用JAVA打造自己的QQ(三)

來源:互聯網
上載者:User
ServerSocket類

  由於SSClient使用了流通訊端,所以服務程式也要使用流通訊端。這就要建立一個ServerSocket對象,ServerSocket有幾個建構函式,最簡單的是ServerSocket(int port),當使用ServerSocket(int port)建立一個ServerSocket對象,port參數傳遞連接埠號碼,這個連接埠就是伺服器監聽串連請求的連接埠,如果在這時出現錯誤將拋出IOException異常對象,否則將建立ServerSocket對象並開始準備接收串連請求。

  接下來服務程式進入無限迴圈之中,無限迴圈從調用ServerSocket的accept()方法開始,在調用開始後accept()方法將導致調用線程阻塞直到串連建立。在建立串連後accept()返回一個最近建立的Socket對象,該Socket對象綁定了客戶程式的IP地址或連接埠號碼。

  由於存在單個服務程式與多個客戶程式通訊的可能,所以服務程式響應客戶程式不應該花很多時間,否則客戶程式在得到服務前有可能花很多時間來等待通訊的建立,然而服務程式和客戶程式的會話有可能是很長的(這與電話類似),因此為加快對客戶程式串連請求的響應,典型的方法是伺服器主機運行一個後台線程,這個後台線程處理服務程式和客戶程式的通訊。

  為了示範我們在上面談到的慨念並完成SSClient程式,下面我們建立一個SSServer程式,程式將建立一個ServerSocket對象來監聽連接埠10000的串連請求,如果成功服務程式將等待串連輸入,開始一個線程處理串連,並響應來自客戶程式的命令。下面就是這段程式的代碼:

  Listing 3: SSServer.java


// SSServer.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;

class SSServer
{
 public static void main (String [] args) throws IOException
 { 
  System.out.println ("Server starting.../n");

  // Create a server socket that listens for incoming connection
  // requests on port 10000.

  ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket (10000);

  while (true)
  {
   // Listen for incoming connection requests from client
   // programs, establish a connection, and return a Socket
   // object that represents this connection.

   Socket s = server.accept ();

   System.out.println ("Accepting Connection.../n");

   // Start a thread to handle the connection.

   new ServerThread (s).start ();
  }
 }
}

class ServerThread extends Thread
{
 private Socket s;

 ServerThread (Socket s)
 {
  this.s = s;
 }

 public void run ()
 {
  BufferedReader br = null;
  PrintWriter pw = null;

  try
  {
   // Create an input stream reader that chains to the socket's
   // byte-oriented input stream. The input stream reader
   // converts bytes read from the socket to characters. The
   // conversion is based on the platform's default character
   // set.

   InputStreamReader isr;
   isr = new InputStreamReader (s.getInputStream ());

   // Create a buffered reader that chains to the input stream
   // reader. The buffered reader supplies a convenient method
   // for reading entire lines of text.

   br = new BufferedReader (isr);

   // Create a print writer that chains to the socket's byte-
   // oriented output stream. The print writer creates an
   // intermediate output stream writer that converts
   // characters sent to the socket to bytes. The conversion
   // is based on the platform's default character set.

   pw = new PrintWriter (s.getOutputStream (), true);

   // Create a calendar that makes it possible to obtain date
   // and time information.

   Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance ();

   // Because the client program may send multiple commands, a
   // loop is required. Keep looping until the client either
   // explicitly requests termination by sending a command
   // beginning with letters BYE or implicitly requests
   // termination by closing its output stream.

   do
   {
    // Obtain the client program's next command.

    String cmd = br.readLine ();

    // Exit if client program has closed its output stream.

    if (cmd == null)
     break;
  
    // Convert command to uppercase, for ease of comparison.

    cmd = cmd.toUpperCase ();

    // If client program sends BYE command, terminate.

    if (cmd.startsWith ("BYE"))
     break;

    // If client program sends DATE or TIME command, return
    // current date/time to the client program.

    if (cmd.startsWith ("DATE") || cmd.startsWith ("TIME"))
     pw.println (c.getTime ().toString ());

    // If client program sends DOM (Day Of Month) command,
    // return current day of month to the client program.

    if (cmd.startsWith ("DOM"))
     pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));

    // If client program sends DOW (Day Of Week) command,
    // return current weekday (as a string) to the client
    // program.

    if (cmd.startsWith ("DOW"))
     switch (c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK))
    {
     case Calendar.SUNDAY : pw.println ("SUNDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.MONDAY : pw.println ("MONDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.TUESDAY : pw.println ("TUESDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.WEDNESDAY: pw.println ("WEDNESDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.THURSDAY : pw.println ("THURSDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.FRIDAY : pw.println ("FRIDAY");
      break;

     case Calendar.SATURDAY : pw.println ("SATURDAY");
    }

    // If client program sends DOY (Day of Year) command,
    // return current day of year to the client program.

    if (cmd.startsWith ("DOY"))
     pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR));

     // If client program sends PAUSE command, sleep for three
     // seconds.
 
    if (cmd.startsWith ("PAUSE"))
    try
    {
     Thread.sleep (3000);
    }
    catch (InterruptedException e)
    {
    }
   }
   while (true);
   {
   catch (IOException e)
   {
    System.out.println (e.toString ());
   }
   finally
   {
    System.out.println ("Closing Connection.../n");

    try
    {
     if (br != null)
      br.close ();

      if (pw != null)
       pw.close ();

      if (s != null)
       s.close ();
    }
    catch (IOException e)
    {
    }
   }
  }
}

  運行這段程式將得到下面的輸出:

Server starting...
Accepting Connection...
Closing Connection...

  SSServer的原始碼聲明了一對類:SSServer 和ServerThread;SSServer的main()方法建立了一個ServerSocket對象來監聽連接埠10000上的串連請求,如果成功, SSServer進入一個無限迴圈中,交替調用ServerSocket的 accept() 方法來等待串連請求,同時啟動後台線程處理串連(accept()返回的請求)。線程由ServerThread繼承的start()方法開始,並執行ServerThread的run()方法中的代碼。

  一旦run()方法運行,線程將建立BufferedReader, PrintWriter和 Calendar對象並進入一個迴圈,這個迴圈由讀(通過BufferedReader的 readLine())來自客戶程式的一行文本開始,文本(命令)儲存在cmd引用的string對象中,如果客戶程式過早的關閉輸出資料流,會發生什麼呢?答案是:cmd將得不到賦值。

  注意必須考慮到這種情況:在服務程式正在讀輸入資料流時,客戶程式關閉了輸出資料流,如果沒有對這種情況進行處理,那麼程式將產生異常。

  一旦編譯了SSServer的原始碼,通過輸入Java SSServer來運行程式,在開始運行SSServer後,就可以運行一個或多個SSClient程式。

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