Economy half Hour: Why Blood Bank blood loss

Editor: Solemn choreographer: Wang Singcan Zhang Jing: 刘勋 Goncon Today we are looking at a new problem: blood shortage, blood. As we all know, blood is a very special medical appliance, especially the life of many surgical and emergency patients, must rely on blood transfusion to save. However, the country, including Kunming, Nanjing, Wuhan, including a number of cities, these two days but the hospital with blood frequently emergency, many patients because of lack of blood had to wait for treatment. How did this massive blood supply strain come about? What was the problem behind the scenes?　　Let's take a look at the reporter's investigation. This is the first affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, where we saw the small Xu on the hospital bed.　　Xiao Xu 11 years old this year, just finished surgery a few days ago.　　Reporter: What is a child disease?　　Xiao Xu's father: Heart disease.　　Xu Dad told us that children Mountain they originally planned to come to the hospital in September to do surgery for their children, but because the hospital blood tension, can not guarantee the congenital heart disease such as not rescue operation of the blood, their family in the hospital anxiously waiting for one months, until half a month ago Xiao Xu was admitted to hospital surgery.　　Anhui Medical University first affiliated hospital heart surgery chief physician Gegjin: not belong to emergency or emergency surgery, is that he can wait for a period of time, frequent blood tightening, resulting in some surgery repeatedly postponed, Ge Jianjun that period of time their status described as scalp numbness.　　Reporter: Scalp numbness that period of time?　　Ge Jianjun: The middle of September to October, for example, tomorrow to open a four operation, stop two, stop three.　　Journalist: How long have you been waiting?　　Ge Jianjun: Nearly one months. In the hospital's blood bank, the reporter saw that there is now a two-day hospital--and in normal circumstances, the number should be three days.　　The two refrigerators, which kept their blood, showed up more than one-third of the empty stalls.　　Anhui Medical University, the first affiliated hospital blood transfusion department chief physician Zhang Xun: In sufficient circumstances, is not these small squares will be full?　　Zhang follows the good: Yes, it should be so, now there are roughly 40 blood.　　In Hefei, not only is the supply of this hospital tightened, the Hefei first People's hospital has seen a similar situation. Hefei first People's Hospital blood transfusion Department supervisor Inspector Lin Zhong-Ming-Lin: Generally originally in 9, October as if the blood is not very tense.　　General Type A we used to be 25 to 30 or so, B is also, O is also, AB type with less blood, we probably control in 5 to 6 or so, then there is a slight tension, blood station on our also have a slight control, that is, generally guaranteed 15, AB type two to three or so can be.　　Although the blood supply has eased over the past few days, Ge Jianjun still feels the overall blood supply situation this year is more severe than last year.　　Ge Jianjun: This year seems to be a bit of a highlight, the blood bank is not bleeding this rate may be a bit higher than last year. ReporterNote that in this hospital's inpatient building, the beds in each ward are almost full, and most of the wards have extra beds, and some even make beds in the elevator room. This kind of situation not only appears in this large-scale three armour hospital, in Hefei Feixi County People's Hospital This two armour hospital, the corridor also densely covered with the extra bed.　　Zhang Xun and Lin Zhengming both believe that the current situation of blood tension, a large part of the reason is that demand is growing too fast. Zhang follow the good: 2008 Our bed is 1680 beds, 2009 time to increase to 1890 beds, this year, has increased to 2750 beds.　　So the actual hospitalized patients have reached about 3100 this year, so we increase the size of the hospital, the operation of the table is increasing, the clinical blood volume is also increasing in each year. As we have just seen, Zhang Xun and Lin Zhengming believe that the rapid increase in clinical blood is the cause of blood supply tension. The Ministry of Health Statistics can also confirm their analysis, in recent years, China's clinical blood demand for the annual growth rate reached 10%-15%, at the same time, many parts of the country blood supply has been varying degrees of tension. So, as the blood supply of the first ring, blood collection station can alleviate the gap between supply and demand?　　Let's go there and have a look. Liu Zhong is the deputy stationmaster of the blood station of Hefei city center.　　On the morning of October 30, when he went to the blood bank to look into the bloodstream, he found that AB blood in the blood bank had been depleted.　　Hefei City center Blood station technician Zhang Henping Reporter: I see that the AB type has been empty? Zhang Henping: Right, but today's test results come out later, you can replenish the inventory, should be today after the fight, should we in 100 or so.　　100 units If it is 3-4 days (the supply), on the low line of our control line. To check in the storehouse of AB blood test soon after the warehouse, but the average line from 5 days still poor on a section, this let Liu Zhong heart somewhat not sureness.　　He worked at the blood station for 20 years, and for two years he obviously felt more blood donors, but more people with blood, which made the blood station work under unprecedented pressure. Liu Zhong: Our clinical blood has been increasing at a rate of 30% a year since 05.　　On the other hand in the free blood donation this piece we feel the annual growth rate of about 15%, this gap is about 10% to 15%, so we from 08 onwards, we obviously feel that our blood, clinical blood a little nervous. Now the blood station in Hefei City set up 8 standing blood donation point, the status of blood donation point?　　The reporter shot this day is weekend, in the downtown most bustling area of this drum tower blood collection point, came to donate blood in line.　　Blood donors: There are 8 other people in the queue now.　　Journalist: At most, how many of you are in line?　　Blood donation volunteers: There are 12, 13 or so. But the reporter found that in the pedestrian street on the other side of the Parkson blood collection point, blood donation is significantly less than half of the people. In addition, in order to boost the contribution of rural residentsBlood behavior, as an attempt, every Saturday and Tuesday, blood stations will be in Feixi County County Center set up blood collection points. When the reporter came here in Saturday two o'clock in the afternoon, there was no blood donor, the nurse who was in charge of taking blood in the car had to get off to give information to pedestrians. Half an hour later, sporadic two or three people to consult and medical examination, during the three-hour stay, a total of four people came to donate blood. According to the blood station statistics, in the October 30 of Saturday, the Drum Tower blood collection point of total 248 units, 49700 ml; the collection point is not to the drum tower half of the collection point, for 103 units, 20600 ML and Feixi Blood collection point is only 28.5 units, 5700 ml, this imbalance is not only reflected in the region, but also reflected in the blood donation group.　　Blood station statistics on blood donors also show that the largest group is students, accounting for 35.81%.　　Liu Zhong: So this also causes us to have a seasonal blood tense phenomenon, then mainly because the student holiday, is the winter vacation and summer vacation time we may appear a tension. According to the World Health Organization, blood donation accounts for 4% of the total population of a country, that is, to meet the national needs for clinical blood. However, according to relevant statistics, the number of blood donation in China is less than 1% of the total population.　　In the reporter's random visit also found that most people did not participate in blood donation.　　Journalist: Are there any concerns or concerns about donating blood?　　Passerby: Safety hazard, fear of infection, not so sanitary.　　Passerby: All kinds of diseases, AIDS. Liu Zhong has been thinking about how to attract more people to participate in the unpaid blood donation, the interview that day, blood donation point calls, said a blood donor and the staff of the station had a dispute.　　He hurried to the scene. The blood donor is a German named Pretoria. The reason for the dispute is that our blood donation law only advocates the 18 to 55 years of age healthy citizens voluntarily donate blood, and the Pretoria was already 58 years old, blood station staff think he has passed the legal age of blood donation, but the Pretoria insisted on offering.　　Because in Germany, he can have more blood donation opportunities. German blood donor Billebiller: China and Germany are different, I can only offer two times a year of blood, but in Germany can offer four times, there is a difference is that China after 60 years old can not donate blood, in Germany, 60-year-old blood donation is completely no problem.　　You can donate blood until you are 65 or 67 years old. Liu Zhong tells us that in fact, not only in western countries such as Germany and the United States, but also in Asia, Japan, Korea, and China's Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Taiwan, two times the shortest period of blood donation is 3 months.　　Liu Zhong Introduction, many studies have shown that such a period of time for human health without any harm, and narrowing the interval means increased blood sampling opportunities. Liu Zhong: Because we human erythrocytes, our life is 120 days, that is, 120 days later, even if you do not donate blood, your body's red blood cells will all be updated once, our platelets and white cell for about 10 days, our plasma, to donate bloodIt will only take 2-3 days to fully recover, so from a physiological point of view, 3 months should be OK. We learned from medical experts that a three-month-long donation of blood will not have any adverse effects on the body, but in real life, there are few people who have actually participated in the donations. At present, the rate of blood donation in high-income countries in the world is 4.54% and that of middle-income countries is 1.01%, while the average blood donation rate of our country population is only 0.84%.　　What are the factors that hinder people's enthusiasm to donate blood? In all kinds of blood donation methods, the residents unpaid blood donation is the safest, the lowest cost, is the World Health Organization, the International Red Cross to promote the form of blood donation. Now, many countries, such as the United States, Japan and Canada, have realized that all or most of the medical blood has come from unpaid blood donation. Our country has also established a free blood donation system, and through the use of blood reimbursement mechanism to encourage people to participate, but why still appear blood supply nervous?　　Let's take a closer look. Ms. Li and her sister have all participated in unpaid blood donation, and not long ago, their father was sent to the hospital for a traffic accident first aid, a large dose of blood transfusion.　　While in the hospital, Ms. Li heard that a blood donor in her immediate family could be reimbursed for the money, but needed proof of kinship material and a list of hospital charges, so she rode a 50-minute bike to the hospital to reimburse her for the cost of her four-account book and a large stack of lists.　　Ms. Li: After the return feel, with their imagination in the gap is larger, because our family is, with my sister two is a total of 600 ml, 600 ml, I based on my father's blood donation and then he returned 330 yuan, said we think, this was better than not to come, Mr. and Mrs. Zhu, who participated in the unpaid blood donation this day, also came to the Hefei center blood station to reimburse for their blood reimbursement.　　They had a blood transfusion during the course of their treatment because of both accidents.　　Mr. Zhu reimbursed 440 yuan, although in the blood station only spent a short 20 minutes to get the money, but Mr Zhu still feel trouble.　　Mr Zhu: if at that time in the hospital, can be directly from the cost of the row, save me today to come to this blood station, but also back and forth to play 40 yuan.　　And his wife, Mrs. Liu, was more depressed, because she was a few years ago in the field of blood, according to the current policy, she must rely on relevant vouchers to the original blood donation can be reimbursed, the right hand is still playing plaster of her white ran a trip, complicated procedures also let her confused. Ms Liu: I don't know if this is going to happen. It said, he said to send proof to the blood station, I do not know where to send.　　If the whole network of Anhui Province, if Anhui and his place can be networked, it is better. In addition to the cumbersome reimbursement procedures, Ms. Lee also felt why the line order is free, and the price of blood is not low?　　With this doubt, the reporter first visited the blood station.　　Journalist: What is the cost of a bag of blood? Liu Zhong: This blood from the collection to the application, he has to undergo collection, detection, separation, storage, packaging, transportLose a series of processes, then this series of processes, it is a need for some costs, then this part of the cost is not to say that each blood station can be prescribed by themselves, but also by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Health and other relevant ministries made jointly.　　Journalist: is the benefit of the blood station linked to your income?　　Liu Zhong: The "People's Republic of China blood donation law" has been clear, blood station is a public welfare unit, blood station income is all submitted to the Government, our income and our expenditure is divided two lines.　　According to the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Health set up a blood price list, the blood was sent to the hospital after blood station, the hospital can be in the price of blood stations on the basis of a fare increase of 10 yuan. Liu Zhong: Then the cost of blood storage can add 8 yuan, can increase 18 yuan.　　That's not to lose blood to the patient.　　Zhang Yanshan: Including our blood type identification, cross match blood, antibody screening, and laboratory inspection. Zhang told reporters that all hospital charges are in accordance with the Anhui Provincial Department of Health, Anhui Province, the establishment of the medical Department of the Citizens Clinical blood standards to calculate. He gave us an account of the case of a unit of red blood cells, blood station to the hospital price is 210 yuan, the hospital according to the provisions can be increased by 10 yuan, and then add a blood storage fee of 8 yuan, the use of gel micro-injection method of blood type identification of 20 Yuan, RH blood type 20 yuan, plus cross with blood 20 yuan,　　The cost of blood to be paid by the patient is 288 yuan per unit.　　Zhang Yanshan: The overall basic price is unified, this blood itself can not change the price. Just now we learned that there is a shortage of blood supply in hospitals, which is a world problem, and Australia, which also implements the system of unpaid blood donation, recently announced that the national blood inventory in this month was 18% lower than last month, with less than two days of blood in most states in Australia.　　Let's take a look at the situation there. Like most countries in the world, the main source of medical blood in Australia is voluntary blood donation. and similar to other countries, Australia currently has less blood than demand.　　The Australian Red Cross announced that the current nationwide blood stock is 18% lower than last month, of which O-type blood is less than two days of consumption.　　Reporter out of the Mirror: Here is located in the center of Sidney a blood collection station, can receive about 120 to 150 blood donors each day, collected blood volume of about 50 to 100 litres, and similar to such a blood collection station, in Australia has 100.　　The old lady named Rita is more than 60 years old this year. She has donated blood since the birth of her first child more than 30 years ago, and now she is still donating blood 12 times a year, as usual, and today she has been on a bus for more than half an hour to come to the blood station at her home from 20 kilometres away.　　Reporter: How do you think of donating blood?　　Rita: There is a lady, my child in her school, she donated blood, she said I can donate blood, I said yes, she said you want to, I said if you can tell me, OK, so I began to donate blood. Like the old Rita.Such frequent donors are not common in Australia, with statistics showing that Australia needs 26,000 people a week to meet daily medical needs, but only 600,000 of Australia's 22 million people are registered as blood donation volunteers, less than one-third of the total population, And the proportion of the population in rural areas is much higher than that of the urban population.　　These days Australia's major television stations are broadcast such a call for people to donate blood ads, hoping to arouse people's attention to the shortage of blood.　　(blood donation) Sydney Red Cross Blood Collection center head Gari Wolfgari Wolf: In all other countries, we also have a lack of fresh blood products, we are the most difficult in the year of winter. In winter, the blood donors ' blood donation time is very limited because of the cold.　　However, in the summer, good weather will make blood donors more willing to donate blood, they feel better, so we will have more blood donors in the summer. In the face of blood shortages, the Australian government is taking a positive response. For example, in primary and secondary schools to set up a blood donation knowledge class, regularly bring students to the blood center to visit the scene, so that students understand that blood donation is due to social obligations, blood donation does not affect health.　　In addition, in order to allow more people to enjoy the process of blood donation, Australia has formulated 9 detailed work rules, such as not to allow the blood donors to wait for a long time, should be allowed to donate blood after more than 5 minutes, if the last meal time is too long should supply glucose or small food. It seems that the lack of blood supply, but also plagued many of the implementation of unpaid blood donation system of countries and regions. Through television, newspapers call on everyone to set up their sleeves, enthusiastically donate blood, to some extent, can solve the urgent, but this temporary method, after all, can not fundamentally alleviate the blood supply crisis, the role is still limited.　　So, can a long-term mechanism be established to ensure that doctors and patients are no longer worried about blood? Gao Dongying, deputy director of Beijing Red Cross Blood Center. She told us that Beijing last year consumed 100 tons of blood as the country's largest city with blood.　　Beijing has 25 blood donation vehicles in the bustling area to carry out blood collection work, with the increase in blood demand, the current street blood donation has a certain gap with the clinical blood supply. Beijing Red Cross Blood Center deputy director Godon: Normally good time, is normal weather Monday to Friday around 1000 units can be picked up to about 1100, then Saturday Sunday can pick 1300, 1400 or 1500.　　Like the previous period is just a continuous rainy day 10 days, then 400, 500,500, 600 every day in a hurry to spend beyond their means.　　High Director believes that the establishment of sustainable development of blood donation group is to solve the root of blood tension.　　Gao Dongying: Basically did not say that a country his blood is entirely on the streets such a scattered in one of the random blood donors to complete to protect, it has a certain proportion of the group unpaid blood donation, in any country region are present, and the proportion is not particularly small. Director Gao told us that foreignThere are also so-called "blood shortages" during the Christmas period of 12 per year to the end of January, and most of them donate blood to the group to fill the shortfall.　　In Macau, even casinos sometimes organize unpaid blood donations.　　Gao Dongying: Group unpaid blood donation as a kind of protection of emergency blood donation, I think it must be vigorously developed, the high director also told us that the process of simplifying blood donation free of charge procedures, but also to a certain extent to stimulate the enthusiasm of blood donors.　　Gao Dongying: He might have to find this place and find that department when he's bleeding. It may be different, I think it is a bit inconvenient, we also realize that this is a national problem, but also our blood industry, including our health administration to consider. Huangyu, director of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Hospital, president, Chinese Physicians Association, anesthesiology physician Branch.　　Director Huang told us that due to the improvement of medical standards, the number of operations in China has increased dramatically in recent years, and many years of clinical experience has made him realize that to fundamentally solve the problem of blood tension, patients, families and medical workers need to change the concept.　　Huangyu: We can see that is in foreign countries, they call blood-free medical, blood-free hospital, no blood surgery, they have a high volume of surgery in a case, the clinical use of blood in the year steadily decline.　　The use of blood tension is a widespread problem, even in Europe and the United States and other countries can not be avoided, the face of blood shortage, how we no longer flustered, foreign "blood-free medical" experience is worth learning. Huangyu: The foreign blood transfusion standard is the intraoperative hemoglobin is 6 grams only then starts the blood transfusion the plan, but our domestic is in 7 gram. But we can hardly achieve the 7 gram standard. We now have a lot of experience, with clinical, that is, that the patient is almost the blood transfusion, we have a blood transfusion.　　But in fact, a lot of patients do not need to have blood transfusion.　　Professor Huang believes that, in the current China's blood source, only on the social unpaid blood donation is far from enough to meet the demand for blood, so the use of autologous blood transfusion can save blood source, to avoid the stock of allogeneic blood transmission of infectious diseases, reduce the stock of blood input occurred in the transfusion reaction. In the surgical recovery room, we met a young girl who had just finished scoliosis surgery.　　She is the patient who uses autologous blood transfusion.　　Huangyu: She is a child, she only 7 years old only 26 kilograms, so she a little bit of blood may be, will have to blood transfusion, but because we take the way of autologous blood transfusion, she does not need someone else's blood, she will solve the problem herself.　　In the interview, we saw another patient in the recovery room using autologous blood transfusions.　　Huangyu: We in the operation, we in the operation of the patient's autologous blood to it back, and then at the end of the surgery for a certain period of time we return it to the patient, this blood is the most valuable to the patient, because the blood or their own better. However, in the clinical operation, because of equipment, price, health care and other factors, the majority of surgical patients still use allogeneic blood transfusion. At present, the proportion of autologous blood transfusion in China reaches20%, there is a certain gap between 30% and 40% of international standards. Huangyu: Using a library of blood is relatively inexpensive, and with his own blood his costs tend to be higher.　　So the price of this upside down, objectively is not conducive to this conservation of blood projects such a sustainable development.　　The situation of the nationwide blood supply tension caused the NPC Standing Committee vice chairman, the Chinese Red Cross President Hua Jianmin said, he pointed out that to mobilize more people to join the blood donation team, there is an urgent need to strengthen publicity and recognition work. Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, Chinese Red Cross President Hua Jianmin: Blood donation is a very important field in the field of humanitarian assistance, we will do publicity work, but also care about blood donors, to eliminate some concerns; the second is to give recognition to the long-term blood donation, our society needs such some for the whole society's masses, dedicate themselves,　　To make selfless dedication.　　How to reduce the burden of blood users, dispel people's doubts, Hua Jianmin said also pointed out that the relevant part of the establishment of a more reasonable mechanism.　　Hua Jianmin said: Blood donors are free, the cost of blood is not low, so we have to form a reasonable mechanism to carry forward the spirit of humanity, fraternity, dedication, blood donation is our national moral feelings of a symbol, I believe we this thing must be done. Half an hour to observe the blood shortage behind the system of anemia how to reduce the amount of blood? Let the precious blood resources save more patients? Just now medical experts have provided us with a lot of technical methods. But in the meantime, how to use a better blood donation system to ensure that the medical system to obtain a stable blood supply? Also cannot be neglected. From our investigation, there are some omissions in the unpaid blood donation. For example, the daily blood donation is still relatively weak, the compensation for the existence of real obstacles to blood donors, the most concerned about the cost of blood collection, blood safety and other problems lack of patience and meticulous interpretation. This blood supply crisis tells us that any good system can give full play to the effect, still need the corresponding mechanism to ensure. Otherwise, the unpaid blood donation system itself will be in a state of blood loss.