NIST's cloud computing definition

The advent of cloud computing detonated the IT industry "concept and category" of the hype wave, has become the main theme of it in recent years, private cloud, public cloud, personal cloud, city Cloud, Industry Cloud (Vertical Cloud), community Cloud, E-commerce Cloud, HPC Cloud, science and technology cloud, mixed cloud, VPC (Virtual Private Cloud, Cloud Bridge, Cloud Broker, Cloudburst, Cloud Enabler, Cloud Envy, Cloud storage, and many other words linked to "cloud" have emerged. According to the ISO 2009 survey, Cloud computing has more than 20 definitions (as shown in Figure 8-1), it is difficult for the industry to unify their views and send out the same voice, as most of the people who are outside the industry and those who need to know about cloud computing are "in the clouds, in the fog".

Cloud computing involves a lot of technology and terminology, as shown in Figure 8-2, to have a clear understanding of it must grasp the relevant technology development and evolution of the main line.

The main line of cloud computing technology development can be summed up as follows two points.

Grid computing (including distributed computing, cluster and cluster, parallel and supercomputing, HPC, etc.) architecture provides infrastructure (compute nodes, storage resources, etc.), i.e. IaaS.

Middleware (including technologies such as SOA, Web Services, Multi-tenancy, hypervisor stand-alone virtualization, and Grid middleware, DRM, PFS, multi-machine virtualization, utility computing) provides interoperable business integration platforms (PaaS and the Application software (SaaS) built on it.

The internal computing resources that an enterprise has accumulated over the years, including various models, machines and storage systems running various OS, can be transformed into an efficient cloud computing system by IBM's step-by-step (as shown in Figure 8-3).

Using hypervisor-based stand-alone virtualization technology, compute Resource Integration (consolidate) is used to run a few required OS units.

Using the multi-machine virtualization technology, the distributed (Grid Middleware) cluster and cluster technology, all computing resources are integrated into one or more systems for different purposes.

Use technologies such as SOA (Web Services), utility (Utility) computing, multi-tenant (multi-tenancy), and so on, for external users of the enterprise.

Before the definition and architecture of NIST (national Cato of Standards and Marvell, United States Institute of Standards and Technology) unified Jiangshan, it is more common to classify cloud computing as a series of "X as a service" business, Figure 8-4 is an example of a typical "XaaS flood".

Based on a summary of various cloud definitions and descriptions including the above understanding, the NIST Peter Pell-mell and Tim Grance in April 2009 (by October 2009, version 15.0) proposed a cloud computing definition, This may be the only definition currently widely accepted and supported.

In view of its importance, we copy the English version of the definition (version 15) as follows: Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand receptacle access to a shared Pool of configurable computing (e.g., NX, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can is rapidly Provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider consortium. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of Hep essential, characteristics service three, and models Deployment models.

Cloud computing is a kind of network to facilitate, a pay-as-you-go pattern for computing resources, including networks, servers, storage, applications, and services, and increasing their availability from a shared, configurable pool of resources that can be captured and freed in the least effort and without intervention. This pattern has 5 key features and includes 3 service modes and 4 deployment modes.

Someone summed it up as shown in Figure 8-5.

There are 12 technologies that are the basis of cloud computing or the enabling technology or driving force for cloud computing to become the state it now achieves: virtualization, distributed computing, autonomous system technology (autonomic BAE), Grid computing, broadband networks; WEB 2.0; SOA; open source software; WEB application framework; SLA (Servcie level aggreements);

This digest is from the Cloud Computing Practice Guide series on cloud Computing: Technology, applications, standards, and business models, Zhou Hongpo, published by the electronic industry publishing house.

(Responsible editor: The good of the Legacy)