Unzip the package in linuxtar to a specified folder

When writing shell scripts, you often need to decompress them to the specified folder. the tar command is the most common reference. pay attention to the usage of-C. Run the tar command to decompress the file to the specified directory: tar-zxvf/home/zjx/aa.tar.gz-C/home/zjx/pftar [-cxtzjvfpPN...

 

When writing shell scripts, you often need to decompress them to the specified folder. the tar command is the most commonly used

 

For more information, see-C usage.

 

Tar command

 

 

Decompress the file to the specified directory: tar-zxvf/home/zjx/aa.tar.gz-C/home/zjx/pf

 

Tar [-cxtzjvfpPN] file and directory ....

Parameters:

-C: create a parameter command for the compressed file );

-X: Unlock the parameter command of a compressed file!

-T: view the files in the tarfile!

Note that c/x/t can only exist under the parameter! Cannot exist at the same time!

Because it is impossible to simultaneously compress and decompress.

-Z: does it have the gzip attribute at the same time? That is, do I need to use gzip for compression?

-J: does it have bzip2 attributes at the same time? That is, do I need to use bzip2 for compression?

-V: The file is displayed during compression! This is common, but it is not recommended to use it in the background execution process!

-F: use the file name. please note that the file name should be followed immediately after f! Do not add parameters!

For example, using "tar-zcvfP tfile sfile" is an incorrect method.

"Tar-zcvPf tfile sfile" is correct!

-P: use the original attributes of the original file (the attributes will not be changed based on the user)

-P: absolute paths can be used for compression!

-N: a new date (yyyy/mm/dd) will be packed into the new file!

-- Exclude FILE: Do not pack the FILE during compression!

Example:

Example 1: package all the files in the/etc directory into/tmp/etc.tar

[Root @ linux ~] # Tar-cvf/tmp/etc.tar/etc <= package only, do not compress!

[Root @ linux ~] # Tar-zcvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz/etc <= compressed with gzip

[Root @ linux ~] # Tar-jcvf/tmp/etc.tar.bz2/etc <= compressed with bzip2

# Note that when the file name behind parameter f is retrieved, we use .tar for identification.

# If z compression is added, .tar.gz or. tgz is used to represent the tar file ~ compressed by gzip ~

# If you add a j file, use .tar.bz2 as the file name ~

# A warning message is displayed when the preceding command is executed:

# "Tar: Removing leading '/' from member names" is a special setting for absolute paths.

 

Example 2: Check the files in the above/tmp/etc.tar.gz file?

[Root @ linux ~] # Tar-ztvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz

# When we use gzip to compress the files in the tar file,

# Add the z parameter! This is important!

 

Example 3: decompress the/tmp/etc.tar.gz file under/usr/local/src.

[Root @ linux ~] # Cd/usr/local/src

[Root @ linux src] # tar-zxvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz

# By default, we can uncompress files anywhere! In this example,

# First, I will transform the working directory to the/usr/local/src directory, and unlock/tmp/etc.tar.gz,

# The unlocked directory will be in/usr/local/src/etc! In addition, if you enter/usr/local/src/etc

# The File attributes in this directory may be different from those in/etc!

 

Example 4: Under/tmp, I only want to unbind the etc/passwd in/tmp/etc.tar.gz.

[Root @ linux ~] # Cd/tmp

[Root @ linux tmp] # tar-zxvf/tmp/etc.tar.gz etc/passwd

# I can use tar-ztvf to check the file name in the tarfile. if you only need one file,

# You can issue it in this way! Notice! The root directory in etc.tar.gz/is removed!

 

Example 5: Back up all the files in/etc/and save their permissions!

[Root @ linux ~] # Tar-zxvpf/tmp/etc.tar.gz/etc

# This-p attribute is very important, especially when you want to keep the attributes of the original file!

 

Example 6: only new files in/home are backed up.

[Root @ linux ~] # Tar-N '2014/1/01'-zcvf home.tar.gz/home

 

Example 7: I want to back up/home,/etc, but not/home/dmtsai

[Root @ linux ~] # Tar -- exclude/home/dmtsai-zcvf myfile.tar.gz/home/*/etc

 

Example 8: Package/etc/and unpack it under/tmp without generating a file!

[Root @ linux ~] # Cd/tmp

[Root @ linux tmp] # tar-cvf-/etc | tar-xvf-

# This action is a bit like cp-r/etc/tmp ~ It is still useful!

# Note that the output file is changed to-and the input file is changed to-, and there is another file | yes ~

# This represents standard output, standard input, and pipeline commands respectively!

# In Bash shell, we will mention this command again to explain it ??? /P>

 

 

Gzip and zcat commands

[Root @ linux ~] # Gzip [-cdt #] file name

[Root @ linux ~] # Zcat file name .gz

Parameters:

-C: outputs compressed data to the screen and can be processed through data stream redirection;

-D: extract parameters;

-T: It can be used to check the consistency of a compressed file ~ Check whether the file has any errors;

-#: Compression level.-1 is the fastest, but the compression ratio is the worst.-9 is the slowest, but the compression ratio is the best! Default value:-6 ~

Example:

Example 1: Set/etc/man. config? To/tmp and compressed with gzip

[Root @ linux ~] # Cd/tmp

[Root @ linux tmp] # cp/etc/man. config.

[Root @ linux tmp] # gzip man. config

# At this time, man. config will become man.config.gz!

 

Example 2: read the content of Example 1!

[Root @ linux tmp] # zcat man.config.gz

# The man.config.gz extracted file content will be displayed on the ghost screen !!

 

Example 3: decompress the file in Example 1

[Root @ linux tmp] # gzip-d man.config.gz

 

Example 4: compress man. config unlocked in example 3 with the optimal compression ratio and keep the original file

[Root @ linux tmp] # gzip-9-c man. config> man.config.gz

 

Bzip2, bzcat command

[Root @ linux ~] # Bzip2 [-cdz] file name

[Root @ linux ~] # Bzcat file name .bz2

Parameters:

-C: output the data generated during the compression process to the screen!

-D: extracted parameters

-Z: compression parameters

-#: Same as gzip, it is used to calculate the compression ratio.-9 is the best, and-1 is the fastest!

Example:

Example 1: compress/tmp/man. config with bzip2

[Root @ linux tmp] # bzip2-z man. config

# At this time, man. config will become man.config.bz2!

 

Example 2: read the content of Example 1!

[Root @ linux tmp] # bzcat man.config.bz2

# The man.config.bz2 extracted file content will be displayed on the ghost screen !!

 

Example 3: decompress the file in Example 1

[Root @ linux tmp] # bzip2-d man.config.bz2

 

Example 4: compress man. config unlocked in example 3 with the optimal compression ratio and keep the original file

[Root @ linux tmp] # bzip2-9-c man. config> man.config.bz2

 

Compress command

[Root @ linux ~] # Compress [-dcr] file or directory

Parameters:

-D: extract parameters.

-R: it can be compressed together with files in the directory!

-C: output compressed data to standard output (output to the screen)

Example:

Example 1: Set/etc/man. config? To/tmp and compress it

[Root @ linux ~] # Cd/tmp

[Root @ linux tmp] # cp/etc/man. config.

[Root @ linux tmp] # compress man. config

[Root @ linux tmp] # ls-l

-Rw-r -- 1 root 2605 Jul 27 :43 man. config. Z

 

Example 2: Unlock the compressed file

[Root @ linux tmp] # compress-d man. config. Z

 

Example 3: compress man. config into another file for backup

[Root @ linux tmp] # compress-c man. config> man. config. back. Z

[Root @ linux tmp] # ll man. config *

-Rw-r -- 1 root 4506 Jul 27 :43 man. config

-Rw-r -- 1 root 2605 Jul 27 :46 man. config. back. Z

# This-c parameter is interesting! He will output the data from the compression process to the screen, instead of writing the data

# File. Z file. Therefore, we can output data to another file name through data stream redirection.

# Concerning data stream redirection, we will discuss it in detail in bash shell!

 

Dd command

[Root @ linux ~] # Dd if = "input_file" of = "outptu_file" bs = "block_size "\

Count = "number"

Parameters:

If: input file ??? Department tip Yun kiss Dad mian fu? /P>

Of: output file ~ It can also be a device;

Bs: the size of a planned block. If no value is set, the default value is 512 bytes.

Count: The number of bs.

Example:

 

Example 1: back up/etc/passwd to/tmp/passwd. back

[Root @ linux ~] # Dd if =/etc/passwd of =/tmp/passwd. back

3 + 1 records in

3 + 1 records out

[Root @ linux ~] # Ll/etc/passwd/tmp/passwd. back

-Rw-r -- 1 root 1746 Aug 25 14:16/etc/passwd

-Rw-r -- 1 root 1746 Aug 29 16:57/tmp/passwd. back

# Take a closer look. The size of my/etc/passwd file is 1746 bytes, because I have not set bs,

# Therefore, the default value is 512 bytes. Therefore, the above 3 + 1 indicates three complete

#512 bytes, and another block under 512 bytes!

# In fact, it seems like the cp command ~

 

Example 2: Backup/dev/hda MBR

[Root @ linux ~] # Dd if =/dev/hda of =/tmp/mbr. back bs = 512 count = 1

1 + 0 records in

1 + 0 records out

# What should I do? How can this problem be solved ??? Yi invasion? Le? Pang Caiyu? BR is 512 bytes,

# It is the first sector on the hard disk. Therefore, I can use this method

# Record all the data in the MBR. it's really amazing! Pai_^

 

Example 3: Back up the entire/dev/hda1 partition.

[Root @ linux ~] # Dd if =/dev/hda1 of =/some/path/filenaem

# This command is amazing! Back up all the content of the entire partition ~

# The following of must not be in the/dev/hda1 directory ~ Otherwise, you cannot finish reading ~

# This action is very useful. if you need to complete the content of the entire partition in the next day,

# You can use dd if =/some/file of =/dev/hda1 to write data to the hard disk.

# If you want to back up the entire hard disk, it is similar to Norton's ghost software,

# From disk to disk, hey ~ You can use dd ~ Amazing!

 

Cpio command

[Root @ linux ~] # Cpio-covB> [file | device] <= backup

[Root @ linux ~] # Cpio-icduv <[file | device] <= restore

Parameters:

-O: copy the data to a file or device.

-I: copy the data from a file or device to the system.

-T: view the files or device content created by cpio

-C: a new portable format storage method

-V: enables the file name to be displayed on the screen during storage.

-B: increase the preset Blocks size to 5120 bytes. the default value is 512 bytes!

This improves the storage speed of large files (refer to the I-nodes concept)

-D: automatically create a directory! The contents of cpio may not be in the same directory,

In this case, there will be problems in the anti-backup process! If-d is added at this time,

You can automatically create the required directory!

-U: automatically overwrites older files!

Example:

Example 1: Write all information on the system to the tape drive!

[Root @ linux ~] # Find/-print | cpio-covB>/dev/st0

# Generally, the serial number of the tape drive using the SCSI interface is/dev/st0!

 

Example 2: Check what files exist on the tape drive?

[Root @ linux ~] # Cpio-icdeep </dev/st0

[Root @ linux ~] # Cpio-icvt </dev/st0>/tmp/content

# In the first action, the files in the drive will be listed on the screen, and we can use the second action,

# Record all file names to the/tmp/content file!

 

Example 3: restore the information on the tape ~

[Root @ linux ~] # Cpio-icduv </dev/st0

# Generally, the serial number of the tape drive using the SCSI interface is/dev/st0!

 

Example 4: Back up all the "files" under/etc to/root/etc. cpio!

[Root @ linux ~] # Find/etc-type f | cpio-o>/root/etc. cpio

# In this way, you can back up ???? ? Persimmon string? Pio-I </root/etc. cpio

# Capture the information !!!!

 

From the column hakunamatata2008