Solution of agricultural product circulation dilemma: middlemen charge exorbitant fees to be compressed

At present, the multiple circulation links can not be canceled, the reasonable profit of the circulation enterprises "one-cut" approach is not appropriate, the outlet lies in market-oriented means to enhance the organization of agricultural products circulation, "caijing" reporter Gio Jian vegetable prices, vegetable farmers did not increase significantly, vegetables circulation link Dayton into CHOUFSO. Since the winter, although the local government's "vegetable basket Project" emergency start, but the price of food prices have not completely stopped.　　December 11, the National Bureau of Statistics released November data showed that CPI rose 5.1% per cent year-on-year, a 28-month high, including vegetables in the various food prices rose up to 11.7%, in the eight categories of commodities, the highest price rise, the price of fresh vegetables rose 21.3% per cent, the control of food prices still arduous task. According to Wangjun, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, China's vegetable circulation cost accounts for about Two-thirds or one-second of the final vegetable price, excessive circulation and high circulation cost are the important reasons for the increase of vegetable prices.　　He believes that the establishment of rural production cooperatives, the realization of "agricultural super Butt", is to solve the fundamental countermeasures of high vegetable prices. At the same time, some cities have raised 0 of profits to sell vegetables, which are considered an unsustainable act of intervening in the market.　　"Caijing" reporter interviewed a number of relevant people believe that the current production of agricultural products, processing, circulation is too low organizational level, the participation of thousands of households are bound to bring a high cost of circulation. In this situation, left to the administrative means to compress the circulation cost space in fact very limited. "Middlemen are still essential at this stage and they are not profitable," he said. The highest is actually ' institutional cost '.　　Song Ze, director of the Circulation Industry Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told Caijing. At the same time, the Ministry of Commerce in recent years to promote the "Hainan agricultural products Modern circulation Pilot" also accelerated the pace, the pilot is designed to build a long-term "to promote the new model of modern agricultural circulation." Liu Pu, director of China Commercial Circulation Productivity Promotion center, told Caijing reporter, "The starting point and foothold of Hainan pilot project is how to improve the organization degree of production, processing and circulation of agricultural products." "Financial" reporter also learned that the Ministry of Commerce led the "Domestic Trade Development" Twelve-Five "planning framework" will be the first to rise to national-level special planning.　　For agricultural products and other domestic trade circulation development, there will be a lot of innovative policies appear.　　Two calls, the middle laughs? From the global perspective, agricultural products circulation mainly has the East Asian model, Western Europe model, North America model, its circulation main body is the wholesale market, the cooperatives and the supermarket chain store respectively.　　China is the first model, the entire chain of circulation can be summed up as follows: procurement, transportation, wholesale (wholesale and level two wholesale), retail. According to the Ministry of Commerce circulation Industry Promotion Center data show that China through the wholesale agricultural products trade in the proportion of agricultural products as high as 70%, of which the city's consumption of vegetables 90% through the wholesale market of agricultural products circulation. It is expected that by 2015, the number of agricultural products in supermarkets in China's large and medium-sized cities will develop from 10% to 15% to 30%-50%。 In response to the current "vegetable prices to the last kilometer," the "financial" reporter survey found that, on the surface, compared with farmers, the middleman's profit is indeed much higher than the number of times.　　However, in the face of a large number of scattered acquisition objects, the middleman master production base, production farmers and the quality of each batch of products is not only expensive, but also difficult.　　In addition, because the National trading platform information is imperfect, the middleman itself must bear the high risk cost.　　In Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Logistics Park, a middleman from Yunnan to Shouguang vegetables Wang Zuren told Caijing reporter, at the beginning of May this year, the price of onions is 2600 yuan/ton, but when he traveled from Yunnan to cost price of 1950 yuan/ton will be transported to the Shouguang, the price fell to 1800 yuan/ton, all of a sudden loss of tens of thousands of pieces. At present, the circulation of agricultural products in China is mainly in the room temperature logistics or natural logistics, and the circulation process loses a lot. Fruits and vegetables in the picking, transportation, storage and other logistics links on the loss rate of about 25%-30%, while the developed country's loss rate is controlled under 5%, the United States only 1%-2%.　　In addition, because of inadequate packaging and storage conditions, a considerable amount of wastage will also be incurred, which should also be included in the circulation cost of vegetables.　　After the vegetables are transported to the wholesale market, there will be four major costs, such as market management fee, fixed pitch fee, wages, losses and the daily life fee of the middleman.　　And in the vegetable retail link, the middleman's expense has: The booth fee, the loss expense, the packing fee, the transportation expense, the vehicle road maintenance fee, the service expense, the insurance, the business administration expense and so on.　　In all of these costs, only the market to the middlemen charged exorbitant costs exist compressed space, the other parts of the compressed space is not small. "Now Chengguan are fighting small vendors and promoting government-planned community markets that are neither convenient for people to buy vegetables, nor to lower prices," he said. Once the market has formed a monopoly, there is also the possibility of charging high prices.　　"Li Sanguin, a scholar who has long been concerned about agricultural prices, said to Caijing. It is generally believed that the intermediary function of circulation should be given proper evaluation.　　Change from wholesale market to production consumption the way to meet directly is of course very ideal, but if there is no alternative to the wholesale market system will not succeed, because the latter in circulation played an important role in supply and demand, information extraction, transport distribution, inventory adjustment and other functions.　　The recent emergence of "a large number of potatoes in Inner Mongolia to transport to Shandong after the transportation to Beijing," as an example, its existence is also reasonable, because the need to use Shouguang Wholesale platform for turnover and distribution. "This is the rationality of the wholesale market and should not be across."　　"Li Sanguin said. Hainan pilot circulation reform according to statistics, in the United States, agricultural e-commerce accounted for 8% of total E-commerce, in various industries in the fifth place. At present, the organization degree of agricultural production in China is low, and the agricultural products dispersed by the farmers have entered the big market through small scale, low organizational level and decentralized distributors. ThisIn the process, the transaction cost of agricultural products increases in turn.　　In order to realize the stable passage of Nangnana and to explore the modern circulation mode of agricultural products suitable for China, November 8, the Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Finance and Hainan Province People's government held a comprehensive pilot working meeting on the modern circulation of agricultural products in Hainan Province in Haikou. The reason why choose Hainan Province, because it is an important large-scale production vegetable base, at the same time its vegetable transportation distance is also the longest, because needs to heat preservation, the transportation condition is also most harsh, has the full representativeness. In addition, there are four problems in the circulation of vegetables in Hainan, that is, the problem of selling problems occurs frequently, the additional cost is high, the price fluctuates greatly, and is susceptible to the risk of sudden events.　　If the above problems can be effectively solved in the pilot, it will be of good reference for all parts of the country. When it comes to the purpose of "quantifying" the pilot, Hainan Province deputy Governor Calm "Chen said, hope that through the pilot will reduce the circulation of 2-3, the circulation loss of l0% or so, after the processing rate reached 90%, emergency store capacity of 100,000 tons, the market regulation and control ability is significantly improved, basic formation to solve agricultural products" sell difficult "" buy difficult "　　Long-term mechanism. The pilot of the three promotion model for the "Agricultural super docking, agricultural zero docking, agricultural batch zero docking" is the point before the chain into chains.　　"A reporter who knows the situation told Caijing." According to the "Hainan agricultural product modern circulation comprehensive pilot implementation Plan", in the pilot period, will complete the Hainan Agricultural Product information Service platform, the modern logistics comprehensive service platform, the Hainan Agricultural Product Center Wholesale market, the Tianjin Bohai Sea Tropical (Hainan) agricultural Product Trade Logistics Center, the 25 Origin collection center,　　15 main sales Area Hainan agricultural products trading distribution zone, 40 sales and marketing business flow chain project construction, the total investment of about 3 billion yuan. "In the area of construction and distribution centers in the sale of land construction Sales zone, they have established a community of interests, called ' Chain Master ', the purpose is to change the previous kind of your high price I do not buy the situation, to form cooperation with each other. "The pilot's main participant, Hainan Yong Qing Modern Tropical Agriculture Co., Ltd. Vice president Koyong told Caijing reporter," Everyone is a ledger, you and I is a family, can form a stable cooperative relationship. "According to the pilot arrangement, will build 25 circulation pipeline (between cities), a total of 40 chains, link them is" Chain Master "," Chain Master "to the two ends of the industrial chain extension.　　The most important feature of the pilot is to allow dealers to link their interests together and invest together in infrastructure construction.　　In the ideal situation, the distribution center and sales zone between the place of origin and the sale area, just like the establishment of a train station with vegetable circulation, the scattered goods are transported to the place of sale through the centralized transportation, which can greatly reduce the transportation cost. This is similar to the Japan-US agricultural Cooperation Organization. JA, as the main supply group in the Japanese wholesale market, has the advantages of fresh-keeping, processing, packaging, transportation, information network and other modern logistics, which will bring together the agricultural produce of farmers and unify the sale. In Japan, 80%-90% of agricultural products through the wholesale market this link reached the hands of consumers.　　If the pilot can be successful, its proceeds will involve all aspects of the field of agricultural product circulation, not only can improve the current situation of poor infrastructure, but also can really realize the traceability mechanism of agricultural products sales. However, some scholars point out that the "stubborn" diversification of farmers ' production patterns will increase the cost of the pilot.　　For example, supermarkets such as Wal-Mart itself have a large sales volume, but small farmers can not meet their procurement requirements, which makes the former still have to talk about the same family. In addition, from Hainan la cuisine to Beijing, must build cold storage.　　However, after the establishment of the cold storage, Hainan dishes only a few months a year, the rest of the period who will bear the operating costs? According to Chuangping, deputy director of the Ministry of Finance, to support the pilot work, the central government will arrange for three consecutive years special grant funds, this year has allocated 270 million yuan.　　According to the recent introduction of the "Hainan agricultural products modern circulation comprehensive pilot project operation measures", the pilot project contractor can be subsidized loans, financial assistance, to award for compensation and other financial support, of which the maximum can be 10 million yuan loans discount.　　It is reported that the application to participate in the pilot work a total of more than 60 enterprises, whether they are eligible for subsidies, will be the end of December to reveal the results.　　Reduce institutional costs the commentary of the People's Daily, November 25, entitled "A combination of prices to stabilize vegetables", said the general idea of regulating vegetable prices should be "sparse" mainly, not only by "limit order", only really take into account of vegetable growers, vegetables, merchants, residents and other interests, regulation and control can have lasting effect. Song told the "financial" reporter, "Twelve-Five" period, agricultural circulation should revolve around how to reduce the "institutional cost" fuss.　　For those unreasonable charges should be really prohibited, for "green channel" such a reasonable policy, should continue to adhere to, and form a long-term mechanism. Some scholars suggest that China should expedite the formulation of "agricultural and sideline products wholesale market law" and "agricultural and sideline products wholesale market standards" and other relevant regulations. At present, for example, China does not have a clear standard for vegetable transporters, and in many places only vans can be loaded and able to travel on urban roads.　　In fact, these vehicles will be fined when they are found by traffic police, on the grounds of "mixed passenger and freight". In addition, according to China's Land management law, the imposition of a vegetable garden on the outskirts of the city should pay the "new vegetable garden Development and Construction fund".　　However, some local governments in attracting investment, most of the relief Fund and other preferential conditions, leading to the decline of vegetable base in suburbs.　　"Caijing" reporter found that participation in the circulation of agricultural products, most of the parties believe that, in the "Twelve-Five" period, vigorously improve the weak logistics infrastructure, is to promote domestic circulation efficiency is one of the important ways. The practice of China's private capital investment in the wholesale market has been criticized by many scholars. According to the U.S. and Japan and other foreign experience, the wholesale market itself has a certain public welfare nature, the United States,Japan (Central wholesale market) is the government in the investment construction, free delivery to the company commercial operation.　　Some academics say the Chinese government is not doing enough in this area.　　At present, the relevant ministries are increasing the agricultural products in the field of "dredging" efforts.　　It is reported that, in the Ministry of Commerce led the "Domestic Trade Development" Twelve-Five "planning Framework", the promotion of domestic and rural circulation industry and agricultural products circulation industry development, occupy a lot of space. At the end of November, the Office of China Banking Regulatory Commission issued an emergency notice on increasing the support of agricultural production and processing circulation credit, also pointed out that to "base on the overall development of the national economy, to support the production, processing and circulation of agricultural products as the focus of current credit services, continue to maintain the momentum of In accordance with the principles of market-oriented agricultural products production, processing and circulation of all aspects of financial support.