China's rich-poor gap is approaching social tolerance red line

In recent years, China's regional, urban and rural areas, industries, groups in the income gap has increased, the distribution pattern imbalance led to some of the social wealth to the minority concentration, income gap has exceeded the Gini coefficient of the warning "Red Line", which brings many problems are increasingly becoming the focus of attention of the community.　　Experts believe that the current income distribution has gone to an urgent need to adjust the "crossroads", narrowing the gap between the rich and poor, to solve the problem of distributive injustice is very urgent, it must be like guarding 1.8 billion acres of arable land "red line" as the "red Line" of the gap between the rich and poor. The distribution gap presents the "poverty reduction and enrichment" from the Gini coefficient, the gap between rich and poor in China is approaching the "red line" of social tolerance. Xiuze, a professor of macro-economic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, introduced the current Gini coefficient in China, which is widely accepted by the World Bank as 0.47. "The Gini coefficient of our country has been rising year by century after crossing 0.4 of international recognized cordon 10 years ago, and the gap between rich and poor has broken through reasonable boundaries." "The director of the Labor and Wage Institute of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, chairman of the Remuneration Professional Committee of the China Institute of Labor," Suhainan that the current income gap in China is showing a wide range of multi-level expansion trend.　　At present, the income ratio of urban and rural residents is 3.3 times times, which is about twice times the highest in the world. The wage gap between the industry and workers is also very obvious, the highest and the lowest difference of about 15 times times; the income gap between different groups is also rapidly widening, the income gap between senior executives and front-line workers is about 18 times times, state-owned enterprise executives and social average wage difference 128 times times. Li, director of income distribution and Poverty Research center of Beijing Normal University, has participated in 4 large resident income surveys since the 80 's.　　He said the income gap between the top 10% people and the 10% people with the lowest income had risen from 7.3 times times in 1988 to 23 times times 2007. "Do much, earn less" is the reporter in the interview many working-class common feelings. Tang Jun, Secretary general of the Social Policy Research center of Cass, said: From the statistics, the income of the poor and the rich has been increasing in recent years, but given their differences in consumer spending, the large number of poor families spending on the most expensive food and other necessities of life, the distribution gap is showing a dangerous ' poor down to Rise ' Two big trends. "Real estate, minerals, securities become profiteering industry experts that in recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, land, resources, capital----these 3 factors of production has played a huge wealth adjustment forces."　　Real estate, minerals, securities, etc. become "the most lucrative" profiteering industry, a small number of people to take this overnight to the top of social wealth. According to 2009 Forbes China Wealth List, the top 400 billionaires, real estate business accounted for 154, among the top 40 super-rich, real estate business accounted for 19, among the top 10 super-rich, the real estate business accounted for 5.　　The real estate industry has become the main focus of China's wealth. Tang Jun, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, argues that the basic element of the real estate industry is land, and selling houses actuallyis selling land. And for land, according to the current land use management policy, the government and the real estate business is both "monopoly buyer", but also "monopoly seller", on the one hand from the farmers in Low-cost land expropriation, on the other hand to the masses at high prices for sale. The real estate industry's differential profits, in addition to local government revenue, have been taken away by a small number of real estate developers.　　With house prices soaring, "people without houses" has been far from the door to wealth formation, Tang Jun said. Non-renewable Mineral resources are also occupied by a few people, use and rapid wealth.　　In the country's coal-producing counties of Shanxi Zuoyun, the reporter learned that in recent years, there were hundreds of millions of "coal bosses", but local farmers per capita net income of only 4359 yuan, compared to the national average level is also lower than 400 yuan. The unequal distribution of resources has exacerbated the inequitable distribution of social wealth. "The National Development and Reform Commission Macroeconomic Research Institute Professor Xiuze said, this and our country Mineral Resources property right system flaw has the very big relation, outstanding performance in the Resource price cost composition is not complete, the resource tax is low, the mining cost is low, does not undertake the environmental restoration responsibility."　　This is "coal boss" extraordinary wealth of the "secret" is also the allocation of means to adjust the failure of the gap between the rich and the "crux." Many experts also believe that in recent years, the "fiery" performance of capital markets, especially the prevalence of speculative investment, has further strengthened the cumulative effect of capital wealth, widening the gap between capital gains and labor gains and industrial returns, resulting in a "richer and richer, less money" situation.　　Moreover, the capital and land, the resources of the three pull each other, exacerbated the gap between rich and poor. There is a strange phenomenon of "buttocks deciding Fanny pack", Professor Wei of Tsinghua University, Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Social Sciences deputy Dean Quartz and other people said, for a long time, China's income distribution field has been "buttocks decided to waist bag" strange phenomenon, the income level depends not on intelligence and hard work, but by "Rob Identity" and "Rob industry."　　If you can "Rob" to the power, telecommunications, oil, finance, tobacco and other monopoly industries, or "Rob" to the civil service and public institutions identity, it is tantamount to "Rob" to the high income, high welfare, high class. In the interview, many people expressed extreme dissatisfaction with the "power distribution" represented by Monopoly and "identity".　　They believe that the state must weaken the role of power in the distribution pattern, rationally adjust the income gap between the various industries and groups in order to reduce the social contradictions "ignition point" and achieve harmony and stability. According to the Ministry of Human Resources and social security statistics, the current electric power, telecommunications, finance, insurance, tobacco and other industries workers in the average wage is twice times to 3 times times, if combined with wage income and staff benefits of the difference, the actual gap may be greater.　　By the end of 2008, the level of civil service pension is 2.1 times times that of enterprises, and the average monthly pension is 1.8 times times. Experts believe that this "power distribution", which relies on policy protection and resource monopoly, runs counter to the principle of socialist distribution according to work, seriously infringes the individual's right to development and distorts the pattern of income distribution. It is caused by different industries and groupsDisparity in income at the same time, but also in the hearts of people to draw a deep gap. In recent years, university graduates scramble for "Shong", even the phenomenon that thousand people compete for a civil servant post. At the same time, the monopoly industry's high wages are also repeatedly questioned.　　Experts believe that the State should adopt a number of ways to reduce the "power to determine income" negative impact, to calm the social imbalance mentality. Income distribution a variety of white black gray blood gold "five colors dazzling" "grey income" and "black revenue" caused a large number of people "hidden income" exists, making the social wealth is not clear. Wang, deputy director of the China Reform Foundation's National Economic Research Institute, published a study in 2007, which calculated that there were at least 4 trillion yuan of irregular "recessive income" at that time each year.　　Other experts believe that at present, China's wage income accounted for only 1/3 of the total income, the state can monitor only "white income", which means that a large number of income from the income tax adjustment range, free from supervision. Because of the complexity of income distribution channels and the lack of basic national income record system, the income channels of Chinese residents also show a variety of status.　　Recently, the reporter in the country 15 provinces and cities interviewed a large number of experts and scholars and grassroots cadres, we are more agree to use white, black, gray, blood, gold 5 "color income" to summarize the current income of various kinds. 5 Kinds of "color income" are relatively independent, but also have a place to cross. Specifically, "white income" refers to the normal wages, welfare and other income; "Black income" means illegal income obtained by illegal means such as bribery, theft, robbery and drug trafficking; "Gray income" refers to the income between legal and illegal, in our country is currently very common; "blood revenue" refers to those who break through the bottom line of human civilization,　　At the expense of other people's lives and blood squeeze of income, such as black brick kiln, black coal, etc., "golden income" refers to the use of gold, stocks, futures and other capital earned income.　　Experts believe that these 5 kinds of "color income" not only based on the legitimacy of income, but also reference to social moral standards, the basic summary of the current distribution of income in China, the main channels and ways, is an easy to be accepted, the visual description of the current income expression. White income refers to the current income distribution in the field of available income, the origin of innocence, visible, controllable and predictable. Suhainan, director of the Labor and Wages Institute of Human Resources and social security, said that "white income" is the main channel of China's income distribution system, so we must continuously improve the proportion of the labor remuneration in the primary distribution, establish the normal growth mechanism and payment guarantee mechanism, improve the social security system and increase the transfer income　　, let "white" become the main color of income, demonstrate fairness and justice, promote social stability and harmony. Black income includes not only the illegal income that some people rely on to gain from power, but also the income from illegal activities such as smuggling, drug trafficking, theft, robbery and kidnapping. Experts such as Tang Jun, Secretary general of the Social Policy Research center of Cass, say that "black income" makes a lot of public wealthIn the pockets of the power owner and the offender, it should be resolutely combated. Blood income refers to those who break through the bottom line of human civilization in order to sacrifice the lives of others and use blood to squeeze income.　　"Blood income" should also be severely combated, such as the Shanxi brick kiln incident, the Hulan district, Harbin, such as slavery, these acts trampled on the bottom line of human nature and civilization, affecting the national image, must be resolutely banned. The golden income is a kind of income which is important in recent years along with the economic development, take the capital income as the main form, can also be understood as the property income. In recent years, many people from the stock market, the property market to gain asset appreciation, wealth multiplied. Some experts believe that "golden income" should be encouraged, but also pay attention to the regulation and guidance, so that it embarked on a rational track, reduce speculative.　　At the same time, we should pay attention to the "golden income" through supporting policies such as taxation to prevent the "Matthew effect" from exacerbating the gap between rich and poor. The concept of grey income is most difficult to characterize. At present, the definition of "grey income" is not uniform, and some experts define the hidden income of individuals who are unknown, undocumented, not taxed and free from the declaration.　　Some scholars also think that income "is not white or black", in any case sounding, its essence is the "black income" generated by the transaction between the private and personal interests. At present, "shadow income" has penetrated into the social various trades and professions, return point, he, thank fee, labor fee, lecture fees, remuneration, gifts and so on. Xiuze, a professor at the National Development and Reform Commission's Macroeconomic Research Institute, said: "Grey income" has three main situations first, "is gray", that is, illegal income, the second is called "Gray" is "black" income, such as business rebate, the festival gift, privately-owned, celebration gifts, etc., is a disguised bribery; three is "light grey" income,　　This part should belong to "white income", but there is no clear regulation in the system, although the channel is proper, but lacks the tax regulation. Some high-income residents have a large number of "recessive income" China Economic Reform Research Foundation, deputy director of National Economy Institute, Wang Long-term research "grey income" problem, a few years ago, he surveyed the household income and expenditure of more than 2000 different income groups in dozens of counties across the country, and found that some high-income residents had a large " Recessive income ".　　The survey proved that the income of urban residents is not counted as high as 4.8 trillion yuan, omission mainly occurred in the urban households 10% of the high-income households, accounting for the total missing income of 3/4.　　Some experts believe that another important reason for the current widening gap in income distribution is the corruption caused by inadequate systems, including large amounts of "grey income" and illegal incomes. The survey proved that the income of urban residents is not counted as high as 4.8 trillion yuan, omission mainly occurred in the urban households 10% of the high-income households, accounting for the total missing income of 3/4. At the same time, the frequent corruption cases also exposed individual cadres of the huge encroachment on public wealth. According to the Supreme People's Procuratorate statistics, only 2009, nationwide investigation of corruptionBribery case 18,191: to prosecute suspected crimes in the county level and above the state staff 2670 people, including the Bureau of 204 People, provincial and ministerial level 8 people.　　Sinopec's original chairman Chen bribery of nearly 200 million yuan, set a new China since the establishment of the largest single bribery amount of 160 million yuan record. Experts believe that the impact of corruption on income distribution has three main aspects: one is to disrupt the distribution of order, the initial distribution of market regulation failure, redistribution of the field of "reverse distribution", so that the funds should be used for low-income groups through improper means to transfer to the hands of power-related people, aggravated the distribution of injustice;　　, the system design loses the basic premise, third is the corrupt member in the vested interest group, has the ability, also will become the income distribution reform biggest "the stumbling block". Many interviewees reflect that although corruption does not belong directly to the category of income distribution, it permeates and affects the distribution pattern. Xi ' An animation company general manager Li Bin said, now, whether to engage in real estate, run coal, or want to enter a monopoly enterprise or when civil servants, to take this into the high-income class, often rely on "relationship" and "ticket" to clear the way.　　As long as this corrupt "unspoken rules" exist, income distribution can not be "sunshine." Distribution Faces "Crossroads" "although the social gap between the rich and the poor is now more enduring than in the past, but if not to curb the wealth gap and the increase in the distribution of injustice, the consequences may be disastrous." Yang Yiyong, director of the Institute for Social Development, said that last year our country's per capita G D P has nearly 3700 U.S. dollars, economic development and social restructuring has entered a critical stage.　　The practice of Latin American countries has proved that this phase should especially prevent stagnation of economic growth, widening gap between rich and poor and social unrest. Suhainan that the income distribution system is not perfect is the direct cause of the outstanding income distribution problem. In one distribution, there is no clear and reasonable country, the distribution proportion of enterprises and residents, the labor remuneration is low, there is no normal growth mechanism of labor remuneration; in the two distribution, there is no institutional form to define the level of financial expenditure on social security and transfer payments, and the fairness and rationality of two times distribution.　　Three times distribution scale is small, charitable donation waits for the sound mechanism, the regulation function is limited. The unreasonable allocation makes the trend of "strong capital and weak labor" continuously strengthened. At present, the initial distribution is too "pro-capital", the laborer's remuneration is lower than the overall, and the laborer's salary increase cannot keep pace with the enterprise profit growth.　　Suhainan said that in developed countries, wages generally accounted for about 50% of the operating costs of enterprises, while in China, less than 10%. In the two distribution, due to the existing social security system is not perfect, two distribution areas even appear "reverse adjustment" phenomenon.　　According to the National Federation of Trade Unions, in urban employment, pension, medical insurance coverage rate is only 62% and 60%; Experts believe that to keep the gap between the rich and the poor "red line", we need to start the reform of income distribution system, adhere to the combination of the specimen, comprehensive treatment, multi-pronged, coordinated by the original, we design the system reform plan with the deep reason and the direct reason. (Xinhua research Team)