The quality of drinking water is not optimistic Chinese rural residents ' drinking water faces two problems

At present, the problems of drinking water in rural areas are related to the lag of legislative guarantee of drinking water safety.　　At present, the existing laws and regulations, normative documents to protect rural drinking water played a certain role, but because there is no more perfect legal system of rural drinking water protection, no specific provisions for rural drinking water security, the actual operation and implementation is very difficult.　　Inadequate legislation on drinking water security, lack of the content of rural drinking water security, lack of agricultural non-point source and domestic waste pollution control laws and regulations; there is no corresponding legal norm for the problem of resource water shortage, there is no establishment of small-scale centralized water intake and decentralized water quality monitoring system in rural areas.　　Although the "Eleven-Five" period, the relevant departments through the implementation of rural drinking water Safety project construction, to solve the 220 million rural population drinking water security problems, but China's rural drinking water quality protection situation is still grim.　　Recently, the Ministry of Education's key research base of humanities and social Sciences Huazhong Normal University China Rural Research Center, organized more than 200 teachers and students to the national 31 provinces 246 villages of 3,656 farmers on the "rural residents drinking water" problem conducted a questionnaire survey and interview.　　The results show that more than 40 million farmers still have water shortage in different degree. "At this stage, the rural residents drinking water problem can not wait, not energy consumption, can not be dragged, the State should introduce relevant policies to be a comprehensive and integrated solution."　　"Deng, a professor at Central China Normal University, told the law Daily," the head of the research project.　　Lack of water and water quality are two big problems. It is understood that the survey based on the "Hundred Village Decade Observation" project group this large platform, has been in the country 258 villages 4000 households set up a fixed observation point, so the results are more authoritative. According to the survey results, the water shortage in China is mainly embodied in two aspects: one is regional water shortage. Survey data show that 19.3% of the surveyed farmers in different degrees of water shortage problem. Among them, the proportion of water shortage farmers in the West area is 31.8%, the proportion of rural water shortage in dispersed residential villages is 20.6%, the proportion of concentrated residential village is 14.4%, and the proportion of farmers in plateau and mountainous villages is 36.5% and 29.9%, which is much higher than other terrain areas. Second, seasonal water shortage. 95% of farmers lack water for about two months each year, and less than 1% per cent of households with water shortages of more than three months.　　The water shortage season is more commonly seen at the end of the year.　　For the quality of drinking water, the attitude of the farmers surveyed are not the same: 62.3% of the surveyed households approved drinking water quality, 10.8% of the farmers to the quality of drinking water dissatisfaction, 2.5% of the farmers think the local water quality is poor. According to the investigation, the farmers who adopt the water pipe drinking water and well drilling method have higher approval degree of water quality, 66.9% and 60.2% respectively, and the farmers who adopt river or Brook water intake method have the lowest approval degree of water quality, only 31.2%. Coastal area 30.5% of farmers think the local water quality is good, higher than other regional level, Southwest 14% and 13.1% of farmers in northeast China think local water quality is poor, the water quality problem is more prominent than other areas.　　Only 50.7% of the farmers surveyed in the Highland area approved the local water quality, and 30% of the farmers in the fishing zone thought the local water quality was poor.　　The problems of rural drinking water management system, "Hundred Village ten Years observation" the project team proposed can from the water storage project, the water Saving project, the water Project, the water Transfer project and the Clean Water Project and so on "five big projects" to solve the rural residents drinking water difficult problem, but some deeper problems and causes still waits for further analysis and the solution.　　However, according to the reporter understand, the current rural drinking water management system has a big problem. A township cadre, who declined to be named, told reporters at present, a common phenomenon in many townships is that centralized water supply facilities are only heavy construction and neglect management, or some simply build no matter, coupled with less funds, insufficient investment, resulting in some water facilities due to lack of funds for normal maintenance, resulting in the aging of facilities　　, the pipe network breakage, thus makes the tap water become "the long water", causes the water resource waste to be serious. "In addition, many villages and towns for water quality safety testing, water resources protection and the standard charge for the collection and so did not develop a complete system, even if there is, but the implementation of supervision is not in place."　　The township cadre said the phenomenon further exacerbated the difficulty of drinking water in rural areas, especially in areas where water is scarce. For the "five major projects" mentioned by the project team, the township cadres think that in the construction of drinking water safety projects, there are a lot of problems in the project, "not strictly according to the requirements of the standard construction, the implementation of the basic infrastructure system is not strict, the construction process is not reasonable, not according to the requirements of the preparation of construction organization plan, the construction site　　Individual engineering pipeline burying depth is not enough, installation is not standard, even long-term exposure.　　Rural drinking water problems still need to be legislated to crack some people in the industry pointed out that the current rural drinking water problems, and drinking water security legislation in the field of the lag has a certain relationship. It is understood that the current law related to the protection of rural drinking water sources, such as environmental protection Law, law, water pollution control, and so on, which mainly through the provisions of functional areas, drinking source, as well as the supervision and management of the outfall to realize the protection of rural drinking source.　　The newly revised water pollution prevention and control law not only included the legislative purpose of guaranteeing drinking water safety, but also added a chapter on the drinking water source protection, and special trains the contents of the rural and rural pollution control. In addition, in 1989, the State Environmental Protection Bureau, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Water, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources promulgated the "Water source area pollution control regulations" and some local legislation indirectly related to the protection of rural drinking water source. There are some related technical standards, norms and planning of drinking water quality, such as "surface water environmental quality standards", "living and drinking water sanitation standards and drinking water quality hygiene norms", "drinking water source water quality standards" and the 2006 State Council executive Meeting considered and principles of the "National Rural Drinking Water Safety project" Eleven-Five　　"Planning" and so on. However, according to the Yangtze River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau, an unnamed senior engineer revealed that the aboveLaws and regulations, normative documents have played a certain role in protecting rural drinking water, but because of the lack of a perfect legal system of rural drinking water protection, no specific provisions for rural drinking water safety, the actual operation and implementation is very difficult. "Lack of legislation on drinking water safety, lack of the content of rural drinking water security, lack of agricultural non-point source and domestic waste pollution control laws and regulations; there is no corresponding legal norm on the problem of resource shortage, there is no establishment of small-scale centralized water intake and decentralized water quality monitoring system in rural areas.　　The engineer said.　　It is reported that the legislation on rural drinking water security has aroused the attention of relevant departments. The reporter learned from insiders, last year, the Ministry of Water Development Research Center held a "rural drinking safety laws and regulations of the security system Research" internal audit. On the basis of extensive investigation, the relevant departments explained the present situation of rural drinking water safety legislation, analyzed the problems existing in the legislation of rural drinking water safety and the legislative needs in the future, and centered on the three legislation of the management system, the construction and operation of rural water supply project, the Rural drinking water source protection,　　The suggestion on the construction of rural drinking water safety law and regulation system is given. In this respect, the senior engineer also suggested that, because of China's urban and rural differences, rural drinking water security has its particularity, therefore, should be based on China's economic and social development situation, to establish suitable for China's national conditions of rural drinking water security legal system. In the legislative model, the first is to formulate a special law on the protection of drinking water sources, and to integrate the protection of urban and rural drinking source into a uniform legal norm Third, the relevant departments of rural drinking Water management make corresponding regulations. (Reporter Douxiao)