Start learning LINUX

Start to learn about LINUX-general Linux technology-Linux technology and application information. The following is a detailed description. I used to want to learn LINUX for a long time, but I gave up from the very beginning several times. Today, our technical director, old money, gave us a small training team and I feel that some of them are really good, note what you know today, encourage yourself, and cheer!

Today, I started to learn how to install CentOS, with emphasis on installing the Developer package, especially the gcc in the package, because the software will be compiled with it.

After installation, check the system directory:

The/dev directory is for all devices.

The/home directory is the root directory of the user (except the root directory). When a user is added to the directory, a directory named after the user name is automatically generated, that is, the root directory of the user ,, each user can perform all operations on his/her root directory, but cannot perform any operations on other directories unless the administrator gives you the appropriate permissions. root is not in the/home directory, but in the/root directory ,"~ "Symbol indicates the root directory

The/lib directory is all the application software libraries provided by the system, such as calculators in WINDOWS, but it is not the kernel library, and the kernel is not stored in this directory

The/bin directory contains all command directories, such as ls and other commands.

The/mnt directory is the directory of all mounted devices. Some external devices (such as optical drives) can be mounted to the/mnt/cdrom directory as directories.

/Opt,/var, and/usr are Directories available to users, including the software to be installed. in particular, the/usr directory contains a series of directory names similar to the root directory of the system, and compares the directory/usr/lib with some software libraries installed by users.

After the system is installed, you need to install the software. The installation software is completely different from that in WINDOWS. The main steps are as follows:

1. download the software to a directory (such as the root directory of the user) wget software URL Command to download the software from the specified URL to the directory

2. Unzip the installation package: tar-zxvf xxxxxx.tar.gz // xxxxxxxx indicates the file name.

3. Go to the decompressed directory and start to configure the environment, that is, to check whether the system environment can be compiled in the next step. Run the command: configure followed by a bunch of parameters, for specific parameters, you can check the relevant parameters on the Internet based on the installed software. This step often fails because some compiling environments may be missing in the system, so we can handle it based on the error information, such as downloading and installing the corresponding software, and then re-configuring it again, this is repeated until the compilation environment configuration is completed successfully, because this is the preparation for the compilation, so the next step can only be completed after the compilation is successful.

4. This is the key step, that is, compiling. It takes a long time for make to complete this step. Today, we have waited for a long time.

5. After the compilation is complete, this step is simple. make install installs the compiled software to the directory specified during configure.

Note: These five steps are relative to the software that has not been compiled, because many software installation packages in LINUX are source programs. Unlike most of the software in WINDOWS, compiled packages can be directly installed, therefore, it is necessary to generate a binary file after compilation before installation. If the downloaded software has already been compiled, you can skip the first four steps and proceed directly to step 4. However, we recommend that you compile your own software. Because the software compiled in your system is compiled based on your own hardware, it is better compatible with your computer. This is also the advantage of LINUX, however, the editing process is too long. It may be several times difficult.

Oh, I also learned a few common commands today. Remember:

Ls: to list all files in a directory. ls-l: To list objects, you can also list object access permissions.

The useradd username can be used to add users. Of course, you must have the corresponding permissions.

Passwd user name can set a password for the specified user

You can add a group by groupadd group name.

Chown changes the owner and group of a file, that is, it can change the user or group of a file.

Apt-get install ssh in ubuntu, but prompts you to insert the ubuntu installation disk

I can't think of it anymore. That's all about it. continue learning.

I believe this is the beginning of my study of linux.