SlackwareLinux hands-on Configuration

Article Title: SlackwareLinux hands-on configuration. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Includes basic categories such as desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open source.
　　 3. hardware configuration
After the previous installation, I have installed a very basic Linux system into my computer. So can we use it with confidence now? Not yet. At least it can only be used in a very small scope, which is meaningless for me to enjoy "lazy" in Windows. Therefore, you must "simulate" the system into Windows.
It makes sense to install such a basic system.
First, the basic system is easy to troubleshoot. This is not the first time I installed Linux or Slackware. I know that most of the first installation will encounter one or another problems. Most of these problems are caused by improper initial system configuration. When X is not installed, You can first ignore the configuration of the video card. The remaining is basically the configuration of the mouse, keyboard, hard disk, optical drive, sound card, CAT and nic. These can be solved in the basic system, and the less software installed, the less interference we have.
Secondly, it is easy to explain the Linux system structure. Any Unix system (including Linux) is composed of thousands of programs, both large and small. They interact with each other and are independent from each other. Therefore, there is a lot of room for system combination and cropping. Without a graphical environment, the system can still work well. Even with X, users can switch between different Window managers at will. This gives users full freedom.
Third, introduce the installation method of Linux software. The Installation Process of Linux software is similar, and we must install new software on our own in the future. So here I can introduce the installation method and process of Linux software in detail through different examples. This is also the only way to use Linux.
To sum up, the installation of the basic system is designed for both use and teaching purposes.
　　
Let me first talk about the configuration of my machine:
Toshiba Satellite 2655 xDVD (Notebook ):
CPU: celon 466
RAM: 128 MB
HD: 10 GB IDE
FD: 1.44 MB
CD-ROM: 8 x DVD
MODEM: Lucent Winmodem v.90
LANCard: car000010/100 Fast Ethernet Adapter II
SoundCard: ESS Technology | ES1978 Maestro 2E
VideoCard: Trident Cyber9525xDVD 2 MB RAM
PCMCIA: Type II x2
　　
It is difficult to install a Linux system on a laptop, because most of its hardware support is poor. Fortunately, my hardware is supported (but the problem persists ). Desktop problems, especially self-collected issues, will improve compatibility.
　　
Next we start to correct the error (Debug ).
　　
You can view the system startup information that has been flashed. You can see the system's Initialization Configuration for each hardware. I only have one IDE hard disk, which is hda; the optical drive is found as hdc (note, this is very important information); the sound card detects that the system uses the OSS driver module; two PCMCIA slots are found. Everything went smoothly. Log on to the system and perform one-to-one checks.
　　
Darkstar login: root
# Mouseconfig // configure the mouse. If you cannot find the driver, select PS/2.
# Cd/fat-d // enter my d Disk
# Ls // check what is in it
Freesoftware linux music pic_backgrand // This is something on my D Drive and everything works.
# Cd music/Movie
# Mpg123 lovestory.pdf // try a song at will
High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layer 1, 2, and 3.
Version 0.59q (2002/03/23). Written and copyrights by Joe Drew.
Uses code from various people. See 'readme 'for more!
This software comes with absolutely no warranty! Use at your own risk!
　　
Playing MPEG stream from lovestory.pdf...
MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 48000Hz joint-stereo
[] Playing lovestory‑finished.
# Mount/mnt/cdrom // find a cd
Mount: special device/dev/sdc0 does not exist
? The optical drive cannot be installed. And it turned out to be the installation of/dev/sdc0. My optical drive is clearly/dev/hdc? There must be a problem.
# Ls-l/dev/cdrom // check the Optical Drive Device
Lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 8 Jan 23/dev/cdrom->/dev/sdc0
It turns out that/dev/cdrom is a link and is linked to/dev/sdc0. Sdc should be a SCSI device. I do not have this book. Of course, it cannot be installed. Know the cause, of course, the right remedy.
# Rm/dev/cdrom // Delete the error Link first
# Ln-s/dev/hdc/dev/cdrom // create a link pointing to the correct device
# Ls-l/dev/cdrom // Let's take a look.
Lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 8 Jun 23 :24/dev/cdrom->/dev/hdc
# Mount/mnt/cdrom // reinstall the CD
# Ls/mnt/cdrom
Something in the cd-rom... // Well, This time everything is normal. Remove the CD.
# Umount/mnt/cdrom // uninstall
# Eject/dev/cdrom // pop-up
　　
Now, all the basic hardware problems have been solved. Install the software.
1. Use pkgtool to install the. tgz package
. Tgz is a collection of compiled binary files packaged and compressed by tar and gzip tools. Pkptool installs the files in the directory to the specified directory by category. All files are automatically installed. You only need to choose whether to install or not. Enter the directory where the package is located and directly enter the pkgtool command. Select the first item "Install from Current Directory" and select YES or NO as prompted. We have installed all the uninstalled parts (X, XAP, GNOME, N, L, T, TCL)
　　
2. Compile and install the source code package
In fact, the vast majority of Unix software is released in the form of source code. The advantage of this is that users can modify the software according to the actual situation of their systems. Next let's take a look at how to install the source code package.
Target software: zhcon-0.2.3.tar.gz Linux Console Chinese System similar UCDOS Software
# Mkdir temp // create a temporary directory
# Cp zhcon-0.2.3.tar.gz temp // copy the package to a temporary directory
# Cd temp
# Tar vxzf zhcon-0.2.3.tar.gz // unzip, archive one step in place, then a new directory will be generated
# Cd zhcon-0.2.3
#./Configure // configure the compiling environment
# Make // start Compilation
# Make install // install
So far, zhcon has been installed. The last three steps are the standard operations for installing the source code package. After you execute./configure, the installer will tell you the directory where the program is installed. To uninstall the software, delete the directory directly (do not forget to delete the execution command zhcon in/usr/local/bin ).
　　
3. Install the. RPM package with rpm
?? RPM is the Redhat Package Manager and an automated Installation tool developed by RedHat. We use it to install an mpeg player: CandyPlayer
# Cpcandyplayer-0.1.1-1.i386.rpm temp/
# Cd temp
# Rpm-ivh candyplayer-0.1.1-1.i386.rpm // here is the full name of the package
A progress bar is displayed to tell you the installation process. Before RPM is installed, the system integrity is checked to check whether files are missing. If the required file is missing, the installation is rejected.
To delete the installed software, run the following command:
# Rpm-e candyplayer // here is the software name
Using RPM is that simple.
　　
4. Install the binary Program
Some software vendors are reluctant to publish source code, so they directly make the software into a large installation file. Next we will install such a thing.
MusicMatch Jukebox should be familiar to everyone? An excellent music playing software. It comes out of a Linux version, a single binary Installation File-install-mmjb-1.43.sh. Let's install it. Since it must be installed under X, we assume that the Window environment is already in place. Open a console window.
# Cd/temp
#./Install-mmjb-1.43.sh
The installation process is similar to that of installing software in Windows. Note that this software allows normal users to install it, but cannot add links to the/var directory and can only be installed in their own home directories.
　　
So far, various types of software installation methods in Linux are introduced. Next we will configure the X environment.
The XFree86 system, window manager, and X application must be installed in the X environment. After the installation is completed as follows, perform the following operations:
# Xfree86setup // the system automatically detects your video card, tells you the result, and writes down the result, which will be used later.
# Xf86config // enter the configuration program in text mode.
First configure the mouse, then the keyboard, which is very simple. Select a common model. It will ask you to give a logo to the mouse and keyboard, just press one, and press Enter. Select n as an additional option.
The following is a monitor configuration. You must know the parameters of your monitor. You must never select a monitor. Otherwise, don't look for me if it is burned. If it cannot be found, select a Standard. The identifier is also required here, as shown in the preceding figure.
A video card is provided after the monitor is configured. Indicates whether to select a video card in the video card list and Type y. You cannot press enter directly here. Otherwise, return n. If you select your graphics card driver, select 0: Standard VESA (the 1024x768 mode is supported ). Then select the video memory size, the supported color depth (up to 800x600 for 24 bits), the resolution, and whether to expand the virtual screen. Select 4 at the end and select the color depth again.
Finally, you can write the configuration file. Select disk y to exit.
So far, we have completed all the hardware configuration work. Enter X immediately
# Startx
　　
　　 4. User Configuration
?? So far, we have performed all the operations as the system administrator root. It is very dangerous to operate with root! Because root has all the power, a small misoperation may cause the entire system to crash. Therefore, we must create an ordinary user for daily work.
# Useradd USERNAME // Add your own account
# Passwd USERNAME // set a password for the new account
?? It seems that we have never set the root password. Please try again.
# Passwd // No user name is required here, that is, set a password for yourself
?? Note that the password of the Unix system is not displayed, and you cannot see what you enter. Therefore, you must enter it carefully. When you set the password, you will be asked to re-enter it to confirm whether you entered it correctly. After adding a new user, you should immediately exit the root identity and Log On As a normal user.
# Logout // or exit, or Ctrl + D
Darkstar login: USERNAME
Password:
$
A common user starts with the dollar sign $ (root is #). To install software and perform system maintenance, run the following command:
$ Su // upgrade to root
Password: // root password
# // You have become the root user.