The various HTML

As a novice, a look is always think of HTML is the case, and then checked, and then ~ ~ ~ and then ...

Do not know what the difference between the browser, so spent 1 days to read all kinds of information, write some summary, for reference only.

1. Browser kernel

The most important or core part of the browser is "Rendering engine", which can be translated into "rendering engines", but we are generally used to call it "browser kernel". Responsible for the interpretation of Web page syntax (such as an application HTML, JavaScriptunder standard Universal Markup Language ) and rendering (display) Web pages. So the so-called browser kernel is the rendering engine used by the browser, and the rendering engine determines how the browser displays the contents of the page and the formatting information of the page. Different browser cores have different interpretations of the syntax of the Web page, so the rendering (display) effect of the same page in different kernel browsers may be different, which is why the Web page writer needs to test the display of the page in different kernel browsers.

Kernel classification

1.Trident

Trident (ie kernel): This kernel program was first adopted in the 1997 IE4, which was modified by Microsoft on the basis of mosaic code, and used in IE11, also known as the "IE kernel". Trident is actually an open kernel, its interface core design is quite mature, so there are many using IE kernel instead of IE browser (Shell browser) emerges. because IE itself "monopoly" (although nominally IE is not a monopoly, but in fact, especially from the Windows 95 to the beginning of the XP, in terms of market share, ie indeed with the use of Windows Dongfeng in the "monopoly" status) and make the Trident core of the long-term a single big , Microsoft has not updated the Trident kernel for a long time, which leads to two consequences-one is that the Trident kernel was almost out of touch with the Standard (2005), the second is the Trident kernel of a large number of bugs and other security issues have not been resolved in a timely manner, Then add some developers who are committed to open source and some scholars to open their view that Internet Explorer is unsafe, there are many users to other browsers,Firefox and Opera is the rise of this time . The significant increase in the market share of non-Trident kernel browsers has also led many web developers to pay attention to web standards and non-IE browser browsing effects. add: IE starts with version 11 and initially supports WEBGL technology. IE8 's JavaScript engine is JSCRIPT,IE9 start with Chakra, these two versions differ greatly, chakra both speed and standardization are excellent. The main browsers of the Trident kernel are:IE6, IE7, IE8, IE9, IE10;360 Secure Browser (1.0-5.0 is trident,6.0 for trident+webkit,7.0 for Trident+blink); Cheetah Security Browser (1.0-4.2 version is trident+webkit,4.3 and later version is Trident+blink); Proud Tour Browser (1.x, 2.x IE Core, 3.x ie and Webkit dual core); Baidu Browser (earlier version); window of the World browser（originally IE Kernel, 2013 adopt chrome+ie kernel); Sogou high-speed browser (1.x for trident,2.0 and later version for Trident+webkit); Dolphin Browser (iphone/ipad/android); UC Browser (blink kernel +trident kernel), etc. Some of the new versions of these browsers are "dual-core" or "multicore", one of which is Trident and then one additional kernel. Domestic manufacturers generally call other cores "high-speed browsing mode", while Trident is "compatible browsing mode", users can switch back and forth.

2.Gecko

Gecko (Firefox Kernel): Netscape6 began to adopt the kernel, and later Mozilla Firefox (Firefox) also adopted the kernel, Gecko is characterized by the full disclosure of the code, so it can be developed to a high degree, Programmers all over the world can write code for it, adding functionality. Because this is an open source kernel, so favored by many people, Gecko Kernel browser is also many, this is the gecko core although young but the market share can quickly increase the important reason.

In fact, the origin of the Gecko engine is not unrelated to ie, previously said IE did not use the standard, which led to a number of Microsoft internal development staff dissatisfaction; they started Mozilla with some of the Netscape employees who had stopped updating. The kernel was rewritten based on the Mosaic kernel, and Gecko was developed. In fact,the Gecko kernel browser still has the most Firefox users, so it is sometimes called the Firefox kernel . Gecko is also a cross-platform kernel that can be used in Windows, BSD, Linux, and Mac OS X.

Add: JavaScript engine is SpiderMonkey.

Gecko Kernel main browser: Mozilla Firefox

3.Presto

Presto (formerly Opera kernel) ( deprecated ): The kernel, which was used by Opera12.17 and earlier, has now ceased to be developed and discarded, and the kernel was first used in the 2003 Opera7, which was characterised by the ultimate in rendering speed optimization, but at the expense of Web compatibility.

In fact, this is a dynamic kernel , the biggest difference with the previous several kernels on the script processing, Presto has a natural advantage, the page can be all or part of the response to the script event, such as in the case of re-parsing. In addition, the kernel has the fastest speed when executing the javascrīpt , according to the test under the same conditions, the Presto kernel performs equivalent javascrīpt only about Gecko of Trident and 1/3 cores. (The Trident kernel is the slowest, but the difference is not much). Unfortunately Presto is a commercial engine, the use of Presto except opera, only the Ndsbrowser, Wii Internet Channle, Nokia 770 Web browser, etc., which greatly limits the development of Presto.

Opera has now switched to Google Chrome's blink kernel.

4.Webkit

Webkit (Safari kernel, chrome kernel prototype, open source): It is Apple's own kernel and the kernel used by Apple's Safari browser. The WebKit engine includes the WebCore typesetting engine and the JavaScriptCore parsing engine, all derived from KDE's khtml and KJS engines , which are free software, licensed under the GPL, and supporting the development of BSD systems. So WebKit is also free software , while open source code. In terms of security is not affected by IE, Firefox, so Safari browser is still very safe at home.

Limited to the use of Mac OS X is not widespread and Safari has been just Mac OS X's exclusive browser, the kernel itself should say the market is not large, but it seems that according to the latest browser survey shows that the browser market has even surpassed Opera's Presto- This, of course, is due to the popularity of Apple's move to the x86 architecture, and the fact that Safari 3 has finally launched the Windows edition . There are also popular browsers such as OmniWeb, Shiira and so on under Mac.

Google Chrome, 360 speed browser and Sogou high-speed browser are also using WebKit as the kernel (in scripting, Chrome uses its own V8 engine). The WebKit kernel is also widely used on mobile phones, such as Google's phone Gphone, Apple's iphone, and the browser kernel engine used by Nokia's Series browser, all based on WebKit.

WebKit Kernel Common Browser: Proud browser 3, Apple Safari (win/mac/iphone/ipad), Android default browser

5.Blink

Blink is a browser typesetting engine developed by Google and Opera Software, which Google plans to use as part of the Chromium program, and announced this in April 2013. This rendering engine is a branch of the WebCore component in the open Source Engine WebKit, and is used in Chrome (28 and later), Opera (15 and later), and Yandex browser.

Common browsers for the Blink kernel: Chrome (28 and later), Opera (15 and later)

The various HTML