Beijing's early rise into a vicious circle: the right to school choice with money to school

How many students can be taken in a middle school in Beijing?　　When the 21st Century Institute of Education researchers to the survey data compiled, the final figure let everyone was surprised: Beijing each county "small rise and start" channels up to more than 10 kinds, 2010 Beijing city, 8 urban areas "small rise and start" of the way up to 15 kinds of admission. Chaos！ Complex！ Surprised！ "Is the University of Nagoya in Japan to read doctoral students Liu Jing participation in the" Beijing "small rise in the beginning of the school school heat Treatment: Where is the road?　　"The feeling after studying the topic. This special study of the Beijing "small Rise" of the project was chaired by the 21st Century Institute of Education, a number of primary and secondary schools, teachers, students, parents, education executive leadership, media reporters are also involved. Through in-depth interviews, research, theoretical research, and online offline questionnaires, the final form of a complete report.　　Today, the Institute publishes its findings.　　All who see this result have a common feeling: shocking. Beijing "Xiao Sheng early" increasingly deviated from the "Compulsory Education Law" Liu Jing is a Beijing person, after graduating from college to study in Japan. From his master's degree, he began to focus on basic education in China.　　At the beginning of this year, the Institute of Education in 21st century to carry out a "small rise early" special research, he volunteered to participate, and deliberately returned for a few months.　　In the final form of the research report, Liu Jing is responsible for the first part: Beijing "small Rise and start" policy evolution. Liu Jing found the Beijing Department of Education from the 1993 after almost all of the "small up early" document, notice.　　He found that from 1993 Beijing first proposed to improve primary school graduates into junior high school methods, the abolition of county-level unified organization of the primary school graduation examination, "small rise at the beginning" of the various policies and specific implementation of the situation in the increasingly deviated from the compulsory education law, the exemption of the principle of admission to the nearest to the Liu Jing The policy evolution of Beijing "Xiao Sheng Chu" into 4 stages: first, from 1993-1997 years, the biggest feature of this phase is to abolish the unified Primary school graduation examination, emphasizing the decoupling of various contest results and further studies, and finally achieving the goal of admission to the nearest school.　　At the same time, the opening of the school choice, but strictly control the proportion of school choice. The second stage is from 1998-2002 years. In the 1998 Beijing "small Rise and start" policy first appeared "compulsory education stage public schools shall not recruit Song" provisions. But at this time, private schools and private subsidized school enrollment mode began to challenge the principle of admission to the nearest. Appeared the public middle school Recruit "Song", High charge "school choice fee", private schools and public schools (especially some so-called elite) cooperative enrollment and other phenomena. This is to meet the selective demand of the public to some extent, while greatly releasing and stimulating the parents ' school choice demand.　　The massive competition for school choice is starting to intensify. In the past 2003-2007 years, the policy changes of Beijing's "small rise and start" have entered the spiral cycle. In the 2003, Beijing's policy of "small rise and beginning" was first put forward to adhere to the balanced development of compulsory education in the direction ofSteps to narrow regional and inter-school disparities. In the following years, "small rise and start" gradually formed, including the close to the entry of the film, home to the hukou, enter boarding school (class), the characteristics of experimental School (class) admission, into the school system reform pilot schools and private schools, specialty students, special education, schools, institutions and children school There are more than 10 ways to build a school for students and the children of floating population.　　Among them, the proportion of the specialty of the year increased.　　Since 2008, since the Ministry of Education in Beijing to formulate a "small rise" policy of decentralization to the districts and counties, unfair to further extend. Beijing Education Commission issued a "small rise at the beginning" policy, only the nearest entrance and the two basic methods of students, but the various urban areas introduced a variety of ways to enter.　　The recessive and disguised examination has already overwhelmed the entrance exam, including the students, the police students, the school-building, including the way to choose the right, the choice of the money, with gifted school, peremptory become Beijing "small rise and start" of the formal system. "I was the 1994 ' small Rise", just in time for the reform of the school system, in addition to walk and students, basically everyone was sent to the counterpart of secondary schools. Compared with the present school choice method, it is quite a comparison. Now the pressure of primary and secondary school students is more than I do not know how many times. "In the whole study, Liu Jing has always been worried:" The problem of school choice is too complex, involving all aspects of society, not only including education itself, but also with power, money, relations, interests and other issues related to social justice is also a great challenge, urgent to resolve. "Occupy The Pit Class" is "the number one natural enemy" spends up to 100,000 yuan in a variety of "small rise at the beginning" channel, the most important is "Occupy Pit class", "Point recruit", push excellent, specialty, computer allocation, build up, "the Sliver Lives".　　In the survey, more than 90% of the parents interviewed said that "occupy the Pit Class" is the Beijing "small rise at the beginning of" the "Number one natural enemy."　　The so-called "Occupy The Pit Class", refers to the public schools to run or with the social organization, facing the primary students of the discipline training institutions, from which the selection of outstanding student to the junior high school. The "pit class" originated in 1998. After the implementation of the "computer allocation", some parents do not want their children to enter the weak school, and the elite schools to compete for outstanding students are not willing to receive computer allocation, so the "Austrian number" of the main training schools began to select students for the elite.　　At present, almost every elite school has its own counterpart training schools, only to enter the school, only to be able to be "point of entry" into the prestigious schools. Many of Beijing's primary school students from the third grade after the examination into the training school, and then constantly test, screening, ranking, only in the six grade when the top part of the student can enter the elite.　　In order not to be eliminated, pupils often need to attend multiple training courses. "Occupy The Pit Class" has formed the huge market, but "the product quality" good and bad, many parents cost dearly, sacrificed a lot of time but failed to "buy" the admission notice to the famous university. These "pit classes" are divided into "gold pits", "Yinkeng", "earthen pits" and "latrines" by their parents.Different types.　　"Occupy The Pit Class" The curriculum also far exceeds the outline, the Olympiad number is all "occupies the pit class" the teaching focal point, moreover is the English. "Occupy The Pit class" the expense is high. The survey results show that more than 90% of the "Occupy pit class" costs more than 8000 yuan a year, most of the students will choose to 2~3 a "pit."　　And the cost of "occupy the Pit" is only a small part of the cost of "the early Rise". In order to ensure the smooth promotion in the "Occupy Pit class", these students also have to Gorth, learn and think, giants and other private training institutions courses.　　From a third-grade primary school students into the pit class, to the six grade face "small rise and start", some parents 4 years of actual spending can reach 100,000 yuan or even a hundred thousand of Yuan. In the "small rise" several major channels for further studies, the promotion is also called the recommendation of the allocation, is recognized by the counties of the important way of entry.　　The aim of this policy is to provide students with excellent academic excellence with access to quality secondary schools. In recent years, the proportion of the Beijing districts and counties to enlarge the push, such as the proportion of the push of Dongcheng district from 2010 to 15% rose to 2011 years of 20%, Xicheng District 30%, Haidian District 13%. Has the headmaster to reflect, because pushes the excellent operability to be too strong, has encouraged the teacher to give gifts, in the student votes and so on unhealthy tendencies, has distorted the teacher and the parents relations.　　According to the insider said, Dongcheng, Xicheng, Haidian district of the push, about 30% is "occupy pit" point recruit, such as the form of the early occupy.　　The special students are Beijing "small rises early" the city/District two level Education Department stipulates the most "justifiably" the school choice channel, this policy has set off the parents for the child further studies and "creates" the specialty the Vogue. In order to obtain the certificate required for specialty studies, many students start training at the age of three or four and continue to participate in various competitions. In Xicheng District, a famous school for example, this school only recruit 20 students, but the number of participants enrolled in the test as high as hundreds of people, very low rate of acceptance of the student's self-confidence and the interest in art, sports itself. Parents pay a lot of time and lots of money.　　In the art of testing, many parents to the children to find a professional teacher alone counseling, a piano lesson, vocal music lessons less than five hundred or six hundred yuan, more than thousands of yuan. Beijing special social structure to create "build" and "build" is the Beijing characteristics of the "small rise and start" policy, State organs, large enterprises and institutions and schools through the "cooperation", to meet the department's children to enjoy "quality education resources" needs.　　In practice, the joint-construction units sometimes use public resources to provide additional support to the elite schools, some employees pay their own fees, to "build" unified to the school. Because the secrecy of "build up" is very strong, the information is completely opaque.　　For example, Haidian District, Xicheng District, Dongcheng District and Chaoyang District in the "small rise at the beginning" of the provisions are clear "to build a life" policy, but the proportion of enrollment has never been published. According to the researchers interviewed and surveyed, Beijing Xicheng District, the case, the school 2011 Years a total of 10 classes, 40 people a total of 400 people, including the recruitment of 70 people, accounting for the proportion of students enrolled in 17%. This year's middle schoolA total of more than 400 primary school students to participate in the test, part of the test through the examination. There is also a kind of "sliver student" in Beijing "Xiao Sheng", which means that some parents get their children access to a prestigious school through special social relations.　　The "Sliver student" is the most unfair way of admission in the process of "small rise and start", which violates the educational fairness. Most of the "COP students" are directly arranged by the city and district leaders, and each district will set aside a number of "key schools" for "sliver students" every year.　　According to the investigation of some middle school principals and parents, the "sliver students" of the famous schools generally accounted for the 8%~10% of the enrollment. In the school season, the headmaster can always receive a lot of cops and difficult to dispose of. It is revealed that a famous university will set up a provisional institution every year, called "the Police office." In general, the annual spring Festival before and after the start of the "Cop students" work, schools will adopt a variety of flexible means to recruit these special students.　　If the students themselves are qualified for the test, then they can occupy the quota, and if the students do not have these qualifications, they will occupy the joint establishment. The reason why there will be "build", "sliver of health" such as the Beijing characteristics of the channel of further studies, according to the research report, Beijing has a more special social structure than other cities, and the dominant social stratum, such as civil servants, entrepreneurs, senior professionals and new rich people, has a strong motive for acquiring quality education resources, and tends to use privileges,　　Rent-seeking and other unconventional ways to enjoy quality education opportunities, there has been a "build up" such a formal system of choosing the right to choose, is not in the field. BEIJING, August 28 (Xinhua)