UBUNTU one-sentence skills-getting started with Linux (for beginners)

One-sentence UBUNTU tips-getting started with Linux (for beginners)-General Linux technology-Linux technology and application information. For details, refer to the following section. View the installation content of software xxx
Dpkg-L xxx


Search software
Apt-cache search Regular Expression


Find the package of the file
Dpkg-S filename apt-file search filename


Queries which packages the software xxx depends on
Apt-cache depends xxx


Queries which packages depend on the software xxx
Apt-cache rdepends xxx


Add a CD Source
Sudo apt-cdrom add

System Upgrade
Sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


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Automatic Processing of H files is missing during compilation
Sudo auto-apt run./configure


View the temporary directory for storing downloaded packages during software installation
Ls/var/cache/apt/archives

Back up the list of all packages installed in the current system
Dpkg -- get-selections | grep-v deinstall> ~ /Somefile

Restore all packages from the list file of the installation package backed up above

Dpkg -- set-selections <~ /Somefilesudo dselect



Clear old software caches
Sudo apt-get autoclean

Clear all software caches

Sudo apt-get clean



Delete isolated software that is no longer used by the System

Sudo apt-get autoremove

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View the kernel
Uname-

View ubuntu version
Cat/etc/issue

View the modules loaded by the kernel
Lsmod

View PCI devices
Lspci

View Nic status
Sudo ethtool eth0

View USB devices
Lausb

View cpu Information
Vat/proc/cpuinfo

View Current hardware information
Lshw

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View Hard Disk Partitions
Sudo fdisk-l

View IDE Hard Disk Information
Sudo hdparm-I/dev/hda

View sata hard disk Information
Sudo hdparm-I/dev/sda
Or sudo apt-get install blktool sudo blktool dev/sda id

Viewing hard disks is better than space
Df-hdf-H

View space occupied by Directories
Du-hs directory name

The USB flash drive cannot be detached.
Syncfuser-km/media/usbdisk

View Current memory usage
Free-l

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View Current Process
Ps-

Kill a process
Kill process number (that is, the first column of the number in ps-A or the killall process name)

Force a process to be killed (when the above method fails)
Kill-9 process no. Or killall-9 process name

View the real-time status of the current process
Top

View files opened by a process
Lsof-p

Configure ADSL
Sudo pppoeconf

ADSL Manual dialing
Sudo pon dsl-provider

Activate ADSL
Sudo/etc/ppp/pppoe_on_boot

Disconnect ADSL
Sudo poff

View dialing logs
Sudo plog

View Nic addresses by IP Address
Atping IP Address

View current IP Address
Sudo ifconfig eth0 | awk '/inet addr/{split ($2, x, ":"); print x [2]}'

View the IP address of the current Internet
W3m-no-cookie-dump ip.loveroot.com | grep-o '[0-9] \ {1, 3 \}\. [0-9] \ {1, 3 \}\. [0-9] \ {1, 3 \}\. [0-9] \ {1, 3 \}'

View the program listening to port 80
Lsof-I: 80

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View the physical address of the current Nic
Sudo arp-a | awk '{print $4 }'
Sudo ifconfig eth0 | head-1 | awk '{print $5 }'

Enable the network to support nat now
Sudo echo 1>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Sudo iptables-t nat-I POSTROUTING-j MASQUERADE

View route information
Netstat-rn
Sudo route-n

Manually add or delete a route entry
Sudo route add-net 192.168.0.0
Netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.0.1
Sudo route del-net 192.168.0.0
Netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.0.1

How to modify the MAC address of a NIC
Sudo ifconfig eth0 down # disable the NIC
Sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00: AA: BB: CC: DD: EE # change the address
Sudo ifconfig eth0 up # Start the NIC

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Add a service
Sudo update-rc.d service name defaults 99

Delete a service
Sudo update-rc.d service name remove

Temporarily restart a service
/Etc/init. d/service name restart

Temporarily close a service
/Etc/init. d/service name stop

Configure which Java is used by default
Sudo update-alternatives -- config java

Modify user information
Sudo chfn userid

Set proxy for apt
Export
Http_proxy = http://xx.xx.xx.xx: xxx

Modify system logon information
Sudo vim/etc/motd

Convert the file name from GBK to UTF8
Sudo apt-get install convmv
Convmv-r-f cp936-t utf8 -- notest -- nosmart *

Quickly search for a file
Whereis filename
Find directory-name file name

View File Types
File filename

Display the last six lines of xxx File
Tail-n 6 xxx

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