People's Daily: structural adjustment needs to reduce economic growth appropriately

Zhang Zhoyuan The proposal of the CPC Central Committee on the formulation of the 12th five-year plan for national Economic and Social Development (hereinafter referred to as "the proposal") pointed out that "Twelve-Five" planning must accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development as the main line;　　This is based on China's basic national conditions and the development of new features, in response to China's economic and social development of the outstanding problems, to respond to the international financial crisis in the era of new changes in the world economic situation to make strategic decisions, for the successful completion of the "Twelve-Five" economic and social development goals, to achieve To speed up the transformation of economic development mode we must focus on solving the imbalance in our country's economy the proposal points out that the unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development of our country is still outstanding. To adjust the economic structure and change the mode of economic development is to solve the imbalance problem in the economic development of our country, harmonize the main proportion relations of the national economy, and promote the stable and rapid development of economy for a long time.　　At present, China's economic imbalance is mainly manifested in the following aspects. The savings and consumption imbalances, the savings rate is too high, the consumption rate is too low. In 2008, our savings rate was 51.4%, which was 27.5% higher than the world average saving rate. From 1978 to 2008, China's savings rate increased by 13.5%. At the same time, consumption rates have fallen sharply. 1978 China's consumption rate of 62.1%, 2008 down to 48.6%, down 13.5%. The decrease in consumption rate is mainly caused by the decrease of the consumption rate of residents. I need imbalance at home and abroad, export dependence is too high, domestic demand is insufficient, its essence is the resident consumption demand is seriously insufficient. The shortage of residents ' consumption makes the economy of our country more and more on the cycle of production and brings a series of economic and social problems.　　Therefore, the proposal emphasizes to expand consumption demand as the strategic focus of expanding domestic demand, and promote economic growth to rely on consumption, investment, export coordination and pull change. The third industry lags behind, and economic growth relies too much on secondary. China's per capita GDP from 2002 onwards more than 1000 U.S. dollars, to 2009 has reached 3600 U.S. dollars, but the tertiary industry to increase the share of GDP and not with GDP per capita increased exponentially, has been hovering around 40%. At present, China's third industry to increase the value of the share of GDP than other countries of equal development level of more than 10 percentage points. The lagging development of tertiary industry, especially the lagging development of modern service industry, restricts the improvement of economic growth quality and benefit, restricts the change of economic development mode and restricts the improvement of living standard of the residents. At the same time, China's economic growth is too dependent on the second industry, especially the "two-up" industry and real estate industry development.　　In the future, we need to accelerate the development of the tertiary industry, and strive to increase the value of the tertiary industries faster than GDP growth, so as to promote economic growth to rely on the first, second, the third industry synergy led to change. The investment structure is unreasonable, the material resource consumes too much, the contribution rate of science and technology progress is low. For a long time, ChinaEconomic growth mainly depends on extensive expansion, material resources consumption and efficiency is not high. In 2009, China's GDP accounted for 8% of the global total, but consumed 18% of the world's energy consumption, 44% of steel and 53% of cement. Such huge resource consumption is unsustainable. The dependence of some major minerals in China, such as crude oil and iron ore, has risen from 5% in 1990 to over 50% in the past few years. On the other hand, China's scientific and technological progress is not fast enough, research and test development expenditure accounted for a low proportion of GDP, technology external dependence is very high. China is the world's first automobile production country, but the core technology is almost all foreign. China is known as "The World Factory", but there is little world famous brand, export goods 90% is a OEM products.　　In the future, we must focus on the "high consumption, high emissions, low efficiency" of the extensive growth to "low consumption, lower emissions, high efficiency" of intensive growth change, to promote development to rely mainly on scientific and technological progress, improve the quality of workers, management innovation change. The relationship between man and nature is not harmonious enough. The resource environment cost of China's economic growth is too great, and the relationship between man and nature tends to be tense. The reason of environmental and ecological deterioration lies in the blind development of high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission industries. "Eleven-Five" planning to the energy-saving emission reduction as a binding indicator, but the completion of this task is very difficult. It should be seen that resources and ecological environment have become the biggest bottleneck and real hard constraint of our country's economic sustainable development.　　We cannot continue to take local improvement, the general deterioration of the old road, but to make a decision to build a resource-saving, environmentally friendly society, take the path of sustainable development. The income gap between residents is too large. For example, in 2009, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17175 yuan, while the rural residents per capita was 5153 yuan, compared with 1/3 of the former. The income gap between urban and rural residents will be widened if the urban and rural inequality of public services such as medical, education and social security are combined. The difference of GDP per capita is also not small, 2007 Shanghai is 78225 Yuan, and Guizhou is 10258 yuan, the former is 7 times times more than the latter. The main reason of the income disparity is that the urban and rural division, the industry monopoly, the right money transaction, the redistribution regulation is weak.　　Paying attention to fair distribution, speeding up the income and consumption level of low-income groups, investing in safeguarding and improving people's livelihood has become the key to maintain social stability and enhance endogenous power of economic development. Changing the connotation of the mode of economic development with the development of economy and society to expand and enrich the 1995 "95" plan, we first proposed to fundamentally change the mode of economic growth, that is, from the extensive to the intensive type. The 2005 proposal of the central government to formulate the "Eleven-Five" plan again emphasizes the transformation of the mode of economic growth, at the same time its connotation has been expanded, put forward to form low input, low consumption, lower emissions and high efficiency of the economical growth mode, and clear specific requirements, such as the 2010 unit GDP energy consumption than Reduce the final 20% or so, focus on independent innovation, vigorously develop the recycling economy, the construction of resource-saving, environmentally friendlySociety. 2007 Party's 17 major proposed to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, this means that the transformation of the mode of economic growth to further enrich the development of the mode of economic development, and its connotation from a transformation into three changes, namely, the promotion of economic growth from the main investment, export-driven to rely on consumption, investment, export coordination to pull the shift, From the main relying on the second industry to rely on the first, second, tertiary industries synergy led to change, from mainly rely on increasing material resources consumption to rely mainly on scientific and technological progress, improve the quality of workers, management innovation change. Since the beginning of the 2010, the central government has emphasized to speed up the transformation of economic development mode, pointing out that the transformation of economic development mode has no delay after the outbreak of international financial crisis. Speeding up the transformation of economic development mode is the inevitable requirement of adapting to the great change of global demand structure, strengthening our economy resisting the international market risk ability, and is the inevitable requirement of improving sustainable development ability, is the inevitable requirement of seizing the commanding heights and striving for innovation advantage in international competition in the post international financial crisis, and is　　The inevitable requirement of promoting social harmony and stability is the requirement of adapting to the new requirement of realizing the goal of building a well-off society and satisfying the people's new expectation of living a better life.　　On this basis, the proposal points out that speeding up the transformation of economic development mode is a profound change in China's economic and social field, which must penetrate the whole process of economic and social development and all fields, and improve the comprehensiveness, coordination and sustainability of development. Transferring mode and adjusting structure need to reduce economic growth rate as a big developing country, we must maintain a certain rate of economic growth so as to solve all kinds of economic and social problems. However, the pursuit of ultra-high speed economic growth has also become an important reason for the imbalance of China's economic structure. All over the pursuit of short-term ultra-high-speed economic growth, and constantly increase investment, and large industrial, especially heavy chemical projects, squeeze consumption. Investment growth rate is too high, extensive expansion, must pay too large resources and environmental costs. In order to protect the economic growth rate, the financial expenditure is used for infrastructure construction, and the lack of financial resources to support the underdeveloped areas and increase the income of low-income groups, the development of social public undertakings lags behind. Therefore, in order to alleviate the economic structure imbalance, the current need to slow down the economic growth, from the pursuit of double-digit growth gradually into the pursuit of such as about 8% growth. Recently, we actively eliminated the backward production capacity, the abolition of a part of the "two-high" product export tax rebate, increase energy-saving work, control the bank lending scale and growth, the rectification of local financing platform, the real estate industry to regulate, as well as to raise the minimum wage standards, etc.　　Conducive to economic restructuring and the transformation of the mode of development. Some people worry that our economy will be "two dip" because of these measures, which is not conducive to steady and rapid economic development. This recognition is not correct. The current economic growth rate of a certain degree of correction is the demand for macro-control, is conducive to the transfer mode, the structure, not what "two times". According to the current development trend, this year's economic growth rate will remain above 9%. If you do notCan tolerate a certain degree of growth correction, but also want to protect double-digit growth, then, the transfer mode, the structure will be frustrated, even more serious structural imbalance, and eventually to a "hard landing."　　Only by carrying out the scientific concept of development, and changing the concept of development, from the pursuit of double-digit growth to the growth of 8% or so, can we create a better environment and conditions for adjusting the economic structure and changing the mode of economic development. In fact, under the present system and policy structure, we do not have to worry about the bottom of the economy. Now, in particular, local governments still have a strong incentive to pursue rapid economic growth. Therefore, the most difficult is to control the rapid economic growth caused by the resource constraints, environmental degradation, inflation, the disparity between rich and poor and so on.　　This puts forward the urgent demand for promoting the government transformation and constructing the service-oriented government. The author points out that reform is a powerful impetus to speed up the transformation of economic development mode by deepening reform and adjusting the policy impetus transfer mode and adjusting the structure of the proposal.　　It is very important to deepen reform and adjust policies, such as improving independent innovation ability, developing strategic emerging industries, promoting energy saving and emission reduction, etc. In deepening the reform, the Government should focus on the transformation and the financial transformation. In 2005, the proposal of the central government to formulate the "Eleven-Five" plan, in order to change the mode of economic growth, made it clear that speeding up the reform of administrative system is the key to deepen reforms and improve opening-up level. This shows that at that time we realized that the transformation of economic growth must be driven and ensured by the transformation of government. "Twelve-Five" The planning proposal emphasizes again, pushes forward the administrative system reform, further transforms the government function. In speeding up the transformation of the mode of economic development and the adjustment of economic structure, we should emphasize the transformation of government, that is, from the economy-oriented government to the service-oriented government and deal with the relationship between the government and the market and the enterprises.　　The government can no longer take the high growth rate of GDP as its main goal, but should put the public service in the first place. In the process of government transformation, the financial transformation is very important. The proposal calls for a positive construction of a fiscal system conducive to the transformation of the mode of economic development. This requires the financial from the economic construction-oriented finance to public service-oriented finance, fiscal expenditure is mainly applied to public services rather than economic construction. In addition to the necessary infrastructure, the economic construction expenditure is mainly used for "three agriculture", such as water conservancy, improved varieties, promotion of advanced agricultural technology, direct compensation of grain and so on.　　The public service expenditure should be greatly increased, including education, health care, employment training and service, social security, public cultural construction, and so on, so as to effectively raise the income and consumption level of the public, especially those with low income, and increase the proportion of household consumption to GDP. It is also important to adjust policy. For example, the long-term implementation of low-cost policies for resources and factors of production is actually encouraging extensive expansion. In the future, major adjustments are needed to relax price controls, so that the prices of various resources and factors can reflect market supply and demand, resource scarcity and environmental damage costs. Another example, the adjustment of economic structure, the need to accelerate the development of services, but the current business tax in China's service industryThe tax burden is higher than the secondary VAT burden of about 2%, which obviously is not conducive to the adjustment of industrial structure, there are various restrictions on private capital to enter the monopoly industry policy, also not conducive to these sectors of technological progress and efficiency improvement, the need for adjustment.