Discussion on the outlet of urban traffic jam

Wen/"Caijing National weekly" reporter Liuliang Beijing Municipal Committee 10 session of the eight plenary meeting November 29 to 30th. The second of the five tasks highlighted by Liu Qi, the party secretary, is "to strengthen urban management." Grasp the introduction, and grasp the implementation of traffic congestion control plan, so that the measures to control traffic as soon as possible.　　"Financial National weekly 24th 2010 cover article," Save the City ", detailed analysis of the causes of traffic congestion in China's major cities, hazards, and the first to report that Beijing is brewing to introduce new measures to block the news, caused a wide range of social hot debate. What happens to the end of the city? Where is the future of "plugging City"? How to find a solution to the problem of "plugging point" in the city?　　"Financial National weekly" reporter tracking interviews, the parties to the hot debate in the "plugging point" to comb, in order to major cities in the urgent introduction of the "plugging scheme", to provide some rational thinking.　　Perhaps, the country is actively planning the construction of integrated transport system, will be for urban congestion, find more comprehensive solutions. Plugging point a public transport priority and the right to restructure the dispute "China's big cities are in the ' car traffic times ' and must enter the" bus priority era "in the future.　　Geriren, a former deputy director of Beijing Public Security Traffic administration and professor of Chang ' an university, believes that the fundamental way out of "plugging the city" is to develop public transport.　　Xu Yunfei, a researcher at the Institute of Transportation Science in Zhejiang Province, said that the way of public transport such as rapid transit should be adapted to local conditions, and that the roads with less road resources would make other vehicles miserable if they gave them a special road. Most of the motor vehicle drivers interviewed by reporters also said that the road used for other vehicles must be restricted. Subways and buses are crowded for most of the time, and people do not want to choose these modes of transportation.　　If you open up a large number of bus lanes, it will only make travel more difficult.　　The 2010 Beijing Traffic Operation report, prepared by the Beijing Transportation Development Research Center, disclosed that as of 2009, Beijing had established the world's largest road bus system and was continuously optimizing the bus routes. Even so, Beijing still can not meet the passengers to take the bus to travel high quality, efficient service needs.　　Not only ordinary bus lines, driving on a dedicated road on the rapid transit, due to the existence of other vehicles to occupy the road and other problems, also did not give the public travel to bring smooth and efficient. Way out A Road right reorganization "the most important measure to ensure public transport priority is to restructure the ' road rights ' of various vehicles travelling on the city road." Let the bus have preferential access. And on this basis, the overall promotion of public transport services. Geriren said, "to ensure public transport priority of the urban road allocation order is: bus, bicycle, pedestrian, taxi, and finally the car." Bus lanes allow school buses and buses to travel, but other non buses must be strictly restricted. "Geriren visited Singapore, the Netherlandsand other countries of the urban public transport system, drawing on the experience of these cities, he suggested that one-way only 2 lanes of the road, you can set 1 of them as bus lanes, one-way 4-lane road, can even open up 2 to 3 lanes, as bus lanes. Nanjing City and Transportation Planning and Design Research Institute Dean Yang Tao also advocated, "first is the right to the road priority, so that the bus has a dedicated lane, driving than the car unobstructed, so as to attract more people to take the bus." Secondly, we should strengthen the construction of public transport network, optimize the rail transit, BRT, Trunk line and feeder bus, and let the citizens change without worry; Thirdly, to realize the informatization of public transport system service. "B four-color traffic on it, Geriren suggested that mainland cities can learn Chinese Hong Kong, Brazil Curitiba, and so on, the establishment of a very selective flexible public transport system, the bus system is basically divided into four levels, can be represented by four colors: the first is the main line bus, Big Station Express, meet the urban functional area between the public transport needs The second is the radiation bus, from the city center to the suburbs, the distance between stations is less than the main bus, convenient for people close to the car; the third is connected with the area of the public transport, the general driving in the secondary road, mainly to the circular;　　At the same time encourage the development of school buses, unit buses. A staff member of Beijing Public Transportation Group, the public transportation system generally according to the traveler's traffic demand, plans to set up the bus line. At this stage, they optimize the line principle is "urban reduction duplication, edge increase coverage", and priority to connect the city office and New Town living area, subway station to the surrounding community line of the bus network.　　The staff evaluated the "four-colour bus" approach, which helped them to upgrade their capacity and more rationally set up bus routes. C Public bicycle System Mao Paohua, Director of the Comprehensive Transport Research Center of Beijing Jiaotong University, noted that the residents from the community to the bus or subway station often need to walk about 15 minutes.　　He suggested setting up a public bicycle system that could be used to access the car, free or low-cost, and connect the community and the bus or subway station to solve the "last mile" problem. D Harbour Type Transfer Geriren proposal, we can consider the construction of more "harbor-style" transport hub, to achieve the integration of different modes of transport stations, this hub does not affect the traffic on the main road, but also can be realized in the same station, transfer different modes of transport.　　In the absence of a transport hub, the transfer distance of passengers to the nearest station should not exceed 500 meters. E Information station Beijing Bus station hardware facilities better, but the dynamic information is very small. Geriren, in Japan, Tokyo, Italy, Milan and other cities, the bus installed GPS positioning System, in the station set up real-time broadcast information electronic display, tell the bus about how many minutes the bus can stop.　　The public transport system in Chinese cities can also draw on this approach. Difficulties Mao Paohua said, the introduction of the protection of public transport road power policy measures difficultLarger。 Because changing existing policies will inevitably affect the interests of some people, the objections of these people may affect the decision-making of the government.　　Moreover, if the use of private cars is restrained, the service of public transport system can not be immediately followed, it will inevitably arouse public complaints, these are the difficulties of issuing relevant policies. Geriren introduced, according to the plan, 2015 Beijing Rail Transit line will reach 19, operating mileage 561 kilometers, then Beijing's rail traffic capacity will be greatly improved.　　With the increase of rail transportation capacity, the road power of bus will be enlarged gradually to achieve the above goal. Geriren said, "Many developed countries in the world, the main urban areas are restricted to small cars, Beijing's four ring within the main urban area, as long as more open lanes for public transport, and protect the exclusive road rights of buses, will not be traffic jams." Beijing is considering the imposition of odd restrictions or the imposition of congestion charges and other measures, are not a permanent solution, and may bring negative effects, the realization of public transport empowerment, the road is unblocked, these measures will no longer be the choice of decision makers.　　"Plugging point two-Jeeves-type congestion controversy a large number of vehicle parking, not only lead to congestion, but also bring traffic and fire safety and other hidden dangers." The 2010 Beijing annual report on traffic development shows that there were 5,247 parking lots and 1.278 million parking spaces in 2009. Meanwhile, 73.08% of Beijing's buses have parking spaces, and 52.43% of private cars have parking spaces. As of December 2009, the number of motor vehicles in Beijing was 4.019 million, including 3.186 million for private vehicles.　　According to this calculation, Beijing motor vehicle parking space gap has been as high as millions of.　　According to local media reports, as at the beginning of 2010, the Chengdu urban Area parking gap reached 400,000, Nanjing City, the gap of parking space of 720,000.　　The deputy director of the Urban Transportation Engineering Technology Center of the Ministry of Housing and Construction, Marin confirmed that China's one or two-line cities have a large gap in parking spaces, and the gap is expanding rapidly.　　A number of traffic experts suggested that Beijing should resume the "parking permit" system as soon as possible, restricting the rapid growth of motor vehicles and alleviating the contradictions of parking spaces. But some experts pointed out that if this approach, and strict supervision and audit, Beijing City will almost no new car registration card.　　Under the existing conditions, as much as possible to establish a body car park, the development of parking industry, and take part of the courtyard to social vehicles open to the public and other means to alleviate the problem of parking difficulties. Outlet A Policy Requirements May 2010, the Ministry of Housing Construction, the Ministry of Public Security, the national Development and Reform Commission issued a joint "on urban parking facilities Planning and construction and management guidance", requiring 1 million urban population and above cities to be completed by 2010, the completion of urban parking facilities special planning　　1 million of the urban population will be prepared to complete the plan by the end of 2011. Marin introduced, many cities are now according to their own situation, the preparation of "Urban parking facilities Special planning",It is expected that this will promote more rational planning and distribution of parking facilities in cities, including the promotion of the establishment of vehicle parking spaces near rail transit sites.　　B wrong parking pilot residential area and office parking spaces open to each other, wrong parking, and other measures, are in several cities pilot. Beijing Chaoyang District, Xianghe Garden and other streets have begun to pilot: nearby office staff to work, community residents out, the office workers will be parked in the residential parking space.　　In the evening, the residents of the community will be parked in the original parking vehicles, the office of the underground car park. According to the Chaoyang District Social Office director Zhang Yongbing, "Staggered parking mode, can alleviate 20%-30% of the parking pressure." After the pilot is over, the measure is expected to be replicated in other regions. "C-Office car park open pilot government office car park opening to the outside, also in the pilot."　　September, Fuzhou Gulou District Government Office courtyard, the first in the work time paid to the public open. Relevant experts believe that the construction of government agencies to maintain funds, from the public finance. The opening of the car park for social use, to a certain extent, is tantamount to a public service provided by government departments for the community.　　This may bring some difficulties to the administration of government agencies, but these difficulties are not insurmountable and government agencies should be encouraged to open up the car parks. D parking Industry Geriren that these reasonable allocation of existing parking resources can only be a stopgap measure. To solve the problem of urban parking, one is to limit the use of motor vehicles in the city centre, to strengthen the penalties for the parking of Jeeves; the second is to develop the parking industry. "Government departments to strengthen management, investment in the construction, operation of the car park is expected to receive reasonable returns, so that through market means to solve the city's parking problem."　　"The basic principle of urban planning should not encourage people to drive to the urban central area, and the urban central area, the cost of space use is relatively high, so in the relevant car park allocation standards, the more to the urban central area, the same type of building to build parking proportion of the lower."　　According to Marin, the Department of Housing construction of the city's car park is still in accordance with the urban traffic demand management objectives, moderate supply, and to build more parking facilities in the suburbs to encourage the transfer of motor vehicles to the suburbs, this direction will not change. However, compared with other cities in the world, "central urban areas low, high" the distribution of motor vehicles in contrast, Beijing and other cities in China, the more vehicles to the urban central area of the higher the amount of vehicle ownership. According to the Beijing Transportation Development Research Center Statistics, Beijing East, Xicheng District, the per capita has 0.28 motor vehicles, and the periphery of Chaoyang, Haidian and other four districts, per capita owned 0.20 vehicles, the outskirts of counties have 0.14 per capita.　　This situation leads to the center of the city, the lack of parking more prominent contradictions, so that urban parking "one car", become difficult to realize the dream. Blocking point three viaduct and underground road dispute "Beijing road network density is 4.5 km/sq km, while New York, Tokyo, London are 16, 19 and 25 km respectively/Sq。 "Shao Chunfu, director of the Beijing Jiaotong Research Institute, said," The old pattern in Beijing has led to more courtyard and hutong, compared with other world cities, the network density is seriously low. "Some experts suggest that Beijing can follow cities such as Tokyo, build underground traffic roads and more elevated highways to make up for the low density of the road network."　　Xu Yunfei, a researcher at Zhejiang Institute of Transportation Science, argues that the construction of the Beijing viaduct is untenable because of the destruction of urban space layout and environmental pollution. However, some experts also expressed opposition to the construction of elevated road and underground traffic roads in Beijing. Song Yuachang, a researcher at the Institute of Urban Development and Environment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that in accordance with the "Dance Law", elevated or underground roads, once built, may attract more traffic and create new plugging points.　　Beijing to build elevated road or underground trunk roads, not only will encounter the problem of cultural relics protection, and these roads in case of fire, traffic accidents, treatment will be very difficult.　　Outlet Beijing Urban Planning and Design Research institute Dean Assistant Gao said that there is no real sense of the elevated road, the existing Fushi road, the zoo elevated, can only be counted as a local elevated, is forced to build-because the zoo can not open the courtyard, built underground tunnels will encounter the subway, only to adopt the elevated way. A traffic expert close to Beijing's planning committee said the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission is demonstrating the feasibility of building an underground traffic road. Experts, 2006, Beijing has studied the construction of "four vertical and two horizontal" underground fast road network, easing two or three ring and Changan Street road congestion. But the project, the community has been very controversial, the Beijing Municipal Planning Committee had to shelve the project. Under the pressure of the ground traffic, Beijing Municipal Planning and Design Institute has recently arranged for the project to be proved again.　　The message was not denied.　　In the first half of 2010, construction Qiu BaoXing, Deputy Minister of Housing construction, pointed out that Beijing should study the planning and construction of underground roads as soon as possible, and introduce the vehicle traffic into the underground to reduce the disturbance and influence on the ground traffic.　　Compared with the elevated road, the advantage of the underground expressway system is that it can be considered to be connected with the underground parking garage of the main passenger hubs, not only to ensure the accessibility of the Underground expressway, but also to increase the utilization rate of underground garages and improve the ground driving and parking environment. Shao Chunfu also believes that, in the case of technical conditions, you can consider the construction of underground traffic roads, encryption Beijing road network.　　In addition, Beijing has a lot of hutongs are occupied by the operation, illegal parking, increase the penalties for these violations, improve the "microcirculation", but also conducive to increasing urban road network clouds. Difficult point "because the elevated road will destroy the ancient capital style, and only suitable for through-type traffic, Beijing will not choose to build a complete viaduct, encrypted network."　　Said the lofty. For the underground traffic road, related experts, the construction of underground roads more difficult than the subway, and its cost more than the subway. In the design and planning stage of the underground traffic road, we should fully consider how to rescue the traffic accident or fire, and reserve the rescue channel. but alsoFully consider the emission of motor vehicle pollutants, cultural relics protection and other issues.　　It is necessary to solve the problem of technology and capital and then start construction. Plugging point four quality and order disputes in the streets and alleys, people are accustomed to blame each other.　　Drivers of motor vehicles accuse pedestrians and cyclists of disobeying traffic regulations, while pedestrians and cyclists accuse motorists of rampage and disorderly release. "Light traffic regulations lead to disorder, traffic congestion and heavy traffic accidents."　　"said Wang Changjun, deputy director of the Traffic Management Institute of the Ministry of Public Security.　　It has been suggested that the penalties for violators should be increased, such as parking for vehicles violating traffic regulations, the first fine of 200 yuan, the second fine of 400 yuan, and so on, disciplinary violations. Geriren that there are a lot of traffic violations in China, behind which there is a deep lack of education, lax law enforcement, and the establishment of traffic facilities is not in place. Changing people's behavior habits can only be a gradual process.　　Therefore, China's cities to achieve good traffic order, there are a long way to go. The way out does not comply with traffic regulations, reflecting people's traffic concept has not kept up with the development of the Times.　　To change people's traffic violations, from the publicity and education. "Should let the primary and secondary school students to maintain traffic order, so that they participate in traffic management process, recognize the importance of complying with traffic regulations." However, because of the emphasis on the "burden" for primary and secondary school students, it is very rare to see the school to maintain traffic order. This is actually a retrogression.　　"Geriren said. On the other hand, the establishment of traffic facilities can not be humanized, scientific and reasonable, but also to induce traffic violations of one of the important reasons. For example, two bus stations on both sides of the road, if there is no underground access or overpass connected, it is easy to induce pedestrians to cross the road, over the isolation bar and other violations.　　If, for example, a bicycle path becomes a "broken road" or is occupied by a vehicle that is illegally parked, cyclists have no choice but to choose to drive on the fast lane.　　In Geriren's view, laws and regulations can only be used to punish a few people, if the traffic safety education is more in place, the traffic facilities construction more humane, certainly only a small part of the choice of illegal, then traffic law enforcement can become a safeguard of the effective traffic order. Geriren introduced that in the 50 's, the traffic order of the Japanese cities was also very chaotic.　　But it took more than 20 years for the traffic order in the Japanese cities to be effectively governed and the traffic jams significantly reduced. When studying abroad, Geriren also noticed an interesting phenomenon. In Singapore, Japan and other countries, not only traffic police in the maintenance of traffic, many social groups, such as the Red Cross, women's associations are also on the streets to maintain traffic order.　　But in China, only the municipal government and the regulatory authorities in order to maintain the traffic orders, many traffic participants may be worried about the city's traffic conditions, but they did not take practical action to maintain urban traffic order. Geriren said that all levels of government, social groups and volunteers should be mobilized to jointly safeguard traffic order and change the chaos of urban traffic disorder.Conditions。　　In order to maintain the same time, will also change their own traffic behavior. Difficulties in accordance with the "People's Republic of China Road Traffic Safety law", pedestrians, motorists, non-motor vehicle drivers violate road traffic safety laws and regulations, can be warned or more than 5 yuan or more than 50 of the following fine.　　But most pedestrians or cyclists are resisting the traffic police, punishing and correcting such violations, which takes a lot of time and effort.　　Mao Paohua points out that the management of special vehicles is a major challenge for traffic management at present. According to the relevant traffic experts, Beijing currently has 80多万辆 bus, government agencies in the enjoyment of special road rights at the same time, but also more and more become the subject of traffic violations.　　Also, in some cities, bus passenger transport companies and bus drivers have "Boss" thought, there are traffic violations. "These vehicles violate the regulations, it is easy to induce other vehicle drivers to imitate, and motor vehicle drivers violate the regulations, will induce pedestrians and non-motor vehicle drivers of the general violation." This will make the previous efforts to govern traffic violations completely frustrated.　　"The expert said. Hope to focus on the "hands" of national planning, "China's major urban transport planning seminar" November 26 in Suzhou, Jiangsu province.　　Experts have called for government departments to change their ideas and improve the status of transport planning in big cities. Experts suggested that "transport planning can no longer be regarded as a subsidiary of Urban Planning, it is the city's blood, is the ' survival system ', government departments need to improve the status of urban transport planning and decision-making level."　　Chen Yanyan, a professor at the Traffic Research Center at Beijing University of Technology, said that in order to better manage the urban congestion, the urban planning and traffic management departments should be carefully designed in the connection of various modes of transportation. According to the relevant traffic experts, traffic methods are divided into point traffic, line traffic, surface traffic three categories. Most of the whole process of transportation is not done by one way and requires at least two modes of transportation to be integrated to achieve the goal.　　Integrated transport system is conducive to the integration of various modes of transport, play their own advantages, rather than let them form a competitive relationship. For example, bicycles and buses, if not handled well, may form a competitive relationship.　　Some experts suggest that in the city, people from the community to the public transport site travel, with the public bicycle system to connect, so as to achieve the coordination of the two modes of transport.　　For example, urban rail transit and cars, the best way to coordinate with the rail transit site, the plan to establish a car park, convenient for motorists to transfer public transport, access to the city's central district, but also reached the limit of cars into the city's central District congestion section of the purpose. Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering and academician of CAS Week dry Assembly suggested that the urban planning and traffic management departments should coordinate the development of fast and slow traffic according to the requirements of "comprehensive transportation system". The slow traffic system is more suitable for short distance traffic, the main means of transport is bicycles, electric bicycles, urban planning should be for this part of the trafficCreate better conditions and progressively establish a relatively independent, non-motorized road network. The construction of comprehensive transportation system is propitious to realize the coordinated development of urban traffic and spatial distribution. Residential Construction Department of Urban Traffic Engineering Technology Center Deputy director Marin said, "for example, the main road in Beijing is wider, but the density of the road network is low, if Beijing plans to build an underground traffic road, encrypted road network, should be comprehensive calculation of traffic flow, and reasonable design of the entrance and exit of the underground trunk roads, to avoid new congestion. "System control planning, Transport Minister Li Shenglin in an interview with this newspaper, said that the problem of urban traffic congestion, need to rely on building a comprehensive transport system to solve."　　He said that at this stage, we should promote the construction of regional comprehensive transportation system, explore the establishment of coordination mechanism, co-ordinate the planning of various modes of transport, and promote regional transport integration.　　May 2010, the department also issued the "Urban Integrated Transport system Planning Guidelines", the request for the planning of the urban external traffic, road construction, public transport, pedestrian and bicycle traffic, transportation hubs, parking and other subsystems of the basis for planning.　　Geriren that the establishment of regional integrated transport system, the use of railways, urban rail transit, road transport and other means, Beijing and the surrounding urban areas, and even more distant cities linked to the elimination of urban and rural differences, so that people move away from the central city of Beijing, the centripetal force into centrifugal forces.　　But at present, in the construction of urban comprehensive transportation system planning and implementation, still subject to institutional constraints. Marin introduced, according to the plan of the big part system reform, the Department of Housing and Construction has transferred the management functions of city Passenger Transport to the Ministry of Communications.　　In essence, urban transport planning is still part of the overall urban planning, which needs to be coordinated and formulated by the Urban Planning Department, which is still under the leadership of the Ministry of Housing and Construction. In 2008, when the State Council was reformed in large part, once the responsibility for unified transport planning was handed over to the Ministry of Transport, but since the establishment of a comprehensive transport system involving highways, railways, civil aviation, urban transport and other areas, the need for a multisectoral co-ordination, and the Ministry of Transport does not have the administrative power to allow these departments to cooperate with each other.　　Therefore, the comprehensive transport system in the planning stage, it encountered a difficult problem of coordination. According to Chen Yanyan, the Beijing Municipal Planning and construction of No. 13th Subway line, has considered working with the railway department to use existing railway lines, and joint construction of transport hubs. However, due to the division of different departments, the coordination of difficulties, the work has not been able to go on.　　Metro line Line 13 and Beijing North Station later built a traffic hub, resulting in the subway line Line 13 and line Line 2 transfer distance, this is not in line with the construction of comprehensive transport system requirements. In this respect, Guo, director of the National Development and Reform Commission's Comprehensive Transport Research Institute, said that because of the country's emphasis on building integrated transport system, "Twelve-Five" period of urban transport and the Ministry of Railways to achieve closer cooperation. At that time, urban transport can be more use of existing urban railways, transport. And the railway sector will also play its own advantages to solve more urban agglomerations of transportation problems。 At the National planning level, "urban traffic congestion, in essence, is the performance of regional economic development imbalance." Therefore, it needs to be considered from the aspects of regional economic development, industrial planning and construction of integrated transport system.　　Song Yuachang, a researcher at the Institute of Urban Development and Environment of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.　　Song Yuachang said that, unlike Shanghai, Beijing's economic development has not been able to effectively drive the development of the surrounding areas, leading to a large number of people to the central city of Beijing, the search for employment, health care, education and other resources, but also bring a lot of traffic demand, leading to the city step by step into the There are also problems in the planning of Beijing's urban area, Song Yuachang that the city is not determined to build millions of people, but it has built a single function of the "Sleeping City", many public services still rely on the central city.　　From the national scope, Wuhan, Nanjing and other cities, the functional areas of differentiation is obvious, but only a single function, did not achieve comprehensive support, the city's traffic congestion status and Beijing similar. Song Yuachang suggested that, from a longer-term perspective, Beijing should not only be limited to the construction of new towns, but also should put some counties and cities around Hebei province into a unified planning, schools, hospitals and corporate headquarters and other institutions to relocate to these places, the relatively single functional area into a comprehensive functional area, the formation of industrial clusters, on the spot to solve employment problems,　　Shorten people's travel distance. "The implementation of these planning ideas is not a problem that can be solved in a certain department, and it needs to be implemented jointly by the Urban Planning Department, the Land and resources department, the Transport Department and even the departments responsible for industrial development." A single city like Beijing cannot solve these problems by itself, so it should be raised to the national level to address them.　　"he said.　　In Chen Yanyan's view, to solve the problem of urban congestion, involving the development of automobile industry, National Energy strategy, cross-regional Regional cooperation strategy, and so on, can only rise to the national level to discuss. Traffic experts suggested that the regional integrated transport system planning should also rise to the national level, together with regional economic development planning, unified planning and comprehensive evaluation, so as to focus on the overall development of urban agglomerations, optimize the allocation of traffic resources, deal with good urban development and good mobility relationship.