Operators in the Perl language

Source: Internet
Author: User
Tags arithmetic operators bitwise bitwise operators comparison logical operators

One, arithmetic operators: + (plus),-(minus), * (multiply),/(except), * * (UP),% (remainder),-(Monocular negative)

(1) The base of the exponentiation can not be negative, such as ( -5) * * 2.5 # error;
(2) The result of a exponentiation cannot exceed the limit indicated by the computer, such as the 999999 # error
(3) The operand of the remainder, if not an integer, is rounded to an integer and the operator to the right cannot be zero
(4) Monocular negative can be used for variables:-$y; # equivalent to $y *-1
(5) corresponding to + =,-=, *=,/=, **=,%=

Second, integer comparison operators

Table 1. Integer comparison Operators

Operator Describe
< Less than
> Greater than
== Equals
<= Less than or equal
>= Greater than or equal
!= Not equal to
<=> Compare, return 1, 0,-1

The operators <=> results are:
0-Two values equal
1-Large first value
1-Large second value

Three, string comparison operators

Table 2. string comparison operators
Operator Describe
Lt Less than
Gt Greater than
eq Equals
Le Less than or equal
Ge Greater than or equal
Ne Not equal to
Cmp Compare, return 1, 0, or-1

Four, logical operators

Logic or: $a | | $b or $a or $b
Logic with: $a && $b or $a and $b
Logical non-:! $a or not $a
Logical XOR: $a XOR $b

Five, bitwise operators

Bits and:&
Bit or: |
Bit non: ~
Bit XOR: ^
Shift Left: $x << 1
Shift Right: $x >> 2
Note: Do not use & for negative integers, because Perl will convert them to unsigned numbers.

Six, assignment operators

Table 3. Assignment operators

Operator Describe
= Assignment only
+= Addition and assignment
-= Subtraction and assignment
*= Multiplication and assignment
/= Division and Assignment
%= Remainder and assignment
**= Exponentiation and Assignment
&= Bitwise and and assignment
|= Bitwise OR and Assignment
^= Bitwise XOR and Assignment

Table 4. Assignment operator Examples

An expression An equivalent expression
$a = 1; None (Basic Assignment)
$a-= 1; $a = $a-1;
$a *= 2; $a = $a * 2;
$a/= 2; $a = $a/2;
$a%= 2; $a = $a% 2;
$a **= 2; $a = $a * * 2;
$a &= 2; $a = $a & 2;
$a |= 2; $a = $a | 2;
$a ^= 2; $a = $a ^ 2;

Note:
1. = can occur multiple times in an assignment statement, such as:
$value 1 = $value 2 = "a string";
2. = as a sub-expression
($a = $b) + = 3;
Equivalent to
$a = $b;
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