Understanding of Web standards

All walks of life have their own corresponding standards and norms, such as the "Standard Bank card", you do not have to worry about the different banks of the card size, all the ATM card is the same.

So it can be seen that standards for social communication, collaboration and efficiency have very important significance.

1. What is a Web standard?

In order to achieve the transition of large amounts of HTML information to the XML standard, a series of technical specifications developed by the consortium and ECMA.

Currently mainly includes:

Structured standard language: XHTML and HTML

Performance Standard language: CSS

Standard language of conduct: dom,ecmascript, etc.

Web standards are not just a specification, but a series of generic rules .

2. What are the advantages of Web standards?

code Efficiency: Use the most streamlined code in the HTML file, and include the style and page layout information in the CSS file. The smaller the file placed on the server, the less time it takes to download the file.

Easy maintenance: page style and layout information is saved in a separate CSS file, and if you want to change the look of your site, you only need to make changes in a separate CSS file. The entire site unified CSS can bring great convenience.

Accessibility: Those who have impaired eyesight in the Internet users can read the contents of the webpage to them by using the keyboard command on the screen reader. Web page files written in semantic HTML (structured and expressive HTML) make it easier for such users to navigate, and important information in Web files is more likely to be found by these users.

device compatibility: plain HTML, no additional style information, can be reformatted for devices with different characteristics (such as screen size, etc.), only one set of additional stylesheets is required. At the same time, CSS itself allows you to specify different style sheets for different presentation and media types (such as reading pages on screen, printing Web pages, reading pages on mobile devices, etc.).

Web crawler/Search engine: search engines use "crawlers" to parse your Web pages. Semantic HTML can be parsed more accurately and quickly to know what is important, so your page's ranking in search results will be greatly affected.

3. Availability and accessibility

As much as possible to meet all user's valid access under all conditions.

All users : Healthy users, visual impairment, blind, sports disability, etc.

All conditions : Common such as PC-side and mobile-side, or use tracking balls and other uncommon computer-controlled devices of the user.

Usability : is the Web product easy to use, whether it can effectively meet user needs, efficiency, and the user's subjective feeling in the process is good, from the user's point of view the quality of the product. Good usability means high product quality, is the core competitiveness of enterprises.

Accessibility: Web content is readable and understandable for users with disabilities, with the following two main points:

1. Regardless of whether the user is disabled, the Web content must be accessed through a variety of electronic devices. So the first thing to consider is a variety of electronic devices: Desktop browser, voice browser, mobile phone, car pc and so on.

2. It is also necessary to consider the environmental limitations of user access to Web content. For example: Noisy environment, dark or too bright room, or hands-free and other situations. (This is a higher requirement!) )

achieve usability and accessibility overall principles : progressive enhancement and smooth degradation, taking into account that the JAVASCRIPT/CSS does not support or support bad electronic device browsing situation. From a progressive point of view, encouraging the use of advanced features, but also to achieve smooth degradation, so that low-end electronic device software, but also to retain the experience of the lowest.

For example: 1. It is also displayed in a document format without a style CCS or picture, and is easy to read.

2. The range of devices can be very good, such as the navigation menu construction as a list, it is easy for those who use screen readers, but also can not see the list of people know this is a list, and can tell the number of lists.

3. The text can be used as a generic alternative to the content of the page, such as the ALT attribute contains a short description of the picture, so that the user (or search engine) is not able to see it accurately, and the title property is responsible for the detailed textual description of the linked address.

4. Users should be able to interact with a website without a mouse, and can navigate through a screen reader.

5. Consider the compatibility of different devices with different versions of JAVASCRIPT/CSS, so that browsers on different devices can use the site together and keep it as consistent as possible.

Understanding of Web standards