Three red lines for water resources management

Connect the grass roots to take out a small white card, in the Intelligent RF Card controller Brush Two, with the help of nylon tube guide, water from the wells pumped directly into the wheat field, there is no waste. Years did not finish, Shandong province Huantai County Lu home village farmers Yusuli to their own wheat field watering, "before the field irrigation, open channel to drink full before the turn of the wheat field." Now, water ' where to hit ', not wasted, can save 30%.　　Huantai County through the active promotion of water-saving technology, the county's agricultural year more than 45 million cubic meters of water-saving, irrigation water utilization coefficient to increase to 0.8. Huantai County is a microcosm of Shandong province.　　As one of the first provinces to carry out the most stringent water resources management system in China, Shandong made it clear that 2011 will strictly control the red line of total annual water use of 26.7 billion cubic meters, and continue to vigorously promote water-saving technology and supporting facilities, and further improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources. The central document of 2011 made it clear that the most stringent water resources management system, the establishment of total water consumption control, water efficiency control and water functional area limit the "three system", the corresponding delineation of water consumption, water efficiency and water functional areas limit the "three red lines."　　In order to hold this "three red lines", a document put forward a series of rigid requirements and hard measures, and explicitly called for the establishment of water resources management responsibility and assessment system. Water shortage requires the most strict management of the shortage of freshwater resources is a major national situation in China, the weak water conservancy facilities is China's economic and social development of a prominent constraint. China's freshwater resources accounted for only 6% of the world's total, compared to the arable land accounted for a lower 3%, per capita water resources only for the world average level of 28%, than the per capita arable land accounted for a lower 12%.　　At present, China's annual average water shortage of 40 billion cubic meters, 2/3 of the city of different degrees of water shortage, groundwater over the mining area of 190,000 square kilometers, water function area Water Quality index is only 42%. Since the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening-up, China's water resources conservation and protection work has been strengthened, and the water resources protection system, which is the core of water functional area management, has been preliminarily formed. But overall, China's water resources management is still more extensive, the main performance is "one low, one high, double": Agricultural irrigation water efficiency is low, still is lower than the advanced country 0.2-0.3; The water consumption of million-yuan industry is higher than that of developed countries. River and lake pollution and groundwater exceeding mining are still serious, some areas "　　A river is polluted with water, and more than half of the city's groundwater is contaminated. With the development of industrialization and urbanization and the influence of global climate change, China's water resources, water ecology and water environment are facing more severe situation. To that end, the central document of 2011 made it clear that the most stringent water resources management system, through the establishment of "three systems", the establishment of "three red lines", to focus on changing the current water resources overexploitation, water waste, serious problems such as water pollution, so that water resources in China's economic distribution, industrial development,　　Structural adjustment has become an important constraint, control, and pilot indicators. Establish water resourcesSource development and control of the red line, the strict implementation of the total water use control document proposed that by 2020, the national total annual consumption control within 670 billion cubic meters. Hold this red line, the key is to promote water resources management from water supply management to water demand management transformation. In order to achieve the national control target of total water consumption, the first document calls for the implementation of water distribution in important rivers and basins, the establishment of four-level total water Intake Control index system of watershed, province, city and county, and three "strict": strict implementation of the water resources demonstration system of construction projects, and ordered to stop without authorization to start construction or put into production. , strict access to water licensing and approval management, the total intake of water has reached or exceeded the control indicators of the region, suspend the approval of the construction project new water intake, the total intake of water close to the control index area, restricting the approval of new water intake; strict management and protection of groundwater, as soon as possible to approve and announce the prohibition of mining and limited mining scope, and gradually reduce the amount of groundwater excess,　　Realize the balance of mining and compensation.　　Establish water efficiency control red line, resolutely curb water waste a document proposed that by 2020, million gross domestic product and million industrial increase in the value of water consumption significantly reduced, the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation is increased to more than 0.55. In order to hold this red line, a document proposes that the Water efficiency index system of regional, industry and water products should be formulated as soon as possible, and that the water-saving work should be carried out throughout the whole process of economic and social development and mass production and life. The documents require strengthening water-saving supervision and management, strictly controlling the construction of high water consumption projects, and implementing the design, construction and commissioning of water-saving facilities and main projects at the same time.　　In order to improve water use efficiency, documents require to make a mandatory standard for water conservation, to eliminate water technology, equipment and products that do not meet water saving standards as soon as possible, to speed up water-saving technology reform, popularize agricultural efficient water-saving technologies, and strengthen the management of water saving in enterprises.　　The establishment of water function zone limit the red line, strict control of the total amount of sewage, the paper puts forward that by 2020, the water quality of main rivers and lakes was improved obviously, and the water quality of urban water supply was fully met. In order to achieve this goal, the paper proposes that according to the objective requirements of the water function area, strictly check the sewage capacity, strict control the total amount of pollutant discharged into the river and lake, and set up a water quality evaluation system to strengthen the supervision and management of the water function area, especially to strengthen the protection and monitoring of　　The document requires Governments at all levels to limit the total amount of emissions as an important basis for water pollution control and pollution reduction, and to restrict the approval of new water intake and sewage discharge in areas where the amount of sewage discharged has exceeded the limit of total discharge in the water function area. The responsibility system of water resources management highlights the most stringent water resources management systems, in addition to the "Three system" and "three red lines", a document requires the establishment of water resources management responsibility and assessment system, and clear, county-level local government leaders in the area of water resources management and protection work of the total responsibility. The paper requires that the main control indicators, such as the development and utilization of water resources and conservation, should be regarded as the "hard constraint" of national economy and society, and included in the relevant cadresThe examination and evaluation system, the assessment results to the cadres competent departments, as the relevant cadres of local government comprehensive assessment of the important basis. In order to provide technical support for strengthening supervision and assessment, the paper also proposes to strengthen monitoring capacity of water and water quality, tamp industry foundation and improve management level.