Special variables in Perl

Special variables in Perl

1. $&, $ ', $ ' used in pattern matching

$& is used to hold the value in the match
$ ' used to hold all previous characters in match
$' Used to hold all characters after the match

Such as:
#!/usr/bin/perl-w
If " Hello good There,neigbor hello "=~/S (w+),/)
{
Print " That actually matched ' $& '. ";
Print $ '. "   ";
Print $ ' ." ";
}

The results of the execution are:

That actually matched' There, '.
Hello Good
Neigbor Hello

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
Other commonly used variable @_
@_ is a private variable of a subroutine; if there is a global variable @_, it will be stored before the subroutine call, and when the subroutine call completes, its early values are returned to the @_. This means that when you pass a parameter to a subroutine, you don't have to worry about it affecting the value of the variable @_ the other subroutine in the program. When nested subroutine calls, the value of the @_ is similar to the above. Even when this subroutine is called recursively, each call gets a new @_, so the subroutine calls it gets its own argument list.

Unless the calling subroutine has a & followed by no parentheses (or no arguments), @_ is obtained from this caller's context. This is usually not a good idea, but sometimes it's
Useful.

2. Perl-$_ and @_

Perl ' s a great language for special variables-variables that are set up without the programmer has to intervene and P Roviding information ranging from the number of lines read from the Current input file ($.)Through the Current process ID ($$)and the operating System ($^O). Other special variables effect certain operations are performed ( $| controlling output buffering/flushing, for example), or are fundamental in the operation of certain facilities-no more so than and $_.

Lets clear a misconception. $_and @_are different variables. In Perl, you can have a list and a scalar of the same name, and they refer to unrelated pieces of memory.

$_ is known as the ' default input and pattern matching spaces '. In the ' other words ', if you are read in from a file handle at the top of a whileLoop, or run a foreachLoop and don ' t name a loop variable, $_ is set up to you. Then any regular expression matches, ChopS (and LCS and many more) without a parameter, and even Prints assume you want to work on $_. Thus:
while ($line = <FH>) {
if ($line =~/perl/) {
Print FHO $line;
}
Print UC $line;
}

Shortens to:
while (<FH>) {
/perl/and
Print FHO;
Print UC;
}

@_ is the list of incoming parameters to a sub.So if you are write a sub, you refer to the the ' the ' the ' the ' the ' the ' the ' parameter $_[0], the second parameter as $_[1]And so on. and can refer to $_#As the index number of the last parameter:
Sub Demo {
Print "Called with", $ #_ +1, "params/n";
Print "A param was $_[0]/n";

Note that the 中文版Module adds in the "ability to refer to" special variables by other longer, but easier to remember, names such as @ARG F or @_ and $PID for $$.  But use 中文版; Can have a detrimental performance effect if you ' re matching regular the expressions against long incoming strings.