People's Daily magazine says urban disease outbreaks in some areas are far from livable

"The capital becomes ' the first block ', the house is surprisingly expensive, this Beijing really can't live."　　"In the past two months, Beijing has had two major traffic jams in the city, one of which is just a light rain, but led to more than 140 major lines congestion for several hours, many people complained about this." In addition to traffic congestion, high prices, rising living costs, air pollution, ubiquitous noise ... Mega-Cities concentrated outbreaks of "urban disease", so that more and more people find that the city does not seem so beautiful, some people even began to flee the "North Canton."　　And the recent apartment fire in Jiaozhou Road, Shanghai, has made people more concerned about the safety of urban life. Mega-Cities are doomed to be difficult to "livable"? When will the fast-growing cities "fret"?　　How to manage the "city sickness" that has appeared? ① "Urban disease" concentrated outbreaks, away from the "livable" more and more far to avoid the early peak, the Daxing District of Beijing's Watson Liu every day 6 o'clock to go out, to the company located in the East three ring office. "In fact, the company's normal working hours are 9 points, but if 7 o'clock drive out, just in time to catch the early peak, will be late." Watson Liu told reporters. In addition to going out early, in order to avoid the late peak, Watson Liu almost every day "active" overtime, 20 o ' clock to go home. "I really don't want to put the time on the road." "he said.　　It is understood that the current traffic congestion in Beijing has increased from the average 3.5 hours per day in 2008 to the current 5 hours, the average car speed of only 15 kilometers. Watson Liu hometown in Henan, after graduating from university Beijing work, October 2008 in Beijing to marry. "As you prepare to have children, you want to buy at least two lives," he said. Although Beijing house prices were affected by the international financial crisis has declined, but within the four-ring price I still can not bear. Think about it, but also in daxing such places to buy a house. "To Watson Liu worry about, much more than every day to" morning and evening. "Good shopping malls, hospitals, recreational and leisure facilities are concentrated in the city center, and usually run to the city."　　Now he is worrying about kindergarten for his son, the capital "difficult to attend" is nothing new.　　In fact, in addition to high housing prices, traffic congestion, street development imbalance, these citizens can deeply understand the "urban disease", Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other mega-cities are also facing different degrees of population expansion, resource shortages, environmental pollution, ecological deterioration and other "urban diseases." In Beijing, "Eleven-Five" plans to determine the total number of permanent resident population in 2008 to control 16.25 million people, but by the end of 2009, the actual total resident population has reached 19.72 million people. Shanghai's 2009-year resident population of 19.2132 million people, Guangzhou resident population has also been more than 14 million, it is estimated that in a few years China will emerge a number of more than 20 million of the population of the big cities. Environmental pollution also makes people headache. In Shenzhen, a number of rivers have been seriously polluted, even in the Pearl River Delta, the city is still a serious shortage of water resources in China, one of the 2009 per capita water resources have fallen to 201/18 years ago.　　Municipal solid waste in the annual growth rate of about 10%, but most of the rubbish can only be simple landfill, Beijing, Guangzhou and other land once appeared "garbage siege" phenomenon. The benefits of the city are beyond doubt. On the one hand, the same infrastructure construction inputs, intensive use can generate higher incomes and more employment; On the other hand, population aggregation makes the service industry develop, the process of socialization of family activities accompanying with urbanization makes people's life quality improve, and has more time for education, culture, leisure and entertainment activities.　　But when the city expands to a certain extent, "urban disease" comes along. China Urban Management Association president Royamon that the city is an open, complex giant system, is a movement of the unity of the contradictions, it will inevitably have such a problem, the city a bit of "disease" is normal, as long as not "terminally ill" leading to urban "hemiplegia" can be governed.　　But the "city sickness" of mega-cities is more serious, and the need for governance is more urgent. "Urban disease" is the product of urbanization. Mega-city features highly concentrated, and the surrounding small and medium-sized cities and towns function is not perfect, from the promotion of economic development and improve efficiency, the mega-city has many advantages, but also because of this, people, wealth, things and other factors of productivity constantly to the city agglomeration, resulting in a growing city scale, a variety of ' urban disease ' with it　　Zhang Wenzhong, deputy director of the Department of Economic Geography and regional development, CAS. The antithesis of "urban disease" is the livable nature of the city.　　Everyone hopes that the city is not only prosperous modern but also livable comfortable. Royamon introduced that there are many standards of livable, but according to the general opinion of academia, whether the city livable, there is a "red line": environmental carrying capacity. "Before the intensity of human activity exceeds the capacity of urban environment, the higher the intensity of human activity is, the more livable the city is, but the higher the intensity of human activity is, the lower the livable of city is." "Royamon said.　　He believes that the current large cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other mega-city population, the intensity of human activities over the environmental carrying capacity, resulting in a shortage of resources, ecological deterioration and many other "urban diseases", from the "livable" more and more distant. ② "Urban disease" is not an uncontrollable, should be from the scale of expansion to improve the quality of transformation Liao Jiaming live in Luohu District, Shenzhen, East Dongmen North Road, almost every day she can see Shenzhen People's Hospital lined up to register the anxious crowd. "Some of them do not light up to line up, at the beginning do not understand, they have seen several diseases on the understanding." Liao Jiaming told reporters that this July she went to see the teeth, before and after running two times before hanging the number, before long to cure a cold, hang up the number of waiting for three hours before their turn to their doctor. It is understood that as a large number of foreign personnel poured into Shenzhen, Shenzhen medical resources seriously inadequate. According to the actual management of the population at the end of 2008 Shenzhen 12.69 million, the city has a total of 1.66 beds per thousand, below the national level of 3.20, per thousand population Practice (assistant) physician 1.64 people, only with the national average level (1.62People) are flat, both of which are ranked at the bottom of the national provincial-level cities. Beijing Xuanwu District Incense Burner Camp du Grandma is recently to repair zipper depressed. A few days ago du Grandma's jacket on the zipper broken, can find a lap, the nearby shop tailors are only for their own selling trousers to change their trousers, who also do not take this small live. "Around the big shopping malls one by one, how can you find the place to change the zipper?" "Finally after the neighbor pointing, du Grandma took three station bus only to find a small zipper shop." "To change a zipper for 20 yuan, this to the home, the street tailor shop only charge 2 yuan."　　"Du grandma is very depressed.　　Compared to other regions, the infrastructure conditions of mega-cities are already very superior, why is there so much inconvenience? Zhang Wenzhong that, on the one hand, because the urban population is too fast to absorb the effects of infrastructure development, public transport is the most obvious example. According to estimates, Beijing every increase of 1 people, daily traffic will be increased 2.64 times, "Eleven-Five" during the Beijing Rail transit operation mileage increased by one times, passenger volume has doubled. On the other hand, the unreasonable allocation of urban infrastructure and unscientific management result in low utilization. Beijing, for example, has less car ownership than New York and Tokyo, but the traffic jams are much more severe. "In the service facilities, the big city can not only supermarket, big shopping malls, the city is a multi-level group to maintain the system, urban planning should take into account the needs of different groups of life, especially to consider low-income, vulnerable groups of life needs, to protect their living space and living conditions."　　Zhang Wenzhong stressed. The feeling of Liao Jiaming and Du's grandmother indicates the urgent demand of the citizens for the convenience and comfort of the urban infrastructure. This is one of the important indicators of livable cities. "' City sickness ' is not an uncontrollable disease. With the increase of urban residents ' expectation to livable city, urban development should be transformed from scale expansion to quality promotion.　　"Royamon said. Royamon advocates that the state should control the vicious expansion of mega-city scale. He said that even if 700 million people live in the city, 100 square meters per capita standard estimates, urban land also requires only 70,000 square kilometers.　　At present, China's urban construction planning land and Development zone planning land has far exceeded this number, even if no longer new urban construction sites, as long as the use of existing land, optimization, can also meet the needs of future urbanization. It is gratifying to note that the departments concerned have begun to improve the quality of urbanization steps. November 20, according to the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission in the "Capital 17th annual Architectural Design Plan report exhibition" On the show, Metro line Line 6 and line Line 10 will be in the home building station to achieve "flat transfer", CBD core area of nearly 10 high-rise buildings will use the Air Corridor series, and share underground garage. "I hope that the subway line and transfer design can continue to improve, but also hope that the ground traffic congestion has eased, so that people can not travel by ' blocking '."　　"The Shilizhu of Hubei girl who works in Beijing has long been suffering from" the transfer of hardship, she is looking forward to it. ③ Change the city development "baton", experts suggest, may wish to set "baby carIndex "What kind of city is livable?" 2007, by the Chinese Urban Science Research Institute and other units led the completion of the "Livable City Scientific Evaluation Index System Research" through the Housing and Urban and rural Ministry of Science and Technology Division acceptance.　　According to the standard, from the social civilization, economic prosperity, environmental beauty, resource load, life, public safety and comprehensive evaluation of the seven major items to evaluate a city livable degree, comprehensive livable Index of more than 80, can be called "Livable City." "This standard is only a guide to scientific evaluation standards, not mandatory administrative technical standards, therefore, urban planning and urban management is not yet binding." Royamon, the head of the research, told reporters. He thinks, because lacks this kind of urbanization quality appraisal standard the restriction, "the present in our country urban planning and the urban management domain, the ideal and the reality biggest contradiction is the resource carrying capacity and the ' only GDP theory ' conflict."　　He introduced that, for a long time, GDP is an important index for evaluating urban development in China, and also an important index to evaluate the performance of city managers. Professor Zhang Wenzhong, who is concerned about the development of regional economic geography, thinks that scientific and rational planning is the foundation and key of urban management. He introduced, summed up the international many mega-city planning management experience and lessons, urban planning should improve the surrounding area function, minimize the separation phenomenon, reduce the "pendulum-style" commute; urban planning should evacuate the main urban area function, minimize the flow of people, logistics in the center of the high concentration of urban areas Should allocate public resources rationally according to the proportion of population, and promote the balanced allocation of high quality public resources. "To manage the city as a system. Can not be taken as a stopgap, the overall consideration of urban development, functional layout.　　"Zhang Wenzhong said. At present, a new model of urban integrated management is emerging in some cities.　　In Qingyuan, near Guangzhou, the newly established Urban Integrated Management Bureau has taken over the past landscaping, environmental sanitation, urban lighting, urban bridges, urban roads and their supporting facilities, City appearance comprehensive management and urban supervision and other departments of the functions of urban management center of gravity forward, in urban planning, administrative licensing, social education and other links to resolve contradictions. "Urban planning lacks seriousness and stability, and many cities are often one of the leaders of a planning, but also cause confusion in urban management, ' urban disease ' is one of the reasons." "Zhang Wenzhong thinks.　　He advocated that China has a clear "urban and rural planning law", it must strengthen its legal seriousness, not with the replacement of the leadership, and change the planning, the introduction of planning should also absorb the public participation, and widely solicit the views of all parties and all sectors. The cultural genes of regional inequality play a certain role in the formation of "urban disease", Royamon analysis. Watson Liu's experience as a foreign youth working in Beijing confirms his view. "Every time I go home, relatives and friends treat you as a VIP, parents also feel very face, we are not because you earn how much money, just think can mix to Beijing is very great." "Watson Liu," said the oldIn Jiaozuo, my house is smaller than him, the mortgage is more expensive than his, the work pressure is bigger than him, but everyone thinks it is better in Beijing than in Jiaozuo. This mentality is the culture of regional inequality.　　"This, to some extent, has led to a growing population of mega-cities," Royamon said.　　Royamon that to prevent the "urban disease" of mega-cities, in fact, it is to solve the imbalance of regional development, so the idea of promoting regional equality, as far as possible to avoid the idea of regional inequality in law, regulation and regional development planning, to prevent "urban disease" also has a certain practical significance. At the recently concluded Shanghai World Expo, many experts discussed the problem of livable cities. Among them, Shanghai, Deputy director of the establishment of diplomatic relations Shenxiaosu a view of particular concern, he thought Livable city should be a "baby car can appear in the street arbitrary" city.　　Because, whether the baby car can go to the street, its behind including the relevant facilities are barrier-free, the road is unimpeded, the air is fresh enough, whether the public has leisure time and space. China's cities are still growing, growing cities on the streets can there be citizens leisurely pushing baby carriages? People who love the city are looking forward to it.