Linux system upgrade experience

Linux system upgrade experience when we use Linux for a while, we naturally don't want to work in a system without any changes, but want to be like in a Windows system, constantly upgrade your Linux. On the other hand, Linux itself is an open system. the experience of every Linux system upgrade tells us that when we use Linux for a while, we will not always be able to work in a system without any changes, instead, you are eager to constantly upgrade your Linux system as in Windows. On the other hand, Linux itself is an open system. new software is available every day, and the Linux distribution kit and kernel are constantly updated. Under such circumstances, it is very urgent to learn to upgrade Linux (including the system itself and various software. In a Linux environment, the upgraded object can be a general software, a compiler, a system kernel, or even the system itself. Next, let's talk about how to upgrade different objects. 1. generally, upgrading an application software is relatively simple, because you don't have to worry too much about the impact on other software after the upgrade (if it is a system upgrade, the situation will be different ). First, you must find the new version you want to upgrade. You can find your favorite software on a Linux site. Then, you can use various download tools to download the software to a specified directory. Most of the downloaded software is a tar-packed gzip file. Before processing the software, you 'd better use the tar tvf or tar ztvf command to see what files are included in the downloaded file. Because the obtained software may be a binary file or source code, you can use the above command to see which file is actually used. If it is a binary file, you can open the package directly, and then delete the corresponding old file. If it is a source file, pay attention to whether the package contains help and installation files (readme/install/help. Open the software to the specified directory, carefully check the prompts and installation conventions in the help and installation files, and then install the software. In this case, the installation requires compiling the source code. First, modify the Makefile file. the modified content and modification method can be found in the related files in the software package. In addition, the software package contains a shell program configure, it can save a lot of time. After processing makefile, you can use the make command to compile the specified file. Run the make install command to install the software on your computer. 2. to upgrade the compiler, we can first run the "gcc-v" command to check the current gcc version and decide whether to upgrade it. When we need to upgrade our gcc, connector, assembler, and various header files and function libraries, we can get the corresponding software package on the relevant site, and then open it in the specified directory, delete (overwrite) the old file at the same time. 3. upgrading the function library is troublesome because you need to re-specify the database connection after the upgrade. We know that library files in Linux are divided into two types: Archive and shared library. The file in the file library is generally libx. a, while the file in the shared library is generally libx. so. version. a new version must be used to upgrade the function library. A and. The so. version File replaces the file of the old version. Yes. File a is very easy. you only need to copy the new file to the specified directory to overwrite the original file. However, we should be very careful when operating the shared library. You must never simply copy a new file to a directory and then delete the old file. Because it is possible that the old function library is being used by a program. We must ensure that every program can find the shared library correctly. Simply put, when we put the new version of the shared library file under the specified directory, we can use the ln command to complete: ln-sf/usr/lib/libdb. so. new ("new" indicates the new version number)/usr/lib/libdb. so. old ("old" is the original file); for example:/usr/lib/libdb. so.2 the original file is/usr/llib/libdb. so.2.0.1, now has a new file/usr/lib/libdb. so.2.78.1: ln-sf/usr/lib/libdb. so.2.78.1/usr/lib/libdb. so.2; then, we can set/usr/lib/libdb. delete the so.2.0.1 file. 4. the simplest way to upgrade the system is ...... The entire system can be fully included in a cd-rom. Of course, such an upgrade method is troublesome. at the same time, each upgrade means that the original file may be lost. Therefore, there is no need to always reinstall the system. Each Linux Release Kit is actually a file that records the upgrade status. For example, if slackwarehas a changelog.txt file, the updates of slackware are recorded in chronological order. In RedHat, it is/redhat-4.2/updates/00readme. errata. we can see from these files whether the upgrade is required. Find the corresponding software package and install the software package on the computer using installpkg filename or rpm-U filename.