it cannot be deleted, you can download a tool named smartfdisk on my homepage to ensure it works.