[Translate] from R60 to go 1

This is a creation in Article, where the information may have evolved or changed.

Go1 release of the day more and more close, the Golang community like the spring water will be opened, the parking is constantly coming from all kinds of voices about Go1.
This article is summarized in a more complete, clear, and then translated.
Original: http://gophersays.com/from-r60-to-go1/

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Go 1 has come to the door, guys, it has many changes!

Here are some important things you need to know:

Go command
New map Delete Syntax
Error has its own bag.
Overridden libraries
The new library

Go command

Go has a new main command, go, to replace all the other old go commands:

previous	now
godoc	Go doc
gofix	go fix
gofmt-l-w *.go	go fmt
goinstall	go get
gorun	go run
gotest	go test
govet	go vet
make	go build
make clean	go clean
make install	Go install

(Most of the tool commands, including 6g/8g, 6l/8l, 6cov/8cov, Gotype, Gopprof, and 6prof/8prof, are now the Go tool.) See the Go tool to see the full list. ）

Come on, makefiles.

Go 1 has abandoned makefiles, which is always a temporary solution anyway. As an alternative, all things-including how to get packages, how to compile them, and how to test them-will be exported directly from the source code, all of which are controlled by an environment variable, Gopath.

In order for Go 1 to compile a package, the package must be included in the path list of the Gopath. (If Gopath is not set, go uses its own directory instead.) ）

• All compiled binary Wenjian (thx Joe Yougy) files are stored in Gopath/bin
• All compiled packages are stored in gopath/pkg//
• All source code stored in gopath/src/

This means that if there is a package Github.com/pmylund/helloworld, the source code should be saved in the directory Src/github.com/pmylund/helloworld listed in Gopath. When you execute go install, the compiled package will appear in the Pkg//github.com/pmylund/helloworld in this Gopath directory.

Because of these new conventions, the only configuration that Go needs is gopath. There are no Makefile, no custom scripts, and no need to worry about naming conflicts.

Here's an example of building and executing your own projects, and avoiding the clutter of your project's catalog with external code. (e.g. using go get):

In ~/.bash_aliases (or ~/.BASH_RC):

mygo=/home/patrick/projects/gogoroot=/home/patrick/apps/gogobin= $goroot/bin: $mygo/binexport GOPATH= $goroot: $ Mygoexport path= $PATH: $gobin

Because the Go directory is the first folder listed in Gopath, this will be used as the default target directory for use with the go get command--unless your project has been reset to another directory, this will be the place to store your project's compiled bin and pkg directories.

(If you don't have write access to the Go directory, you can specify another as the default directory instead of Goroot.) Go will install all the new third-party packages there. ）

(When you build a project that will import a package, for example, Github.com/pmylund/helloworld,go will look in all the directories listed in Gopath.) ）

To understand the rationale behind this, refer to Russ Cox's message called the Go Command published on the golang-nuts mailing list.

New map Delete Syntax

You can now use Delete (map, "key") instead of map["key" = nil, false.

Error has its own bag.

Error moved from OS to errors. Again, error is now a built-in type, so you can use it without importing anything.

before	now
os.Error	error
os.NewError(text string) os.Error	errors.New(text string) error
err.String() string	err.Error() string

The reconstructed library

The following table lists the import paths for the old and new packages. (All these can be fixed automatically with Go fix.) ）

Overridden libraries

Package	Change
strconv	Obvious refactoring
template	Replace with a new API text/template
time	Completely redesigned
url	Moved to net/url and made a number of changes, most notably url.URL in the URL.Raw removed, and should be used URL.String() as a substitute for

The new library

Package	Description
database/sql	Standard interface for manipulating relational databases (already existing drivers are SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.)
html/template	text/templateOne of the Xss-safe packages

This does not cover all of the language and package changes in Go 1. See the Go 1 release notes (still in progress) and weekly snapshot history for more information.