The development of the rich and gold nature Reserve

Southern Weekend reporter Xu Nan from Beijing, China's nature reserve has always been the government's business. This time, entrepreneurs are trying to break through, their goal is "private, civil, private", the government returned to the supervision function. Private nature reserve, in the cloudy and uncertain environment, the future towards the difficult bu.　　(勾犇/map) to protect the forest, help animals, a group of Chinese star Rich have recently unveiled a kind of charity.　　December 2010, Alibaba's Ma Yun, Hundred Ouyaping, Beijing Zhong-kun's Huang Nu wave, Chun Hua Capital Fred Six, Shanghai Fosun Guo, the Old Cow Foundation Niu Gensheng and so on amounted to 16 people, applied to the Sichuan provincial civil affairs department to set up "the Sichuan Nature Conservation Foundation".　　They are determined to be at least 50 million yuan of real money, into less than 100,000 hectares of alpine jungle.　　They agreed to each other, rebuffed all media, in all have not yet settled, low-key, low-key, and then low-key. They also intend to invite Tencent's Ma, Lei Ding, a broad zhangyuehua and other entrepreneurs to participate.　　It will be one of the richest people in China with the highest gold content.　　Rich public welfare, the Alxa Ecological Association is regarded as a pioneer, a few years ago, united a group of local entrepreneurs, 100,000 yuan per person each year to start, in Inner Mongolia to carry out ecological and community support projects. Now the Sichuan project seems more ambitious, and they want to create a model of nature reserves in China.　　But clearly, there will also be suspicions and challenges. The rich have been caught in the money-sucking machine. China's nature reserves have always been the government's business. Of the 2,538 nature reserves in China, 70% are managed by the forestry sector, while the remaining 30% are dispersed in ministries such as the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Land, the Ministry of Construction and the Maritime Bureau.　　This time, entrepreneurs are trying to break through, their goal is "private, civil, private", the government returned to the supervision function. The threshold is not low.　　The Executive Directors ' qualifications set out in the foundation's draft constitution are: "The first pledges are no less than 3 million yuan" and "voluntary pledges not less than 5 million yuan after establishment".　　If all goes well, the 50 million start-up funds will be used for the Pingwu County and motianling in Sichuan Province-the former is one of the 25 richest biodiversity regions in the world, while the latter is home to more than 30 species of protected animals, such as giant pandas, golden monkeys and takin. The United States is The Nature Conservancy (TNC, hereinafter referred to below). The NGO, which is not a household name in China, claims to be protecting 6 million hectares and more than 1600 nature reserves in the United States.　　The Chairman of the Expert committee, Yang Peng, has the impression that "scientists and capitalists", "it has a very strong ability to raise funds around the world, highly investment banking, is the world NGO in the context of the money-sucking machine." In fact, TNC's senior team is itself a rich club.　　The incumbent board chairman, Mark Tessec, was a director and general manager of Goldman Sachs, while his predecessor, Henry Paulson, was former US Treasury secretary. "October 2008, TNCAsia office in Beijing, General Secretary-General Zhang was Ericsson China Executive vice president, he has been concerned about environmental protection, who is active in environmental protection, he knows, word of mouth.　　"said a TNC staff member. At the beginning of 2010, MA became the first Chinese in TNC Global Board of Directors.　　and Niu Gensheng, Ouyaping, Huang Nu bo, Hu and other people, are the new TNC China's director soon. Their influence spreads along their personal circle, "every industry is a circle."　　"In the opinion of a TNC staff, such resource logic is very natural."　　In Yang Peng's words, this is a "entrepreneur-oriented elite culture", in China, entrepreneurs have been more and more unwilling to support the status of simple, and directly into the public good behavior.　　The new TNC Chinese directors desperately need a big public event that can be drilled in person. "In order to develop, he can carry money directly to" the preparation of the Sichuan project, with a name of the sun, "social welfare-oriented protection."　　The basic model is: Entrepreneurs from the foundation, coupled with the formation of TNC professional team, while the money, while the professional ability. But how do you make sure these people aren't developing?　　TNC China project leader Zhang Shuang often face similar questions. "If you want to develop it, he doesn't have to pay for it. "Zhang Shuang stressed," nothing can block him, not the need for us this token, he has a long talk with any county, is more convenient than talking to me. "In his view," Now, to make a sanctuary, in fact, is to wear a handcuffs first. We could have provided more money, and the foundation's interest would have supported the cost of protection. "Strength needless to be said. Foundation registration is not easy, a TNC staff said, "a leader of the Ministry of Leadership to the local leadership said:" Let him go, he can find you money, register a foundation 3 million, you province inside 3 million more than a good thing. There is a ' chemical reaction ' immediately underneath. "It was specially told that local governments should not disclose their lists," he said.　　Millionaires should avoid chasing, rumors and speculations as much as possible. In the fall of 2010, they visited the project point to hear the executive team report. Painter Zeng The idea of building an experiential art center in the mountains.　　And Mr Ma and others hope: the network interaction with the protection of the combination. This idea makes staff Jiang Jidong feel fresh, "people can see the infrared monitoring in the protected area through the network, can claim some simulated animals online." How can we think of such an idea? "We don't want to do business," Jiang Jidong admits. But local governments have made a plan for a snow-topped eco-tourism. "In the end, the idea of the Sichuan project is" We are arranging business activities outside the reserve area, looking for some internationally good low-density eco-holiday companies to bid, local governments to tender, and later we are a watchdog and ecological advisor role. In the business, there is also a need for community development to have aCommitments, such as employment, education, infrastructure construction, etc.　　The idea is almost perfect. TNC's first protected area in the United States was won at a price of 7500 dollars. The wetland, which was being sold to property developers, built a seaside villa.　　The different land systems that determine the "buy protection" model in the United States can hardly be reproduced directly in China, and the resulting uncertainty may, at some point in the future, challenge the perfect idea.　　"Not bad money", bad new feeling?　　The most confident thing about the Sichuan project is that every Chinese protected area faces the same problem in varying degrees-money. In the United States, 70% of the reserves come from government finance, 10% from society and 20% from the market, while China's natural reserve capital is 40% from Finance, 5% from society and 55% from the market.　　From this composition it is also easy to see: Because of the lack of money, China's large number of protected areas, is actually "operating", between protection and development struggling. In the 1990 's, there was a rush to report the nature reserve, but the financial investment was limited, and the nature reserves regulation clearly restricted the production and development activities within the protected area. In 2005, SEPA reported 9 cases of violations, mostly mining and road building.　　Protected areas are sometimes a real hindrance to development. An environmental law scholar, once in the Ministry of Environmental Protection met an angry director, holding a paper with a red chapter in his hand-a large enterprise with only half a piece of paper to modify the boundaries of the protected area, the actual reason is that the protected area affected by the enterprise is being implemented projects. Then "are busy to cancel the protected areas, downgrade, change the border, the smaller the better, or the development of the place to let out."　　The scholar said. Lu Zhi, director of the Landscape Conservation Center, said: "2000 years after the establishment of the protected areas, no one has no money in the situation is very common, especially in the west." "Not bad money" is the Gospel of the nature Reserve's dream. However, no matter who acts as the protector, it is impossible to avoid the problems of industry, development and benefit distribution in the surrounding area. If we cannot ensure the development rights and interests of the Aboriginal people, they can only seek the living space in the protected areas, so it is very difficult to protect them from becoming a mere empty paper. Wang Yue, former vice-chairman of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and a member of the World Conservation Commission, said: "Many of the protected areas are now two extremes-either death protection or overexploitation." "In China's first" public service incubator, "founder Lu Chao, environmental public action is less likely to be effective in the short term, so only about 3% of the money abroad is thrown into the environmental field.　　By contrast, China's rich are concerned about environmental issues and have a high degree of commitment. But the public is worried because it has seen too many luxurious clubs, golf courses, equestrian venues in scenic spots and some nature reserves to become rich in the backyard, repeatedly violating protective boundaries. Take Changbai Mountain as an example, in the "all-out play to create a world-class tourist destination", planning 49 scenic spots in many in-depth laws strictly prohibit tourism ecological core zone and buffer; also plan11 Five-star hotels, 15-20 Spa resorts, 5 ski resorts, 3 golf clubs ...　　According to the "Man and the Biosphere" disclosed that in 2006-2008 years, two times in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve Wildlife survey showed that almost all wild animals have a sharp downward trend in population.　　Backed by strong social resources and operational capabilities, the rich are confident that they can create a barrier, prevent disorderly overexploitation and protect the livelihoods of the Aborigines. But the "development" logic they face is just as powerful. Games are not always easy. A public-interest commentator sighs: "There are very few people in the business and government that can stand in the way, and perhaps only the rich are the most capable of coping if they want to." "It's a novelty for them, never before." "Jiang Jidong so described.　　This may be important for entrepreneurs who have already proved themselves in business. (This reporter Chieh, intern Wang Yutong is also helpful to this article)