Linux System Error Message Details

For more information about Linux system error messages, see Linux general technology-Linux technology and application information. In depth: many people are afraid of Linux, because the error message provided by Linux is similar to tianshu. There is a lot of such information. If you search for the word "Error" on a forum in Linux Format (which is the most popular in the UK), you will get more than 150 pages. These are many problems that many people encounter.

The greatest difficulty users encounter is not the number of error messages, but how to find useful information. For example,
What does Kernel Oops mean, or "PCI can't allocate? The error message in Linux is rather dull and hard to understand. It can hardly help. This is a pity, because the vast majority of problems can be easily solved, and a considerable number of errors related to the same problem occur again and again. In the business circle, this is the most immediate part? Please advise ). We need to solve this part of the problem.

Starting your system does not require you to become a Linux expert, and you do not need to be a programmer to play video files. However, most of the error information assumes that their users have mastered such specialized technologies. We try to clarify these common errors and provide solutions to help normal Linux users avoid these problems and bring their systems back to normal. We have selected some areas that we think are the most problematic, including startup, regular software applications, file systems, network and release version installation.

We have selected several common errors from each field and explained how the corresponding solutions work. The purpose is to understand why Linux error messages seem so elusive and daunting even if these questions are not suitable for you. I hope you can learn how to solve your problems.

Release version installation

Each Linux release has different installation routines and creates problems. Ubuntu may work well on one computer, but not on the other. A computer with Ubuntu installed and running properly may not be able to install Fedora, OpenSUSE, Linux Mint, or Mandriva...

ERROR Can't boot from CD/DVD (cannot start from CD)

How do you get started with Linux? The following is usually your first experience with the operating system: You put your new optical disk into the optical drive and restart your computer, it turns out that you have entered the operating system you used previously. The problem is that the boot priority of your hard disk is higher than that of the optical drive. Many modern BIOS include a boot menu where you can dynamically change the startup priority of a device. When something appears on the screen for the first time, try to press the Escape key or F12 key, where you only need to choose to start from the optical drive.

Older computers may not have such convenience. Press F12 or Del to go To the BIOS menu and change the boot sequence from there. You can find related options under the "Boot" menu. You need to save these changes so that they can be started from the optical drive. If you need to start from an external drive or USB flash drive, you can perform the same steps. The above content is equally useful if you are in an Internet cafe or facing a company's computer.



Occasionally you will need to change the device boot priority to be able to boot a live Linux distro from your optical drive

Sometimes you may need to change the device startup priority so that you can start a live Linxu release from the optical drive. Error pci: cannot allocate (not assigned)

There are many such errors, which mainly occur when the system is started. They share a common cause: Incorrect power management. The culprit is something called ACPI, that is, advanced configuration and Power interface. Although he is a power management standard, he has caused numerous problems over the past decade. The trouble is that hardware drivers do not fully implement this protocol specification.

When you turn on your computer, or wake up your computer from sleep, your power management begins to take effect. At this time, some devices may have problems. Installation via Live CD increases problems because they do not provide additional features for strict detection of hardware matching during startup, nor can they contain drivers for all devices, this is why this problem often occurs after installation through Live CD.

There is only one thing you can do-close ACPI. Sometimes you can disable this function through the BIOS menu of the system. If it cannot be disabled, You need to disable ACPI at startup. Press the Escape key at startup to go To the Grub menu and select the item you normally use. Go down to the line started from the kernel and press E to edit the line. Add acpi = off noapic at the end of this line, and press enter and B to start. You will find that your computer is started by the way. If you install Linux later, you should be able to select the correct driver for the release version you choose.

Booting problems (startup error)
Nothing is worse than a piece of information about suspending your system boot-mainly because you have no tool to solve the main problem. However, errors at startup are quite common. Because we like to install the release version, and we often install not only non-release versions on a computer, but also share a hard disk with Windows. Any such installation can disrupt the boot program and it is not that easy to restore a well-running system to its original state.

ERROR Grub...

If you see this message when you open your computer, it indicates that the Grub Startup menu is damaged. This is part of the Linux installation that is responsible for starting the operating system. The only thing you can do is start Linux from other media, preferably Live CD. After entering the desktop, open a command line terminal, switch to the administrator account, and type grub. The following steps can also work if your Grub menu item no longer points to your Linux partition.

Type find/boot/grub/stage1. This command is used to search for the position of the initial startup drive. It will return the include (hd0, 0) several lines of output -- this is the syntax rule that Grub uses to indicate the location of the hard drive. The returned result depends on your own installation, so do not think it is (hd0, 0 ). Enter root (hd0, 0) (or your own return value) to tell the partition from which Grub should be started, and then type setup (hd0) re-install the boot program with the boot record on your hard disk master. Then restart the computer. It should have started properly.



Knowing how to install the Grub bootloader onto your main hard drive can get you out of all sorts of tricky problems.

Knowing how to install Grub boot on your primary hard drive will free you from various difficult issues. ERROR Out of range, ERROR Fatal server error: no screens found (Out of range ERROR, server Fatal ERROR: unable to find the screen)

This error occurs when your preset screen value is incompatible with your monitor. Press Ctrl + Alt + F1 to enter the Console mode and log on as the root user (or use the sudo command as your normal account in ubuntu ). Debian-based release users can type the command dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg to reconfigure your screen.

Other users will have to follow these steps to manually fix their settings. First, type cd/etc/X11, and then cp xorg. conf xorg. lxf to back up your settings file. Now you can open this file with the most handy command line editor. If you are not sure, Type nano xorg. conf. If you know the specifications of your display, flip this configuration file down to find the "Section Monitor" item. Now you need to manually set the horizontal and vertical refresh rates.

If you do not know the resolution of your Screen, continue to flip down until you find the Screen section. You need to delete all the high resolutions here, because we are looking for a minimum denominator (we recommend that you delete any resolution higher than 1024x768 ). After your screen becomes normal, you can increase its resolution from the desktop. These methods do not work, so the final protective option is to change your device to the "vesa" mode, completely avoiding your graphics card driver.

ERROR Kernel panic!

Kernel panic or Kernel oops! The error message is the blue screen crash that most recently plagued Windows users. Like Windows, when this happens, you have no choice but to turn off the power switch. The kernel is at the heart of your Linux system. The kernel crash is usually caused by abnormal hardware operations, which forces the kernel to enter the Unknown Area of the system memory.

The best solution is to upgrade the kernel because the hardware issue may have been corrected in the new version. However, you may need to return the kernel from the boot menu to an earlier version so that you can use Linux and then upgrade it.

Another option is to identify the faulty hardware. The problem may be how you have changed your hardware or installed a new drive. Otherwise, you may have to remove the hardware one by one to test whether your computer can start properly. Although kernel crashes give a lot of information, common users can only understand a few of them, because the original error has pushed the system to an unpredictable state.

ERROR Incorrect username or password (Incorrect user name or password)

You will be surprised that so many users have called us to say they forgot their passwords, or even worse, that they have never been asked to enter their passwords. Fortunately, the password is not lost forever. You need to start your computer to single-user mode or repair mode. To achieve this, you only need to press the Escape key after the computer leaves the BIOS interface, and the Grub Startup menu is displayed.

If you do not have the option of single-user mode or repair mode, select the one that is usually started (which is located at the top of the menu) and press the E key to edit the startup parameter. Move to the line that is switched with the word "kernel", and then press "E" to edit the line of text. Make sure the pointer is at the end of the row and add the following parameter rw init =/bin/bash. Press enter, and then press B to start. We just changed the default startup option to open a Bash terminal rather than a normally started session.

As for the security and repair modes, you need to enter the username and new password you want to change the password. If there is no user name, the passwd command will change the root password. Restart your computer to use your new password.



If you 've got physical access to a machine, you can easily change any user passwords by booting into recovery mode.

If you have physical contact with a computer, you can easily change the password of any user by entering the repair mode after startup. (Translator's note: In my own experience, if the root user has a password, you will first be asked to enter the root password when entering the recover mode, therefore, the above method is only applicable when the root user has no password. The method of changing the grub startup parameter at startup is not restricted. You can change the root password)
File System

The file system is part of the Linux kernel you have installed. It is responsible for reading and writing files on external devices. This part is usually very robust, but sudden power outages or abnormal behavior Huang hardware may also cause some problems. Any problem with your file system is usually complicated to solve. Therefore, the solutions we listed are all using the command line.

ERROR Run fsck manually (manually Run fsck)

There are dozens of different types of basic file system errors. These errors usually occur when the computer is started, and often lead to a "read-only" warning on the Root partition. This means that if your computer can be started, you will not be able to do anything. The solution is to start from Live CD, which ensures that your corrupted drive is not touched by the boot program so that the file system Repair Tool can make necessary modifications to fix the problem.

The command you need to run is fsck-f/dev/drive, but you need to replace "drive" in the command with your own root partition device ". It depends on your installation. For example, the first partition on the primary drive is sda1. The initial error message should contain this information. You need to run fsck as an administrator, which means that Ubuntu users need to create a user with Ubuntu Live CD. Just type the following two Commands: sudo passwd root and sudo bash.

ERROR Device is busy (the Device is busy)

Many of us use external hard disks and USB flash drives, but sometimes these devices refuse to detach themselves from the file system. You cannot just unplug it, because you may lose data that has not been written to the device in the local cache. You can solve this problem by typing sync in the command line, which forces any cached data to be immediately written to the device, but this still cannot solve the problem of being unable to load.

To solve the problem that the file cannot be loaded, you need to use a command called lsof, which needs to be installed separately. Type "lsof mount point" to list the processes that are currently accessing files on the device. You need to kill these processes before you can detach the drive.

Knowing this technique will make it easy to handle CD or DVD dismounting, because the technology used is the same (but it does not involve sync because they are read-only devices ). Here is an example:

> Umount/mnt/contentumount:/mnt/content: device is busy> lsof/mnt/contentCOMMAND pid user fd type device size node NAMEsmbd 23222 root cwd DIR 8, 33 4096 2/mnt/content> kill-9 23222> umount/mnt/contentNetworking (network)
Few people are willing to detect and fix network problems. But in our wired world, these problems cannot be avoided. Fortunately, a few errors account for a large proportion of these problems, and we have already solved them for you.

ERROR Server not found (Server not found)

This is a classic network error. After you open your computer and wait for the system to start, click the link to your favorite webpage. However, he did not open the server, and the "server error" message appeared. There are many possible causes for this problem. The best way to solve this problem is to start from the main connection. Is your router connected to the power supply? Does your broadband connection work on your router?

If you are using a wireless network, you obviously need to check the wireless connection on your Linux machine. If you are using wired Ethernet, check whether the two LEDs around the cable are on. The orange LED light is bright, indicating that there is a connection, and the green LED light flashes with the network action.

If there is no problem, it means the problem lies in your Linux system. If you have checked the network settings panel of your release and everything looks normal, you need to try a system command line tool. The ifconfig command generates many outputs, but this is the quickest way to ensure that your network connection has been assigned an IP address. If it is a wired connection, find eth0. If it is a wireless connection, find ath0 or wlan0. Make sure that your network has the correct network address.

If the preceding method does not work, enter the following command: ifconfig eth0 down, And then ifconfig eth0 up. Maybe you want to try the route command to determine that there is only one fixed gateway address. If you find two, type "route del gateway address" to delete one.



This kind of error message can be caused by a virtually limitless number of problems.

This error message may be caused by countless problems. Error msn won't connect (MSN cannot connect)

This has nothing to do with the messenger Client-Pidgin, Kopete, KMess and AMSN sometimes cannot connect to the server. This type of problem is usually caused by changes in the server protocol, which means that each client needs to be upgraded. But it may also be caused by your local connection. MSN is very sensitive to firewall and port forwarding. The solution is to use HTTP, which is usually an option in your account window. Since HTTP is a common protocol for network transmission, you should not have any difficulties in connection.




If the connection options for MSN aren't working, switch to HTTP in the account settings page.

If the MSN connection option does not work, convert it to HTTP on the user settings page.

Software)
This is a frustrating aspect when we use Linux. OS X and Windows users are often surprised to find that Linux users cannot even download a software package from the Internet, and then double-click the package to install the application without hindrance. They can easily get the latest applications such as Gimp, Inkscape a and OpenOffice.org by downloading and running a file. Linux users do not have such good luck, and this problem is further aggravated by the use of different software installation methods in most releases.

ERROR Permission denied (insufficient permissions)

This error is caused by system security settings. It often occurs when you execute programs or edit some files from the command line. Linux locks some files and directories, so that even if the account is stolen, the user cannot run key programs of the system. This mechanism is more useful in Linux servers or Linux frameworks with hundreds of users. Although he is also important in a single-user system, it is okay even if you avoid these precautions to give yourself sufficient permissions to start or open some key files.

You can achieve this on the desktop or on the command line, but you need to use the system administrator account to change the required permissions. On the command line, enter the sudo bash command to enter the administrator account. If you are not a Debian user, you only need to enter su. You can use "chown username and file name" to change the ownership of the file. Adding the-R parameter will recursively change the ownership of all files in the folder. But this cannot help other users on your computer, because they will still face permission issues.

The correct answer is to change the executable permissions of the file. You can use the chmod command to change the permission. Type "chmod + x file name" to give each user on your computer executable permissions on the file. Similarly, "chmod + rw file name" grants all users the permission to read and write the file. ERROR Downloads won't run! (Cannot be downloaded)

Several months ago, we included Runes of aveon 2 in our released DVD (Note: awalon Magic 2, a smart elimination game. It is enclosed in a tar.gz file. Most of us don't even notice this game, because we have been numb to the weirdness of Linux. But we have also received several new linuxusers (this is the phone number of the users who want to compete for it), asking why the tar.gz file cannot run. Of course, the .tar.gz file is an archive file. It is like a zip file. You need to extract it to a folder to run the trial game.

You can right-click the file on the desktop and choose to decompress it, or type "tar xvf file name .tar.gz" in the command line. However, you do not need to know the command line method. Then you need to find a. bin or. sh file and double-click the file to run the game. If you are not lucky, you may need to enter the created folder in the command line and type./install. sh for installation. On behalf of Linux advocates around the world, we apologize for the inconvenience.



Unless you're used to Linux, running demos and downloads isn' t as straightforward as on other operating systems.

Unless you are familiar with Linux, running trial software and downloading will not be as smooth as running in other operating systems.

ERROR Flash movies don't move (Flash video cannot be played)

I really sympathize with those users who have just started Linux. They started the newly installed system and found that they could not spend the day on YouTube. Yes, few Linux releases support Flash playback by default. Even worse, your browser cannot be optimistic about the claim that Flash installation can be completed with just a few clicks, which is usually lying. However, there is a safe way to obtain Flash playback support.

Search for "adobe flash download" on Google and click the first top link. On the New Page, select "version to downloadrunner" and click "User protocol. The file will be saved. Remember where the file exists in the browser. Next, open a command line terminal and type cd + space + path of the file you downloaded (usually in your main folder ~ /Desktop ).

Enter the folder, type tar xvf install_flash * to decompress the downloaded file, and cd to enter the new folder. Now you need to type./flashplayer-installer to execute the installation program and pay attention to the prompt on the screen ). The browser will restart later and you will have a working Adobe Flash.



Even if Adobe Flash support isn' t part of your distribution, a working installation is only two minutes away.

Even if your release does not support Adobe Flash, installing a Support Program will take two minutes.